HomeMy WebLinkAboutCity Council Committees - Land Use and Planning Board - 01/14/2019 (2)Unless other noted, the Land Use and Planning Board meets at 7 p.m. on the
second and fourth Monday of each month in Kent City Hall, Council Chambers, 220
Fourth Avenue South, Kent, WA 98032.
For additional information please contact City Clerk at (253) 856-5725 or via email
at CityClerk@kentwa.gov.
Any person requiring a disability accommodation should contact the City Clerk’s
Office at 253-856-5725 in advance. For TDD relay service all Washington
Telecommunications Relay Service at 7-1-1.
Land Use and Planning Board
Agenda
Board Members: Paul Hintz, Chair
Katherine Jones, Vice Chair - Gwen Allen-Carston - Shane Amodei
- Frank Cornelius - Dale Hartman - Ali Shasti
Monday, January 14, 2019
7:00 p.m.
Item Description Action Speaker Time
1.Call to Order Chair 01 MIN.
2.Roll Call Chair 01 MIN.
3.Changes to the Agenda Chair 01 MIN.
4.Approval of the Minutes from
11/26/2018
YES Chair Hintz
5.Commications from the Chair Chair 01 MIN.
6.Notice of Upcoming Meetings Chair 01 MIN.
7.Mini-Warehousing Statistics NO Hayley Bonsteel 10 MIN.
8.Adjournment Chair 01 MIN.
NO
NO
NO
NO
LAND USE AND PLANNING BOARD
220 Fourth Ave S
Kent, WA 98032
DATE: January 14, 2019
TO: Land Use and Planning Board
SUBJECT: Approval of the Minutes
MOTION: Move to approve the minutes for the meeting of November 26,
2018.
SUMMARY:
BUDGET IMPACT:
SUPPORTS STRATEGIC PLAN GOAL:
Thriving City
ATTACHMENTS:
1. 11-26-18 LUPB Mins (PDF)
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Land Use and Planning Board November 26, 2018
Minutes Kent, Washington
Pending Approval
Page 1 of 2
Date: November 26, 2018
Time: 7:00 p.m.
Place: Council Chambers
Attending: Paul Hintz, Chair; Katherine Jones, Vice Chair; Ali Shasti; Frank
Cornelius; Matt Gilbert, ECD Deputy Director, Hayley Bonsteel, Long-Range Planning
Manager
Agenda:
1. Call to Order
Chair Hintz called the meeting to order at 7:00 P.M.
2. Roll Call
All members in attendance.
3. Added Items None.
4. Communications None.
5. Notice of Upcoming Meetings None.
Chair Hintz opened the public workshop at 7:00
6. Public Workshop
Zoning Code Amendment Docket Items
Hayley Bonsteel presented the proposed Zoning Code Amendment docket items
for the upcoming 2019 and 2020 years. Proposed ZCA’s include:
a. An update to the City’s sign ordinance in 2019.
b. An update to the City’s noise ordinance in 2019.
c. Recreational facility development requirement updates in 2019.
d. Building height and development requirement updates for Accessory
Dwelling Units (ADU’s) in 2020.
7:45: Frank Cornelius Moved to Approve the amendment as recommended by
staff. Seconded by Ali Shasti. Motion Passed 4-0.
7. Self Storage Mini-Warehouse Ordinance
Hayley Bonsteel presented the case to prohibit the development of new mini-
warehouse storage facilities within the City of Kent, citing that they are a low-
performing use of land. Mini-warehouses provide few low-skill, low paying jobs, very
little tax revenue, are a poor use of land, and last for long periods of time. It was
also mentioned that storage facilities reduce attractiveness for businesses looking to
move to the area.
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Land Use and Planning Board November 26, 2018
Minutes Kent, Washington
Pending Approval
Page 2 of 2
8. Naden/DCE Zoning Review
Matt Gilbert spoke to adjusting our zoning code to bring light manufacturing to the
Downtown and surrounding area. This would be an attractive use of land that brings
high-skill, high paying jobs to the area. Light manufacturing would ideally replace
delapidated structures and failing businesses, essentially cleaning up the downtown
area through smart economic development.
He also discussed the potential land use of the parcels north of 516/Willis street to
the east of Highway 167. Early design concepts were shown for what potential that
land has for development, including a hotel and improvements to the interurban trail
that runs down the West side of those parcels.
