HomeMy WebLinkAbout4417ORDINANCE NO. 44L7
AN ORDINANCE of the City Council of the
City of Kent, Washington, amending the Kent
Comprehensive Plan and its Capital Facilities
Element to include the Six-Year Capital
Improvement Plan of the Puget Sound Regional Fire
Authority (CPA-2021-1).
RECITALS
A. Pursuant to RCW 82.02.050, impact fees may be collected and
spent only for the public facilities which are addressed by the City's Capital
Facilities Element of the Comprehensive Plan.
B. During the development permitting process, Fire Impact Fees
are assessed and collected pursuant to Chapter I2.L5 of the Kent City Code,
and the amount of the fees are determined through the Puget Sound
Regional Fire Authority's Six-Year Capital Improvement Plan.
C. For the purpose of continuing to benefit from the City's
assessment of Fire Impact Fees, and to update the impact fee amounts, the
Puget Sound Regional Fire Authority submitted a proposed amendment to
their Six-Year Capital Improvement Plan for the years 2022 through 2027
to be included in an amendment of the City's Capital Facilities Element of
the Comprehensive Plan.
D, To assure that comprehensive plans remain relevant and up to
date, the GMA allows amendments to the capital facilities element of
L Comprehensive Plan Amendment-
Capital Facilities Element and Six-Year
Capital Improvement Plan for RFA
comprehensive plans concurrently with the adoption or amendment of a city
budget. RCW 36.70A. 130(2)(a)(iv).
E. The City of Kent has established procedures for amending its
Comprehensive Plan in Chapter L2.02 of the Kent City Code (KCC)' KCC
IZ.OZ.OLO(AX5) allows amendment of the Capital Facilities Element of the
Comprehensive Plan concurrently with the adoption or amendment of the
City budget. In that circumstance, the City Council holds the public hearing
on the Comprehensive Plan amendment rather than the Land Use and
Planning Board.
F. On October 6,2O2L, the Puget sound Regional Fire Authority
Governance Board voted to adopt Resolution 178 approving the Puget
Sound RFA 2022-2027 Capital Improvement Plan and Resolution L79
approving the Puget Sound RFA2022 Mitigation and Level of Service Policy'
G. After providing appropriate public notice, the city council of
the City of Kent considered the requested Comprehensive Plan amendment
and held a public hearing on October L9, 202!.
H. On October 13, 202L, the City's $EPA responsible official
issued a SEPA Addendum to existing environmental documents consisting
of the City of Kent Comprehensive Plan Review and Midway Subarea
Planned Action Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) Draft and Final
(ENV-2010-3) and the Downtown Subarea Action Plan Supplemental EIS
Draft and Final (ENV-2012-30). The SEPA Addendum explained that the
proposed amendment would not create unavoidable impacts beyond those
previously identified in the EIS.
I. On September 16, 202t, the City provided the required 60-day
2 Comprehensive Plan Amendment-
Capital Facilities Element and Six'Year
Capital ImProvement Plan for RFA
notification under RCW 36.70A.106 to the Department of Commerce for the
State of Washington of the City's proposed amendment to the Capital
Facilities Element of the Comprehensive Plan. The 60-day notice period
passed on November 15, 2O2L.
NOW THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CIry OF KENT,
WASHINGTON, DOES HEREBY ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS:
ORDINANCE
SECTION 7. - Amendment The Kent Comprehensive Plan, and its
Capital Facilities Element, are amended to include the Six-Year Capital
Improvement Plan of the Puget Sound Regional Fire Authority for the years
2022 through 2027, as set forth in Exhibit "A" attached and incorporated by
this reference.
SECTION 2. - Fire Impact Fee Schedule. Pursuant to KCC L2.L5.O7O
and 12.15.100, the updated Fire Impact Fee schedule provided in
Attachment A to the Six-Year Capital Improvement Plan of the Puget Sound
Regional Fire Authority for years 2022-2027 is hereby adopted, and Fire
Impact Fees shall be collected in accordance with Chapter L2.12 KCC,
SECTION 3, - Corrections bv city clerk or code Reviser. Upon
approval of the city attorney, the city clerk and the code reviser are
authorized to make necessary corrections to this ordinance, including the
correction of clerical errors; ordinance, section, or subsection numbering; or
references to other local, state, or federal laws, codes, rules, or regulations.
