HomeMy WebLinkAboutCAG1997-0064 - Original - Norman Courtney - Centenial Center Artwork - 09/05/1997 AGREEMENT FOR ART WORK
AGREEMENT BY AND BETWEEN
THE CITY OF KENT AND
THIS AGREEMENT, entered into this 5th day of September, 1997, by and between the City of
Kent(the "City"), and Norman Courtney (the "Artist"), residing at 4631 49th South Seattle Washington
98118.
WHEREAS, the City is implementing a public art program pursuant to Ordinance 2552 by
allocating certain funds for the establishment of artworks in certain public places and authorizing the
making of payments for the design, execution, fabrication, transportation and installation of works of art
and the support of an artist-selection process; and
WHEREAS, funds have been allocated for the selection, purchase and placement of artwork; and
WHEREAS,the Artist was selected by the City through the procedures duly adopted by the Kent
Arts Commission to design, execute, fabricate and install works of art(the "Work") in the Centennial
Center(the "Site"); and
WHEREAS, both parties wish to promote and maintain the integrity and clarity of the Artist's
ideas and statements as represented by the Work;
NOW, THEREFORE, the City and the Artist, for the consideration and under the conditions
hereinafter set forth, agree as follows:
Article 1. Scope of Services.
1.1 General.
a. The Artist shall perform all services and work, and furnish all supplies, material and
equipment as necessary for the design, execution, fabrication, transportation and installation of the Work
at the Site.
b. The Artist shall determine the artistic expression, scope, design, color, size, material,
texture, and location on the site of the Work, subject to review and acceptance by the City as set forth in
this Agreement.
c. The Artist will estimate the life of the Work and will guarantee durability of
workmanship and materials against normal wear and tear and exposure to the elements at the Centennial
Center for one (1) year.
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1.2 Structural Design Review.
a. Within 30 days after the City approves the Vroposal, the Artist shall, prepare and
submit to the City detailed working drawings of the Work and the Site,together with such other graphic
material as may reasonably be requested by the City in order to permit the City to carry out structural
design review and to certify the compliance-of the Work with any applicable statutes and ordinances.
The City shall furnish to the Artist all,rriformation, materials and assistance required by the Artist in
connection with said submission Xy the Artist promptly on the request by the Artist for such N/A
information.
b. The City may require the Artist to make such revisions to the Proposal as are
necessary for the Work to comply with applicable statutes, ordinances or regulations of any
governmental regulatory agency having jurisdiction over the project.
c. The City may also request revisions for other practical (non-aesthetic) reasons.
d. Within 10 days after the receipt of the Artist's submission pursuant to Section 1.3,the
City shall notify the Artist of its approval, or disapproval, of such submission and of all revisions made
in the Proposal as a result thereof. Revisions made pursuant to this agreement become a part of the
Proposal.
1.3 Execution of the Work.
a. After written approval of the submissions and revisions made pursuant to Section 1.2,
the Artist shall furnish to the City a schedule for completion of fabrication and installation of the Work,
including a schedule for the submission of progress reports if any. After written approval of the
schedule by the City, the Artist shall fabricate, transport and install the Work in accordance with such
schedule. Such schedule may be amended by written agreement between the City and the Artist.
b. The City shall have the right to review the Work at reasonable times during the
fabrication thereof. The Artist shall submit to the City progress reports in accordance with the schedule
provided for in Section 1.3(a).
c. The Artist shall complete the fabrication and installation of the Work in substantial
conformity with the Proposal, attached as Exhibit A and incorporated by this reference.
d. The Artist shall first present to the City in writing for further review and approval any
significant changes in the scope, design, color, size, material or texture of the Work not permitted by or
not in substantial conformity with the Proposal. A significant change is any change in the scope, design,
color, size, material, texture or location on the Site of the Work which affects installation, scheduling,
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site preparation or maintenance for the Work or the concept of the Work as represented in the Proposal.
1.4 Delivery and Installation.
a. The Artist shall notify the City in writing when fabrication of the Work is completed
and she is ready for its delivery and installation at the Site.
b. The Artist shall deliver and install the completed Work at the Site in compliance with
procedures approved by the City pursuant to Section 1.3 in accordance with the approved schedule.