Adjournment
8:10 Chair Hintz seeing no further business motioned to adjourned the meeting.
Samuel M Maloney
Planning Technician
Economic and Community Development
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LAND USE AND PLANNING BOARD
220 Fourth Ave S
Kent, WA 98032
DATE: January 14, 2019
TO: Land Use and Planning Board
SUBJECT: Mini-Warehousing Statistics
INFORMATION ONLY: Mini-warehousing, also known as “self-storage,” is an
industry in which storage space is rented out to tenants, usually on a short-term
basis such as month-to-month.
There are approximately twenty-five mini-warehouses in Kent, which is higher per
capita than Auburn, Covington, Renton, Des Moines, Shoreline, Bellevue and
Redmond. Prices vary depending on size of unit, but average about $175 per month
in Kent. Prices in other cities average between $147 to $206 per month. Smaller
units average about $60 per month, and larger units average $293 per month. At
the time of research, every facility in Kent and the afore-mentioned cities had units
available; the vast majority had units available at every price point.
Mini-warehousing is a relatively low-performing land use; it generates little
employment for residents, relatively less revenue for the city compared to other
land uses, and may negatively impact the vitality of commercial corridors. Land
used as mini-warehousing could otherwise be utilized for housing or more
employment-intensive businesses. Mini-warehousing’s rents tend to rise with the
growth of an area, and are very unlikely to redevelop into other uses over time. As
Kent is increasingly built out, re-developable parcels are at risk for becoming mini-
warehouses instead of higher performing land uses that contribute more to life in
Kent. Staff presented this draft ordinance in November, 2018, and are now
returning with further information to respond to LUPB questions from that meeting.
A public hearing is planned for January 28, 2019.
EXHIBITS: Draft Ordinance, Mini-warehousing Statistics
BUDGET IMPACT: None
SUPPORTS STRATEGIC PLAN GOAL:
Thriving City
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ATTACHMENTS:
1. Mini-warehouse Statistics (PDF)
2. Self Storage Mini-warehouse Ord KCC15.04.040-.050 (PDF)
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Mini-warehousing Statistics
The following graphs show some basic information on mini-warehousing in Kent and
seven neighboring communities in King County.
Kent has the highest gross number of mini-warehouse facilities of surveyed
jurisdictions.
Kent has the highest number of mini-warehouse facilities per capita as well.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Kent Covington Renton Des Moines Auburn Redmond Shoreline Bellevue
Number of Mini-warehouse Facilities
0
0.00002
0.00004
0.00006
0.00008
0.0001
0.00012
0.00014
0.00016
0.00018
0.0002
Kent Covington Renton Des Moines Auburn Redmond Shoreline Bellevue
Mini-warehouse Facilities Per Capita
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Costs vary depending on the size of unit; nearby South King County cities have
similar costs to those in Kent, with some variation seen for larger units in East King
County. Costs shown are representative per month and based on correspondence
with facility operators; units at all price points are not necessarily always available.
$-
$50.00
$100.00
$150.00
$200.00
$250.00
$300.00
$350.00
$400.00
Kent Covington Renton Des Moines Auburn Redmond Shoreline Bellevue
Mini-warehouse Rental Costs
Low Average High Average Total Average
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1 Amend KCC 15.04.040 and 15.04.050 -
Re: Manufacturing Land Use
ORDINANCE NO.
AN ORDINANCE of the City Council of the
City of Kent, Washington, amending sections
15.04.040 and 15.04.050 of the Kent City Code to
prohibit mini-warehouses or self-storage facilities in
all zoning districts in the City of Kent.
RECITALS
A. The city has a strong interest in fostering a vibrant and
productive economic environment and a growth management goal to
promote economic opportunity within the city through land use planning.
B. Without well-planned, forward looking land use regulations,
certain land uses that do not foster economic growth, with negative
consequences to economic expansion and job creation, can be established
and proliferate.
C. Mini-warehousing, also known as “self-storage,” is an industry
in which storage space is rented out to tenants, usually on a short-term
basis such as month-to-month. Typical facilities are in the range of
100,000 square feet.
D. Several mini-warehouses exist today in Kent, and neighboring
cities such as Auburn, Federal Way, Tukwila and Renton also have mini-
7.b
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2 Amend KCC 15.04.040 and 15.04.050 -
Re: Manufacturing Land Use
warehousing options available. Security measures at mini-warehouses
vary.