SECTION 4, - Severabilitv. If any one or more section, subsection,
or sentence of this ordinance is held to be unconstitutional or invalid, that
decision will not affect the validity of the remaining portion of this ordinance
and the same shall remain in full force and effect.
3 Comprehensive Plan Amendment-
Capital Facilities Element and Six-Year
Capital Improvement Plan for RFA
SECTION 4. - Severability. If any one or more section, subsection,
or sentence of this ordinance is held to be unconstitutional or invalid, that
decision will not affect the validity of the remaining portion of this ordinance
and the same shall remain in full force and effect'
SECTION 5. - Effective Date. This ordinance will take effect and be
in force 30 days from and after its passage, as provided by law.
A RALPH, M
November 16, 2021
Date Approved
ATTEST:
KIMBERLEY A OMOTO, CITY CLERK
November 16. 2021
Date Adopted
November 19, 2021
Date Published
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
R PATRIC CITY ATTORNEY
4 Comprehensive Plan Amendment-
Capital Facilities Element and Six-Year
Capital Improvement Plan for RFA
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FIRE
EXHIBIT A
PUGET SOUND REGIONAT
FIRE AUTHORITY
2022-2027
Copitol lmprovemenl Plon
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Yeqr Updqle to fhe 2014-2033
rol Fociliries & Equipment Plon
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Puget Sound Regional Fire Authority
2022-2027
Six-Year Update to the 2OL4-2033
Capital Facilities & Equipment Plan
This Plan was prepared and implemented through the collaboration and work of the
following leadership personnel, key staff members and their associates:
Fire Chief
Matthew Morris
Assistant Chief
Brian Carson
Denutv Chief
MarkJones
Division Chiefs
Pat Pawlak-Facilities
Sean Penwell-Business Information and Technology Services
GIS Analyst
Savanna Nagorski
Plannina Enaineer
Kelley Jensen
Budget and Accounting Manager
Lavina Brennecke
Business Analvst
Sameer Ahmed
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PSRFA 2022 - 2027 Capital lmprovement Plan
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This plan has been implemented through the following Resolution and the Board Members
Identified below.
PUGET SOUND
REGIONAL FIFE AUTHORITY
I t\j'1' I RN AT I 0 N A L L v i\C C R t ] I r[ D i: I R E A0 I l.] C'i
Professionally and
com pass ion ately hel p in g peo pl e
RESOLUTION NO. 178
ADOPTING THE PUGET SOUND REGIONAT FIRE AUTHORITY
2022-2027 CAPITA t IMPROVEMENI PLAN
Bockground:
l The Puget Sound Regionol Fire Authority "Puget Sound Fire" hos determined,
consistent with the Stote Growth Monogement Aci, ihct uncoordinoted ond
unplonned growth poses o threot to the heolth, sofety, ond high quclity of life
enjoyed by residents of Puget Sound Fire; ond
2. Puget Sound Fire is committed to ensuring thoi facilities ond equipment
necessory to support development cnd growth within PSF ore odequcte to
serve development of the lime development occurs without decreosing
current service levels; cnd
3. Puget Sound Fire is commitied to o "concurrency" philosophy to service
delivery; meoning fire ond emergency service copocity must grow
concunently with development; ond
4. Puget Sound Fire recognizes thct os the community continues to grow.
odditionol resources will be required to odequctely meet the growing
demond for services; cnd
5. Puget Sound Fire recognizes that to ochieve iis commitment to concurrency
in o monner consistent with ihe Stote ond Locol ordinonces, Puget Sound Fire
is required to updote the Six Yeor Copiiol lmprovemenl Plcn onnuolly.
Resolution: NOW THEREFORE, BE lT RESOLVED. thot the Governonce Boord of the
puget Sound Regionol Fire Authority hereby odopts ond opproveslhe 2022-2027
Copitol lmprovement Plon, olioched herelo, os on updote to the 2014-2033
Puget Sound Regionol Fire Authority Copitol Focilities ond Equipment Plon.