1.5 Post-Installation.
a. The Artist shall be available at such time or times as may be agreed between the City
and the Artist to attend any inauguration or presentation ceremonies relating to the transfer of the Work
to the City. The City shall use its best efforts to arrange for publicity for the completed Work in such art
publications and otherwise as may be determined between the City and the Artist as soon as practicable
following installation.
b. Upon installation of the Work, the Artist shall provide to the City written instructions
for appropriate maintenance and preservation of the Work.
1.6 Final Acceptance.
a. The Artist shall advise the City in writing when all services required prior to those
described in Section 1.5(b)have been completed in substantial conformity with the Proposal.
b. The City shall notify the Artist of its final acceptance of the Work.
c. Final acceptance shall be effective as of the earlier to occur of(1)the date of the City's
notification of final acceptance or(2)the 30th day after the Artist has sent the written notice to the City
required under Section 1.6(a) unless the City, upon receipt of such notice and prior to the expiration of
the 30-day period, gives the Artist written notice specifying and describing the services which have not
been completed.
1.7 Risk of Loss. The risk of loss or damage to the Work shall be borne by the Artist until
final acceptance by the City, and the Artist shall take such measures as are necessary to protect the Work
from loss or damage until final acceptance; except that the risk of loss or damage shall be borne by the
City prior to final acceptance during such periods of time as the partially or wholly completed Work is
in the actual custody, control or supervision of the City or its agents for the purposes of transporting,
storing, installing or performing any other ancillary services to the Work. Provided,that the risk of loss
and damage of the Work due to structural or design defect shall be borne by the Artist at all times prior
to and after acceptance during the warranty period.
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1.8 Indemnity by City. Upon final acceptance of the Work, the City shall, to the extent of its
negligence, indemnify and hold harmless the Artist against any and all claims or liabilities then existing
or arising thereafter in connection with the Work,the Site, the Project or this Agreement, except claims
by the City against the Artist and claims which may occur as a result of the Artist's breach of the
warranties provided in Article 4. Artist shall indemnify and hold harmless the City of Kent, its elected
officials, officers, Kent Arts Commission, and employees from all claims, litigation and injuries arising
out of actions of the Artist, Artist's employees and agents to the extent of their negligent acts, errors, and
omissions.
1.9 Title. Tile to the Work shall pass to the City upon final acceptance.
1.10 Ownership of Documents. Models. Upon final acceptance, all studies, drawings, designs,
maquettes and models prepared and submitted under this Agreement shall be returned to the Artist and
shall belong to the Artist. The City may select and the Artist shall convey to the City one of the original
drawings submitted pursuant to Section 1.2 as part of the Proposal, the City representing that such
drawing(s) will be used by it solely for exhibition and held by it in permanent safekeeping. At the
request of the City,the Artist agrees to loan the City studies, drawings, maquettes for use in exhibits of
display for reasonable periods to be mutually agreed upon by the Artist and City, the Artist agrees not to
unreasonably withhold Artist consent.
Article 2. Compensation and Payment Schedule.
2.1 Subject to the liquidated damage provision of Section 1.4 above,the Artist shall be
paid by the City for completed work and/or services related to this Agreement only as provided
hereinafter. Such payment shall be in full compensation for all work performed and/or services
rendered, and for all supervision, labor, supplies, materials, travel expenses, equipment or use thereof,
and for all other incidentals necessary to complete the Work. Total payment shall not exceed the sum
fee of seventy five thousand dollars ($75.000). In the event that it is determined that the Washington
State sales tax applies to services rendered by the Artist, the City agrees to pay such amounts owing to
the State Revenue Department through payment to the Artist who shall be responsible for collecting and
reporting such tax monies to the State. The total payment is subject to adjustment as set forth in Section
VIII. Payments will be made upon a percentage of completion as set forth below:
Payment $25.000 Upon completion of design and execution of contract.
Payment $15.000 Upon fifty (50) percent completion of fabrication of work.
Payment$15.000 Upon seventy five (75)percent completion of fabrication of work.
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Payment$20.000 Within thirty (30) days of completion of installation on site if all other contracted
services have been provided, no claims by laborers or materialmen have been
filed, all taxes have been paid, required releases have been received from the State
Department of Revenue and Labor and Industries, and the project finally accepted
by the City.