E. Mini-warehousing is a relatively low-performing land use; it
generates little employment for residents, relatively less revenue for the
city compared to other land uses, and may negatively impact the vitality of
commercial corridors.
F. Most cities regulate mini-warehouses heavily, including
standards that may make development of mini-warehouses very unlikely,
such as restricting size. Cities such as Woborn, MA, and Edmonds, WA
prohibit mini-warehouses entirely.
G. Land used as mini-warehousing could otherwise be utilized for
housing or more employment-intensive businesses. Mini-warehousing’s
rents tend to rise with the growth of an area, and are very unlikely to
redevelop into other uses over time. As Kent is increasingly built out,
redevelopable parcels are at risk for becoming mini-warehouses instead of
higher performing land uses that contribute more to life in Kent.
NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF KENT,
WASHINGTON, DOES HEREBY ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS:
ORDINANCE
SECTION 1. – Amendment. Section 15.04.040 of the Kent City
Code, entitled “Manufacturing Land Uses” is amended to read as follows:
Sec. 15.04.040. Manufacturing Land Uses.
7.b
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3 Amend KCC 15.04.040 and 15.04.050 -
Re: Manufacturing Land Use
Zoning Districts
Key P = Principally Permitted Uses S = Special Uses C = Conditional Uses A = Accessory Uses
A-10 AG SR-1 SR-3
SR-4.5
SR-6 SR-8
MR-D
MR-T12
MR-T16
MR-G
MR-M
MR-H
MHP NCC CC DC DCE
MTC-1
MTC-2
MCR CM-1 CM-2 GC M1 M1-C M2 M3
Manufacturing, processing, blending,
and packaging of food and beverage products
(23) P (23) P (23) P (23) P (23) P (23)
C
(1)
Manufacturing, processing, blending, and packaging of drugs, pharmaceuticals, toiletries, and cosmetics
P P P P P P C (1)
Manufacturing, processing, blending,
and packaging of dairy products and
byproducts
P P P P P P P C (1)
Industrial laundry and dyeing (including
linen supply and diaper services)
P P P P P (29) C (30)
Printing, publishing, and allied industries
P (21) P P C P P P P C
(1)
Chemicals and related products mfg. C
(4)
C
(4)
C
(4)
C
(1)
Contractor shops
P
(5)
P
(5)
(3)
C P
C
(1)
Custom arts and crafts products mfg.
P P P P
C
(1)
Computers, office machines, and equipment mfg. P (3) P (3)
Manufacturing and assembly of electrical equipment, appliances, lighting, radio, TV communications, equipment, and components
P (3) P (3) P P P P C (1)
Fabricated metal products mfg.; custom sheet metal mfg., containers, hand tools, heating equipment, screw products, extrusion, coating, and
plating
P P P P P P C (1)
Manufacturing and assembly of
electronic and electrical devices, and
automotive, aerospace, missile,
airframe, and similar products
P
(3)
P
(3)
P
(25)
P
(25)
P
(25)
P
(25)
C
(1)
Hazardous substance land uses
A
(7)
A
(7)
A
(8)
A
(8)
A
(8)
A
(8)
A
(7)
A
(7)
A
(7)
A
(7)
A
(12)
A
(12)
A
(12)
A
(14) C (15)
Offices incidental and necessary to the conduct of a principally permitted use A A A A A A A A P P P P P P
Warehousing and distribution facilities
P (22) C (31)
P (16) P (16) P (16) P (16) P (16) P (24) C (1)
Rail-truck transfer uses
C (13) C (17) C (17) P (18) P (11)
C
(1)
Outdoor storage (including truck, heavy
equipment, and contractor
storage yards as allowed
by development standards, KCC 15.04.190 and 15.04.195)
P P A A A C
A
P
C
(1)
Miniwarehouses self-storage (19)
Manufacturing of soaps, detergents, and other basic cleaning and cleansing preparations
C P C (1)
Manufacturing of plastics and synthetic C P
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4 Amend KCC 15.04.040 and 15.04.050 -
Re: Manufacturing Land Use
Zoning Districts