Adoplion: ADOPTED by the Governonce Boord of ihe PUGET SOUND REGIONAL
FIRE AUTHORITY of on open public meeting of such Boqrd on the 6ih dcy of
October 2021 , Ihe f ollowing Bocrrd Members being present ond voting:
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KCFD#43
{AdvisorvMember}
City of Seatac
fAdvisorvMemberl
KCFD#37City of Covington
fAdvisorv Member)
City of Kent
Allan BarrieToni Troutner
Marearet Harto Craig HooperErin SitterlySean Smith Bill Boyce
Jim ScottLes Thomas
PSRFA 2022 - 2027 Capital lmprovement Plan
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Table of Contents
2 Background and Demographics......... ...""".....""""'..."..."2
2.1 SeaTac Service Area.............. ...'.......3
2.2 King County Fire District #43 / Maple Valley Service Area 3
3 Community Growth and Impacts of Growth 2022 - 2027 """'...." '."..'.................'.4
3.1 Growth Remains Consistent with the 2014-2033 Master CFEP.'.'...'......'..'................"5
4 PSF Service Level Performance........... .'..........'."'...'......'...'6
4.1 Response Performance Findings 6
5.1.1 Fire Stations - Kent/District 37 Service Area...'....'..'.. '....."..."...'..8
5.1.2 Future Station Properties 9
5.1.3 Support Facilities,..... ..."""'9
6 2022-2027 Need for Capital Resources and Effects on Impact Fees l7
6.I Planned Capital Funding 201'4 - 2033 II
6.L.1 Planned Capital Expenses 2022 - 2027 11
6.2 Progress toward Planned Capital Purchases.'. ..'.""'..'."""12
6.3 Capital Improvement Plan Effects on Impact Fees.,.'....".... .'."'.'.""'."'.'12
6.4 Impact Fees Applied 12
PSRFA 2022 - 2027 Capital lmprovement Plon
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L Executive Summary
This Capital Improvement Plan (the "Plan") is a periodic 6-year update and extension of the Puget
Sound Regional Fire Authority (the "RFA") 2014 - 2033 Master Capital Facilities and Equipment Plan
TCFEPJ in compliance with the requirements of Washington's Growth Management Act [GMA)
Chapter 36.70A RCW, City of Kent Code 12.15.060, and Covington City Code Chapter 19.50 "Fire
Impact Fees". The funding plan as part of this report has been updated and balance d through 2027 .
The underlying premise of this document is as the community within the Puget Sound RFA service
area continues to grow, additional resources will be required to adequately serve the growing
demand for fire & life safety services. The goal of this Plan is to identify the next six years of
community growth, determine the need for additional facilities, determine their cost and prioritize
those resources into a 6-year funding plan (2022 - 2027) to ensure adequate service delivery prior
to, or concurrently with, the impacts of development within the service area. This Plan update uses
data available through 2021, to evaluate level of service performance and the progress toward
implementation of the 20L4'2033 CFEP.
The RFA reviews and considers land use patterns and determinations provided by jurisdictions
within Puget Sound Fire's service area. The RFA uses historical growth data provided by the Office of
Financial Management to determine current population estimates and projections to 2027. This
approach is reliable for fire service planning since it looks toward actual growth. However, as data is
available from the Puget Sound Regional Council and updated Comprehensive Plans are provided by
the Cities of Kent and Covington, the RFA will reevaluate its approach to determine future growth.
The greatest impacts for the RFA and its community in2020-202'J- are undoubtedly from the historic,
worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. As cases of COVID increased within the community, the RFA
reprioritized its resources and efforts and joined forces with other regional EMS agencies to help
ensure a healthy and safe community. Emergency personal responded to sick residents and provided
COVID testing and vaccinations, while the RFA also provided program administration, logistical
solutions and staffing in the regional effort to overcome the pandemic.