2.2 Artist's Expenses. The Artist shall be responsible for the payment of all mailing or
shipping charges on submissions to the City,the costs of transporting the Work to the Site and the costs
of all travel by the Artist and the Artist's agents and employees necessary for the proper performance of
the services required under this Agreement.
Article 3. Time of Performance.
3.1 Duration. The services to be required of the Artist as set forth in Article 1 shall be
completed in accordance with the schedule for completion of the Work as proposed by the Artist and
approved by the City pursuant to Section 1.2, provided that such time limits may be extended or
otherwise modified by written agreement between the Artist and the City.
3.2 Early Completion of Artist Services. The Artist shall bear the transportation and
storage costs resulting from the completion of Artist services hereunder prior to the time provided in the
schedule for installation.
3.3 Time Extensions. The City shall grant a reasonable extension of time to the Artist
in the event there is a delay on the part of the City in performing its obligations under this Agreement or
in completing the underlying capital project, or if conditions beyond the Artist's control or Acts of God
render performance of the Artist's services impossible or unexpectedly burdensome. Failure to fulfill
contract obligations due to conditions beyond either party's reasonable control will not be considered a
breach of contract; provided that such obligations shall be suspended only for the duration of such
conditions.
Article 4. Warranties.
4.1 Warranties of Title. In addition to the warranty set forth in paragraph l.l.c.,the
Artist also warrants that: (a)the Work is solely the result of the artistic effort of the Artist; (b) except as
otherwise disclosed in writing to the City, the Work is unique and original and does not infringe upon
any copyright; (c)that the Work or a duplicate thereof, has not been accepted for sale elsewhere; and (d)
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the Work is free and clear of any liens from any source whatsoever.
4.2 Warranties of Qualit..y and Condition. In addition to the warranty set forth in
paragraph l.l.c., Artist represents and warrants, except as otherwise disclosed to the City in writing in
connection with submission of the Proposal pursuant to Section 1.Lb and 1.2.c, that: (a)the execution
and fabrication of the Work will be performed in a workmanlike manner; (b)the Work, as fabricated and
installed, will be free of defects in material and workmanship, including any defects consisting of
"inherent vice" or qualities which cause or accelerate deterioration of the Work; and (c) reasonable
maintenance of the Work will not require procedures substantially in excess of those described in the
maintenance recommendations to be submitted by the Artist to the City hereunder.
The warranties described in this Section 4.2 shall survive for a period of ten (10) months as
outlined in Section 1.Lc, after the final acceptance of the Work. The City shall give notice to the Artist
of any observed breach with reasonable promptness. The Artist shall, at the request of the City, and at
no cost to the City, cure reasonably and promptly the breach of any such warranty which is curable by
the Artist and which cure is consistent with professional conservation standards (including, for example,
cure by means of repair or refabrication of the Work).
Article 5. Insurance.
5.1 Risk of Loss and Insurance. The risk of damage to or loss of the Work during
development and through installation shall be solely that of the Artist. This risk shall transfer to the City
only upon transfer of ownership of the Work, which shall occur after installation in complete and the
Work is finally approved and accepted by the City. The Artist shall provide a policy of insurance,
covering all risks and hazards against any damage to or loss of the Work while it is being made and
installed.
5.2 Prior to the initiation of any on-site workshops, installation or fabrication,the Artist
and/or his/her subcontractors shall purchase and maintain for the duration of any on-site fabrication
and/or installation, insurance against claims for injuries to persons or damages to property which may
arise from, or in connection with, the performance of work done by the Artist, his/her agents,
representatives, employees, and/or subcontractors.
B. The artist and/or his/her subcontractors shall pay for the costs of the required
insurance.
C. All insurance policies must cover City of Kent, its officers, officials,
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employees and agents as additional insured as respects: liability arising out of activities performed by or
on behalf of the Artist in connection with this Contract.
D. The Artist and/or his/her subcontractors must furnish certificates of insurance
and policy endorsements as evidence of compliance with all insurance requirements of this Contract.
E. The minimum Scope and minimum Limits of insurance required by the
Contract are as follows:
Coverage shall be at least as broad as follows:
1. COMMERCIAL GENERAL LIABILITY: Insurance coverage during
installation of the artworks in an amount equal to $1,000,000 combined single limit per occurrence by
bodily injury,personal injury and property damage.
Article 6. Reproduction Rights.