Key P = Principally Permitted Uses S = Special Uses C = Conditional Uses A = Accessory Uses
A-10 AG SR-1 SR-3
SR-4.5
SR-6 SR-8
MR-D
MR-T12
MR-T16
MR-G
MR-M
MR-H
MHP NCC CC DC DCE
MTC-1
MTC-2
MCR CM-1 CM-2 GC M1 M1-C M2 M3
resins C (1)
Manufacturing of synthetic and natural fiber and cloth
C P C (1)
Manufacturing of plywood, composition wallboard, and similar structural wood products
C P C (1)
Manufacturing of nonmetallic mineral products such as abrasives, asbestos, chalk, pumice, and putty
C P C (1)
Manufacturing of heat-resisting or structural clay products (brick, tile, or pipe) or porcelain products
C P C (1)
Manufacturing of machinery and heavy machine tool equipment for general industry and mining, agricultural,
construction, or service industries
C P C (1)
Manufacturing, processing,
assembling, and packaging of articles,
products, or merchandise made from
previously prepared natural or
synthetic materials
P
(20)
(26)
(28)
P
(20)
(26)
(28)
P
(20)
(26)
(28)
P
C
(1)
Manufacturing, processing, treating,
assembling, and packaging of articles, products, or merchandise from previously prepared ferrous, nonferrous, or alloyed metals
P
(20) (26)
P
(20) (26)
P
(20) (26)
P
(26) C (1)
Complexes which include a combination of uses, including a mixture of office, storage, and light manufacturing uses
P P
Accessory usesand structurescustomarily
appurtenant to a permitted use
A A A (27)
(32)
A (32) A (32) A (32) A (32) A A A A A A A (9) A (9) A (10) A (10) A (10) A (10) A (10) A (9) A (9) A (9) A (6) A (6) A (6) A (6)
Impound lots C C
(1)
SECTION 2. – Amendment. Section 15.04.050 of the Kent City
Code, entitled “Manufacturing Land Use Development Conditions” is
amended as follows:
Sec. 15.04.050 Manufacturing land use development
conditions.
1. The following uses require a conditional use permit:
a. Manufacture of such types of basic materials as follows:
i. Gum and wood chemicals and fertilizers, and basic industrial
organic and inorganic chemicals or products such as alkalis and chlorine,
industrial and liquid petroleum, gases, cellophane, coal tar products, dyes
and dye products, impregnated products, tanning compounds, and glue
and gelatin.
7.b
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5 Amend KCC 15.04.040 and 15.04.050 -
Re: Manufacturing Land Use
ii. Hydraulic cement, concrete, gypsum, lime, carbon, carbon
black, graphite, coke, glass, and similar products.
b. Manufacture of products such as the following:
i. Ammunition, explosives, fireworks, matches, photographic
film, missile propellants, and similar combustibles.
ii. Rubber from natural, synthetic, or reclaimed materials.
iii. Paving and roofing materials or other products from
petroleum derivatives.
c. Refining of materials such as petroleum and petroleum products,
metals and metal ores, sugar, and fats and oils.
d. Distilling of materials such as bone, coal, coal tar, coke, wood,
and other similar distillates.
e. Heavy metal processes, such as ore reduction or smelting,
including blast furnaces, and including drop forging, drop hammering,
boiler plate works, and similar heavy metal operations:
i. Asphalt batching plants.
ii. Concrete mixing and batching plants, including ready-mix
concrete facilities.
iii. Rock crushing plants and aggregate dryers.
iv. Sandblasting plants.
f. Animal and food processing, including the following and similar
operations:
i. Tanning, dressing, and finishing of hides, skins, and furs.
ii. Meat and seafood products, curing, canning, rendering, and
slaughtering.
iii. Nitrating of cotton and other materials.
iv. Rendering of animal grease or tallow, fish oil, and similar
materials.
v. Slaughtering, stockyard, feedlot, dairy, and similar
operations.