Consequently, the cost of goods and materials that the RFA depends on for construction, continued
use, replacement and expansion have increased exponentially due to the pandemic. As a result,
baseline impact fees have increased in line with updated2021, costs associated with funding the
capital resources required to maintain fire service concurrency. For purposes of this plan, capital
improvements are defined as real estate, structures or collective equipment purchases anticipated to
have a cost of $5,000 or more and an expected useful life of at least 3 years,
The need for resources is best outlined in the Master CFEP, and the RFA's Mitigation and Level of
Service Policy ILOS Policy), of which Attachment A of this update amends Appendices A, B and C to
demonstrate updated impact fees for 2022-2027. This document also includes an updated capacity
analysis in Table 4 and 5 which show average daily resource availability'
PSRFA 2022 - 2027 Capital Improvement Plan ffi llPage
2Ba und and Demographics
The Puget Sound Regional Fire Authority, also known as Puget sound Fire (PSF), is an independent
special purpose district legally formed under Chapter 52 of the Revised Code of Washington
providing fire and rescue services to nearly 109 square miles of urban and rural area' Services
provided are delivered 24 hours per day, 365 days per year through career firefighters and support
staff. Services delivered by the RFA include fire suppression, fire prevention/code enforcement, fire
investigations, emergency medical services (EMSJ, non-emergent medical services through the FD
CARES program, hazardous materials response, specialized rescue services, emergency management
services, and public education in fire prevention and life safety'
The current service area includes the cities of Covington, Kent, Maple Valley and SeaTac, as well as
unincorporated areas of King County within Fire Districts 37 and 43. Generally, the RFA's service
area borders Renton and Tukwila to the north, the Cascade foothills to the east, Auburn to the south
and Burien, Des Moines and Federal Way to the west. Current202l population of the RFA service
area is estimated at234,54L.1
This update utilizes the service standards adopted by Puget Sound Fire in its 2019 Standard ofCover
(SOC). These standards are used to identify gaps in service compared to adopted standards and guide
capital resource planning to help close this gap and sustain and/or improve current services while
concurrently absorbing the service impacts of new development and community growth. The
resources identified in this 6-year plan work toward implementing the deployment strategies
identified in the RFA's 2074 - 2035 Master CFEP, 2019 Standard of Cover and LOS Policy.
Fire service capacity is evaluated upon the ability of current deployed resources to meet established
Ievels of service. For example, a fire station with three apparatus bays and the infrastructure required
to support three or more emergency response units has reserve capacity when only one or two units
are staffed and deployed from that station. Additionally, a specific response resource that meets its
level of service objectives and is reliably available for service at least as often as it is expected to meet
its level of service objective, has reserve capacity. The RFA's goal is to deliver service at adopted
levels, nine times out of 10, or a service expectation that meets adopted standards 900/o of the time'
Fire service capacity is also measured with consideration of future growth and the fire service
capacity that future growth will erode when built.
This Plan identifies:
o The current and projected demographics ofthe Puget Sound RFA service area.
r The inventory of existing capital facilities.
o The recent historical performance to the adopted standards.
o The need for additional resources over the next six years.
o The funding plan to implement the needed resources through2027.
1 Washington State Office of Financial Management April 2021with estimates of fire district 37's
unincorporated area based upon housing counts and 3 persons per dwelling
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PSRFA 2022 - 2027 Copital lmprovement Plon -6;ffi
2.L SeaTac Service Area
The RFA provides fire-based services to the City of SeaTac through a contract for service that began
fanuary 1,2014. SeaTac's area covers approximately 10 square miles surrounding the Port of Seattle
Airport and has a 2027 population of 29 ,890.
Two fire stations owned by SeaTac are leased and operated by the RFA under the service contract'
All other capital resources previously owned by SeaTac prior to 2014have been transferred to the
ownership of the RFA. As a condition of the service contract, SeaTac provides an annual capital
payment to the RFA for funding the equipment that was transferred but has retained responsibility
forthecapitalcostsoffirestations. Consequently,thisplandoesnotaddresscapitalfirestationneeds
in the SeaTac service area.
2.2 King County Fire District #43 / Maple Valley Service Area
PSF provides fire-based services to King County Fire District #43 (FD43) through a contract for
service that began October 1, 2018. The FD43 area covers approximately 51 square miles and
includes the City of Maple Valley, the areas of Hobart and Ravensdale, as well as a large
unincorporated area of rural land. The 2021 population of the FD43 and Maple Valleyarea is 44,B9Iz'
Six (6) fire stations are owned by FD43. Three stations are currently unstaffed volunteer stations
that remain part of FD43. The other three stations are operated by the RFA under the service
contract. Most other capital resources previously owned by Maple Valley prior to 2018 have been
transferred to the ownership of the RFA, As a condition of the service contract, FD43 continues to
fund fire stations and provides an annual capital payment to the RFA to assist funding other resource
needs.
2 Based upon the Office of Financial Management and 2010 census housing occupancy counts in
unincorporated areas. See also Table 2.
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PSRFA 2022 - 2027 Capital Improvement Plon
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3 CommuniW Growth and Impacts of Growth 2022 - 2027
In the post-Great Recession years from 2010 to 2016, Puget Sound Fire's population grew at its
slowest 6-year rate in more than 30 years. Despite the recession, population growth within the
legacy (Kent & Fire District 37) service area grew on average 1.43o/o per year from 2011 to 2021- with
Covington experiencing a slightly higher growth rate than Kent. Alternatively, the unincorporated
areas grew by less than a halfpercent per year (See Table 2).