6.1 The Artist retains all rights he/she may be entitled to pursuant to the Copyright Act of
1976, 17 U.S.C. 101 et se ., and all other rights in and to the Work except ownership and possession,
and except as such rights are limited by this Section 6.1. Because the parties intend that the Work in its
final dimension shall be unique,the Artist shall not make any additional exact duplicate,three-
dimensional reproductions of the Work or permit others to do so except by written permission of the
City. The Artist grants to the City and its assigns an irrevocable license to make two-dimensional
productions of the Work for any reason whatsoever.
6.2 All reproductions by the City shall contain a credit to the Artist and a copyright notice
substantially in the following form: (c) Artist's name, date of publication.
6.3 The Artist shall use their best efforts to give a credit reading substantially, "an original
work owned and commissioned by the City of Kent," in any public showing under the Artist's control of
reproductions of the Work.
6.4 The Artist may at their own expense cause to be registered, with the United States
Register of Copyrights, a copyright of the Work in the Artist's name.
Article 7. Artist's Rights.
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7.1 Identification. The Artist shall, at their sole expense,prepare and install at the Site,
pursuant to the written instructions and subsequent approval of the City, a plaque identifying the Artist,
the title of the Work and the year of completion, accession number,the words "Kent City Art Program"
and if applicable,the names of all sponsors associated with funding of the Work.
7.2 Maintenance. The City recognizes that maintenance of the Work on a regular basis is
essential to the integrity of the Work. The City shall reasonably assure that the Work is properly
maintained and protected taking into account the instructions and recommendations of the Artist and
shall reasonably protect and maintain the Work against the ravages of time, vandalism and the elements.
7.3 Repairs and Restoration.
a. The City shall have the right to determine, after consultation with a professional
conservator, when and if repairs and restorations to the Work will be made. During the Artist's lifetime,
the Artist shall be consulted regarding the aesthetics of all repairs and restorations. To the extent
practical, the Artist during the Artist's lifetime, shall be given the opportunity to make or personally
supervise significant repairs and restorations.
b. All repairs and restorations shall be made in accordance with recognized principles of
conservation.
7.4 Alteration of the Work or of the Site.
a. The City agrees that it will not intentionally damage, alter, modify or change the Work
without the prior written approval of the Artist.
b. The City shall notify the Artist of any proposed alteration of the Site that would affect
the intended character and appearance of the Work and shall consult with the Artist in the planning and
execution of any such alteration and shall make a reasonable effort to maintain the integrity of the work.
c. Nothing in this Section 7.4 shall preclude any right of the City (1)to remove the Work
from public display or (2) to sell or destroy the Work for any reason. If the City at any time decides to
sell or destroy the Work, it shall by written notice to the Artist's last known address to the City, offer the
Artist a reasonable opportunity to purchase or recover the Work pursuant to Washington State law for
the disposition of property and applicable local ordinances, policies, or rules relating to the disposition
of City personal property.
7.5 Permanent Record. The City agrees to maintain on permanent file a record of this
Agreement and of the location and disposition of the Work.
7.6 Artist's Address. The Artist shall notify the City of changes in address. The failure to do
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so, if such failure prevents the City from locating the Artist, shall be deemed a waiver by the Artist of
the right subsequently to enforce those provisions of this Article 7. Notwithstanding this provision,the
City shall make every reasonable effort to locate the Artist when matters arise relating to the Artist's
rights.
7.7 Surviving Covenants. The covenants and obligations set forth in this Article 7 shall be
binding upon the parties,their heirs, legatees, executors, administrators, assigns,transferees and all their
successors in interest, and the City's covenants do attach and run with the Work and shall be binding to
and until twenty (20) years after the death of the Artist. However, the obligations imposed upon the City
by Sections 7.3(a) and 7.6 shall terminate on the death of the Artist. The City agrees that any subsequent
purchaser of the Work will be given Notice of the covenants herein in writing so to be bound thereby.
Article 8. Artist as Independent Contractor. The Artist shall perform all work under this Agreement as
an independent contractor and not as an agent or an employee of the City. The Artist shall not be
supervised by any employee of the City nor shall the Artist exercise supervision over any employee or
official of the City.
Article 9. Assignment Transfer Subcontracting.
9.1 Neither the City nor the Artist shall assign or transfer an interest in this Agreement
without the prior written consent of the other, provided, however, that claims for money due or to
become due from the City under this Agreement may be assigned to a financial institution without
approval.