7.b
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6 Amend KCC 15.04.040 and 15.04.050 -
Re: Manufacturing Land Use
vi. Pickling and brine curing processes.
vii. Wholesale produce markets.
g. Salvage, wrecking, and disposal activities, including the following
and similar operations:
i. Automobile and building wrecking and salvage.
ii. Salvage of industrial waste materials such as metal, paper,
glass, rags, and similar materials.
iii. Sewage disposal and treatment plants.
iv. Dump and sump operations for such uses as rubbish,
garbage, trash, and other liquid and solid wastes.
h. Storage of the following kinds of goods:
i. Bulk storage of oil, gas, petroleum, butane, propane, liquid
petroleum gas, and similar products, and bulk stations and plants.
ii. Used building materials, mover’s equipment, relocated
buildings, impounded vehicles, and similar materials.
iii. Explosives or fireworks, except where incidental to a
principally permitted use.
iv. Fertilizer or manure.
2. [Reserved].
3. Small scale light manufacturing operations as follows: stamping,
brazing, testing, electronic assembly, and kindred operations where the
building, structure, or total operation does not encompass more than
10,000 square feet of area. The 10,000-square-foot total shall include all
indoor and outdoor storage areas associated with the manufacturing
operation. Only one 10,000-square-foot manufacturing operation shall be
permitted per lot.
7.b
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7 Amend KCC 15.04.040 and 15.04.050 -
Re: Manufacturing Land Use
4. Conditional use for manufacturing of paint, but manufacturing of paint is
permitted outright in the M3 zone.
5. Contractor shops where most of the work is done on call, and which do
not rely on walk-in trade, but where some incidental storage or semi-
manufacturing work is done on the premises, such as carpentry, heating,
electrical, or glass shops, printing, publishing, or lithographic shops,
furniture, upholstery, dry cleaning, and exterminators.
6. Accessory uses include sales of product accessory to and directly related
to the manufacturing or warehousing use on the site.
7. For permitted uses, accessory hazardous substance land uses, including
onsite hazardous waste treatment or storage facilities, which are not
subject to cleanup permit requirements of Chapter 11.02 KCC, subject to
the provisions of KCC 15.08.050, except offsite hazardous waste treatment
or storage facilities, which are not permitted in this district. Fuel farm
facilities are not allowed in AG or A-10 zones.
8. For permitted uses, hazardous substance land uses, including onsite
hazardous waste treatment or storage facilities, which are not subject to
cleanup permit requirements of Chapter 11.02 KCC and which do not
accumulate more than 5,000 pounds of hazardous substances or wastes or
any combination thereof at any one time on the site, subject to the
provisions of KCC 15.08.050, except offsite hazardous waste treatment or
storage facilities, which are not permitted in this district.
9. Includes incidental storage facilities and loading/unloading areas.
10. Includes incidental storage facilities, which must be enclosed, and
loading/unloading areas.
7.b
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8 Amend KCC 15.04.040 and 15.04.050 -
Re: Manufacturing Land Use
11. Including transportation and transit terminals with repair and storage
facilities, and rail-truck transfer uses, except classification yards in the
category of “hump yards.”
12. For permitted uses, accessory hazardous substance land uses,
including onsite hazardous waste treatment or storage facilities, which are
not subject to cleanup permit requirements of Chapter 11.02 KCC, subject
to the provisions of KCC 15.08.050. Offsite hazardous waste treatment or
storage facilities are not permitted in this district, except through a special
use combining district.
13. Conditional use permit required for trucking terminals and rail-truck
transfer uses.
14. For permitted uses, accessory hazardous substance land uses,
including onsite hazardous waste treatment or storage facilities, which are
not subject to cleanup permit requirements of Chapter 11.02 KCC, subject
to the provisions of KCC 15.08.050, except offsite hazardous waste
treatment or storage facilities, which require a conditional use permit in
this district.
15. The following require a conditional use permit:
a. Offsite hazardous waste treatment or storage facilities, subject to
the provisions of KCC 15.08.050.
b. Any hazardous substance land use that is not an accessory use to
a principally permitted use.
16. Warehousing and distribution facilities and the storage of goods or
products, except for those goods or products specifically described as
permitted to be stored only as conditional uses in the M3 district.
7.b
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9 Amend KCC 15.04.040 and 15.04.050 -
Re: Manufacturing Land Use
17. Conditional use for car loading and distribution facilities, and rail-truck
transfer uses.
18. Warehousing and distribution facilities and the storage of goods or
products, including rail-truck transfer uses.
19. Miniwarehouses are prohibited in all zoning districts. For
purposes of this title, miniwarehouses means any real property designed
and used for the purpose of renting or leasing individual storage space to
occupants who are to have access to the space for the purpose of storing
and removing personal property on a self-service basis, but does not
include a garage or other storage area in a private residence.