Over the past five years [2016 - 2020) annual service demand grew in all urban areas as shown in
Table 1 below. Some areas experienced a minor decline in incident count in 2020 due to reduced
traffic volumes and other anomalies during the COVID pandemic'
Table 1: lncident Growth - 20L6 - 2O2O
Table 2: Housing and Population Growth Projections3
3 Figures for 2O27 are counts from the Office of Financial Management; 2027 is based upon an
average growth rate from 10-year historic data provided by OFM.
ffi
!I%2.23%1,580 r,618 1,635 r,644Covington1,479
t7,720 I%o.15%t7,719 17,844 \8,244Kent\7,586
5L5 t9o/o 3.72%507 498 51LKing Co Dist 37 435
1,,561 60/o 1.I8o/o1,559 1,508 L,572Maple Valley 1,474
r,28t 22o/o 4.33o/o1,,239 1,096 '1,,203King Co Dist.43 1,053
4,690 6%t.20%4,612 4,658 4,840SeaTac4,425
o.73%28,005 27,4L2 4o/o27,2L6 27,222Total26,452
PopulationHousing
Units Population Housing
Units
9,662 23,L357,228 20,890Covington
L4L,734L32,40O 50,t14Kent48,795
23L5 6,9882,23O 6,550King Co Dist 37
30,80327,570 17,438Maple Valley 9,648
L7,23L 5,633 t7,4O4King Co Dist. 43
Unincorporated 5,558
3t,705LO,943 29,89O Ll,o75SeaTac
25L,76984,402 234,541 90,237Total
PSRFA 2022 - 2027 Copital lmprovement Plan
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The Puget Sound Regional Council's regional plan "Vision 2040," identifies Kent as both a residential
and commercial/industrial growth center, making it likely that growth rates in Kent will exceed the
past 20-year rate of 1.35o/o per year. When PSRC releases their projected population rates, the RFA
will reevaluate the service area growth rate methodology and projections.
Looking forward, an additional unpopulated area of approximately B0 acres was annexed into the
City of Covington in 20'1.6, now known as the soon-be-developed 2I4'acre LakePoint Urban Village
on the far east edge of the RFA's service area, with an anticipated 1,500 housing units and over
850,000 SF of commercial space to be developed within the next six years.
Table 3 below provides both a low and high range estimate of commercial growth. Continued growth
at the 2013 to 2016 rate of 7.35o/o per year is the "Low" estimate for 2023 and 2035, and the "High"
estimate uses a growth rate of 1.98% per year and more closely relates to market growth prior to the
Great Recession and current growth rates. Both estimates are dependent upon buildable lands and
future market rates. These rates do not include the LakePoint development in Covington, which will
be assessed at time of development approval and completion.
Table 3: Commercial Growth Rates 2015 & 2018 with estimateslor 2023 & 2035
3.1 Growth Remains Consistent with the2OL4-2O33 Master CFEP
The pattern of growth and estimates of future impacts on service demand remain consistent with the
2014 - 2033 Master Capital Facilities & Equipment Plan for the legacy Puget Sound Fire service area.
As a result of this evaluation, the formula for projected new dwelling units and commercial square
footage estimates used in calculating impact fees shown in Table 9 remain as used in previous
versions.
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Low Estimate High EstimateActualLow Estimate High EstimateActual
77,289 r04,17866,706 69,689 76,83O64,995
PSRFA 2022 - 2027 Capital lmprovement Plan
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4 PSF Service Level Performance
4.t Response Performance Findings
Reliability is typically used as an indicator to monitor the need for additional resources. Reliability
at or above 95% indicates reserve capacity. This is shown in Table 4 below as "Green." As reliability
falls below 950/o (displayed as light green to yellow) it is time to begin planning for the deployment
of additional resources to handle the increasing workload. Reliability below 90% (displayed as red)
prevents achievement of response standards.
Stations with reliability displayed in red have high unit hour utilization and are considered in
resource exhaustion at those times. Resource exhaustion begins to impact surrounding fire station
response units. As neighboring response units are drawn in to cover for areas in resource exhaustion,
a ripple effect spreads outward with the consequence of longer response times as units must travel
out of their home area to cover the deficient area. This ripple continues to spread during peak
demand hours moving out to other fire stations and often to other jurisdictions.