9.2 The Artist may subcontract portions of the Work at the Artist's expense provided that said
subcontracting shall not affect the design, appearance or visual quality of the Work and that such Work
is carried out under the personal supervision of the Artist and first approved by the City of Kent.
Article 10. Termination. If either party to this Agreement shall willfully or negligently fail to fulfill in a
timely and proper manner, or otherwise violate any of the covenants, agreements or stipulations material
to this Agreement,the other party shall thereupon have the right to terminate this Agreement by giving
written notice to the defaulting party of its intent to terminate specifying the grounds for termination.
The defaulting party shall have thirty (30) days after receipt of the notice to cure the default to the
satisfaction of the other party. If it is not cured, then this Agreement shall terminate. In the event of
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default by the Artist, all finished and unfinished drawings, sketches, photographs, and other work
products prepared and submitted or prepared for submission by the Artist under this Agreement shall, at
the City's option, become its property, provided that no right to fabricate or execute the Work shall pass
to the City, and the City shall reasonably compensate the Artist pursuant to Article 2 for all services
performed by the Artist prior to termination. Notwithstanding the above, the Artist shall not be relieved
of liability to the City for damages sustained by the City by virtue of any breach of the Agreement by the
Artist, and the City may reasonably withhold payments to the Artist until such time as the exact amount
of damages due the City from the Artist is determined.
Article 11. Contract Administrator. The Contract Administrator for this Agreement shall be the City
Administrative Officer, or his designee. Wherever this Agreement requires any notice to be given to or
by the City, or any determination or action to be made by the City, the City Administrative Officer or
designee shall represent and act for the City.
Article 12. Non-Discrimination. In carrying out the performance of the services designated,the Artist
shall not discriminate as to race, creed, religion, sex, age, national origin or the presence of any physical,
mental or sensory handicap, and the Artist shall comply with the equality of employment opportunity
provisions of applicable Federal, State, and local law as presently existing or hereafter amended.
Article 13. Compliance. The Artist shall be required to comply with Federal, State and City statutes,
ordinances and regulations applicable to the performance of the Artist's services under this Agreement.
Article 14. Entire Agreement. This writing embodies the entire agreement and understanding between
the parties hereto, and there are no other agreements and understandings, oral or written, with reference
to the subject matter hereof that are not merged herein and superseded hereby.
Article 15. Modification. No alteration, change or modification of the terms of the Agreement shall be
valid unless made in writing and signed by both parties hereto and approved by appropriate action of the
City.
Article 16. Waiver. No waiver of performance by either party shall be construed, or operate as a waiver
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of any subsequent default of any terms, covenants and conditions of this Agreement. The payment or
acceptance of fees for any period after a default shall not be deemed a waiver of any right or acceptance
of defective performance.
Article 17. Governing Law. This Agreement,regardless of where executed, shall be governed by and
construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Washington.
Article 18. Heirs and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of
the City and the Artist and their respective heirs, personal representative, successors and permitted
assigns.
Article 19. Dispute Resolution. All disputes or controversies that may arise between the parties with
respect to the performance, obligations or rights of the parties under this Agreement, including disputes
as to the physical acceptability of the work or any alleged breach thereof, which cannot be otherwise
settled shall be subject to the jurisdiction of civil actions brought before King County courts in the State
of Washington and be determined under the laws of the State of Washington.
Article 20. Notices. All notices, requests, demands and other communications which are required or
permitted to be given under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly
given upon the delivery or receipt thereof, as the case may be, if delivered personally or sent by
registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, as follows:
a. If the City,to: City of Kent
City Administrative Officer
220 4th Avenue South
Kent, WA 98032
b. if to the Artist, at the address first
above written with a copy to:
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the parties hereto have executed this Agreement on the day and year
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first written above.
AG Y: Cit t ARTIS
BY: BY: —
TITL TITLE:
DAT DATE: ct �!
WITNES � �.