20. Prohibited are those manufacturing activities having potentially
deleterious operational characteristics, such as initial processing of raw
materials (forging, smelting, refining, and forming).
21. The ground level or street level portion of all buildings in the
pedestrian overlay of the DC district, set forth in the map below, must be
retail or pedestrian-oriented. Pedestrian-oriented development shall have
the main ground floor entry located adjacent to a public street and be
physically and visually accessible by pedestrians from the sidewalk, and
may include the following uses:
a. Retail establishments, including but not limited to convenience
goods, department and variety stores, specialty shops such as apparel and
accessories, gift shops, toy shops, cards and paper goods, home and home
accessory shops, florists, antique shops, and book shops;
b. Personal services, including but not limited to barber shops,
beauty salons, and dry cleaning;
c. Repair services, including but not limited to television, radio,
computer, jewelry, and shoe repair;
7.b
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10 Amend KCC 15.04.040 and 15.04.050 -
Re: Manufacturing Land Use
d. Food-related shops, including but not limited to restaurants
(including outdoor seating areas and excluding drive-in restaurants) and
taverns;
e. Copy establishments;
f. Professional services, including but not limited to law offices and
consulting services; and
g. Any other use that is determined by the economic and community
development director to be of the same general character as the above
permitted uses and in accordance with the stated purpose of the district,
pursuant to KCC 15.09.065, Interpretation of uses.
22. Permitted uses are limited to storage, warehousing, processing, and
conversion of agricultural, dairy, and horticultural products, but not
including slaughtering, meat packing, and fuel farm facilities.
23. Excluding slaughtering, rendering, curing, or canning of meat or
seafood products.
24. Except for those goods or products specifically described as permitted
to be stored as conditional uses.
25. Excluding explosive fuels and propellants.
26. Excluding predominantly drop forge and drop hammer operations.
27. Other accessory uses and buildings customarily appurtenant to a
permitted use, except for onsite hazardous waste treatment and storage
facilities, which are not permitted in residential zones.
28. Excluding paint boiling processes.
7.b
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11 Amend KCC 15.04.040 and 15.04.050 -
Re: Manufacturing Land Use
29. Limited to 25 percent of gross floor area. Reference KCC 15.04.080(5).
30. Retail or services uses which exceed the 25 percent limit on an
individual or cumulative basis shall be subject to review individually
through the conditional use permit process. A conditional use permit shall
be required on an individual tenant or business basis and shall be granted
only when it is demonstrated that the operating characteristics of the use
will not adversely impact onsite or offsite conditions on either an individual
or cumulative basis.
31. Reuse or replacement of existing structures for nonagricultural uses is
allowed where it is shown that the existing structures are obsolete for
agricultural use and will have no viable economic use unless they can be
put to nonagricultural use. Any replacement structures must maintain or
enhance the agricultural appearance of the property. Signs shall be limited
to not more than 100 square feet in area per business, and of that
amount, freestanding signs shall not exceed 40 square feet in area. No
increase in the area of existing impervious surface shall be allowed in
connection with a nonagricultural use.
32. Accessory structures composed of at least two walls and a roof, not
including accessory uses or structures customarily appurtenant to
agricultural uses, are subject to the provisions of KCC 15.08.160.
SECTION 3. – Severability. If any one or more section, subsection,
or sentence of this ordinance is held to be unconstitutional or invalid, such
decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portion of this
ordinance and the same shall remain in full force and effect.
SECTION 4. – Corrections by City Clerk or Code Reviser. Upon
approval of the city attorney, the city clerk and the code reviser are
7.b
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12 Amend KCC 15.04.040 and 15.04.050 -
Re: Manufacturing Land Use
authorized to make necessary corrections to this ordinance, including the
correction of clerical errors; ordinance, section, or subsection numbering;
or references to other local, state, or federal laws, codes, rules, or
regulations.
SECTION 5. – Effective Date. This ordinance shall take effect and
be in force thirty days from and after its passage, as provided by law.
DANA RALPH, MAYOR Date Approved
ATTEST:
KIMBERLEY A. KOMOTO, CITY CLERK Date Adopted
Date Published
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
ARTHUR “PAT” FITZPATRICK, CITY ATTORNEY
7.b
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