BRENDA JAC B
CITY CLERK
Approved as to form:
j7 (
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ESTIMATED BUDGET EXHIBIT A
Materials: $ 11,300
Artist labor: $ 12,000
Wages of Assistants: $ 16,500
Fabrication Expense-includes material
and labor for making the frames $ 3,480
Studio Overhead $ 1,200
Transportation to site-includes movers $ 200
Site preparation(Showcase remodel) $ 2,075
Installation $ 2,000
Special lighting $ 3,200
Insurance $ 1,540
Sign $ 260
Subcontract-silver leafing of the ceiling $ 4,320
Subcontract-mold for casting $ 7,500
State Sales Tax $ 5,377.15
5%Contingency Fee $ 3,547.61
Total Budget $ 74,499.76
ESTIMATED SCHEDULE FOR COMPLETION
Month Work Stage
Aug. Design
Sept. Mold preparation
Oct. Mold fabrication
Nov. Casting of glass*
Dec. Fabrication'
Jan. q.2�A"17 Site preparation and fabrication
Feb./r4ft-N ?I Installation
Is it possible to visit your studio during production of the piece? Yes.
If so please indicate(*)the best times during production for a visit. Nov. and Dec.
Ards ignature
Date
EXHIBIT A
KENT PARK AND RECREATION DEPARTMENT
CITY OF KENT ART COMMISSION
Proposal Site: Centennial Center Building Date: 7/15/97
Artist: Norman Courtney Phone:(206)722-4142
Address: 4631 49th Ave. S. Seattle, WA Zip: 98118
1. Proposal Summary: Glass and light installation in existing showcase
and treatment of existing barrel vaulted ceiling.
Title of Work? Undecided.
Materials: Cast glass, flat glass, silver leaf.
Fabrication Method: Cast glass and welded steel.
Dimensions: 14'w x 6'h x 3 1/2'd Weight: 550 lb.
Estimated Project Duration: 7 months.
2. Description of Proposed Artwork:
Artist will install a cast and fabricated site-specific artwork in the existing showcase of the
Centennial Center building and will include lighting and surface treatment of the ceiling.
3. Signage: Artist are required to provide"public notice"(i.e.a sign or plaque)identifying the artwork,
artist,accession number,sponsors,installation date,and an artist statement. How would you
fulfill this requirement.
I will provide a small (approx. 8"x 12") plaque with all appropriate information.
4. Special Consideration:
Where will work be executed/fabricated?At the artist's studio and private casting studio in Seattle.
What site preparation will be necessary? Remodeling of showcase interior to be done by artist.
Do you plan to provide special lighting? Yes.
Are there special consideration related to:
Maintenance No.
Weathering No.
Public contact(touching,climbing) No.
Vandalism No.
What do you contemplate as a base? N/A.
How will the work be attached to the base? N/A.
Are there any special structural/technical considerations?
Will need the electrical wiring to the showcase lighting and to the ceiling lights.
Will need the specification on load limit of showcase floor.
Have you visited the site? Yes.
Is this work part of an edition? No.
When could you commence work on this project? Immediately upon approval of City Council.
EXHIBIT A
ARTIST'S STATEMENT
The city of Kent has a story of transformation. Once it was a largest farming community in
the area with many Japanese and Italian truck farmers and then it became a large industrial
park with Boeing as one of the most prominent figures. Today it keeps redefining itself as
new blood continues to flow into this community. Given the rich history of this place,I
am proposing a meditative and interactive place using form, texture and light.
I have taken the idea of a Japanese rock garden where the microcosm is meant to reflect
the universe, stillness, introspection. The artwork of this space is intended to provoke
reflection,both literally and metaphorically as people pass by on the way to take care of
their daily business.
The idea of setting the tessellated cells in the context of a Japanese screen makes another
obvious reference to the Japanese community but the reference ends there.These tiles or
"parquet deformations"are meant to represent the thought that the diverse individuals and
ideas build and direct our community.We each build up barriers around us and construct
our own alliances in order to protect ourselves. Yet when we take a larger view of our
community,we realize that the we regroup and shift our conceptual boundaries in order to
form and function as a greater whole.
Much in the same way that individual cells make up a more complex organism,the
individual cell or tiles of this piece are each individuals in that each is capable of tiling a
plane by joining with itself. But we, like these regular tessellations must experience a
dimensional change in order to create a temporal progression, or change over time. Our
collective consciousness is connected by time and extended by each new experience. Once
viewed as a community of individuals its impossible to visually split off independent units.
New groupings form,change, disband and regroup into new formations.The expansion of
the human spirit moves through time and has meaning.
EXHIBIT A
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