Station TL reliability improved from 2018 to 2019. The improvement is due to deployment and
staffing of an additional aid car (A370) beginning in2019.This illustrates how system improvements
can impact the communities PSF serves.
Table 4: Resource Exhausted Stations in 20L8 - 2020
-<;-*\,-m
Hour
94.99%94.33"4 9456%00:00
94.O7%01:00 94.04%94.25%
93J5%94.70%02:00
94.80o/o94.96%03:00 94.67%
04:00
94,27"/o 94.U%05:00 94.38%
94.23%93.7t%93.5O%94.41%94.L4o/o06:00
93.9r%92.70%9t.22%93.08%94.66%07:00 93.86%92.35%
94.A4%92.75%9t.o5%94.76%94.68%93.56"/o 94.24%92,62%9t-4Lo/6 9t.97%92.2I"/o08:00
94.46%94.35o/o 93.27%92.O4%92.55%92,460/.91..77o/o 94.52o/o92.70%93.06%92.21%09:00
94.OO%92.06%9L.t4%94.07%93.20"/o91.53%92,21%92.L5%92.68%10:00 90.48%
9L.s8%92.74%9L.s6%93.62%93.47%91.40%9t.LV/o 93.L9%11:00 90.o:to/.
92.82%93.L8o/o 93.69"/o 90.88.4 92.07%90.74%9t.63%90.s8%9135%90,A7o/oL2:OO
9L,TL%90,72%93,O7"/o90.6L%93.20%93.O3%9L.73%93.O5%91.27/o13:00
91,.860/0 93.26%9r36%92.7t%92.74%92.68o/09t,otoa 9'..45%14:00 90.SVo
92.s9%90.5e/.91..3t%92.56%90.63%92.3L%90.L2%9t.9to/o15:00
90.260/.9t.8lo/o 92,64"/.92.O4%91.97o/o90.oL%90.65%16r00
91".02%90.02"/.9339%93.06%9t.s4%91.t4%90.74o/o17:00
9t.92%92.74o/o 92.59%9t.88%9L.79%91.L6%18:00
93.O5%94.67%9r.o9%90.22%93.04%93.65%9O,56o/"90.49%91.59%19:00 91.260/0
94.5t%9L.85%9L,4t%94.60%93.7L%92.83o/o9L,OL%92.O5%9!,Sff/o 92.L8%20:00 90.92%91".52%
91.85%94.6o0/o 93.7L%92.8?%9451%92.OSo/o 9t,5V/.92.L8%91,.4Lo/o90.92%9L.52%9t.or%21:00
94.84%99.14%94.59%92.74o/o93.88%93.9s%92.95%92.99%92.25%22:OO 92.47%
23:00
93.49%94.69%94.68o/"9?.5L%94,19o/o9?.OA%92.s8%92.4Lo/o9'..90%91..7L%92.25%92.84"/oDaily Avg.
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PSRFA 2022 - 2027 Copitol lmprovement PIan
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.:|t\flailv Awp23:0022:OO21:OO2n'no19:0018:OO17:OO16:OO1t:OO14:0013:0012:0011:001O:OOO9:OOOR:OOO7:OOO6:OOO5:OO04:00O3:OOO2:OOO1:OOOO:OOllou rAreaY€r rPuget Sound Regional Fire Authority Area Station Reliabilitv94 \10/"96.69%94.06%92.27V"92.27%92.93%9rl-610/"91.ago/"91.61%9L.O3%92.3t%9\.390/o92.19y"92.tto/"92-9\o/"q1rl10/"9s.14%9S-210/"q6,7ro/"96.96%96.O3%95.870l.g5_980/"q5 qqol^SeaTac2018q1 R60l.96.57%94.t6y"9?.25V"q?, 210/^92.45o/o9l"agv"91-2\o/"91-)70/"91 6?0/"92.31%92.6L%92.27o/o92.r30/"9?-\]o/"9?'-480/"q1 qtrol"94-44y"95.280/"q6-120/.96.52%96.42%96,2fl0/"94.9tV"q6 iao/^Kentq6 qtol"97.2t%95.7So/"94.90y"94 9rl0/^94.I2o/o9?.A?y"9A-OOo/"94.26%qa,770/"93.\40/o94.53%93.52o/o94.340/"9?-760/"qE-110/"qs no%96.44%97-780/"s7.MV"97.23%97.610/"97,SOo/"q7 -s70/"q7 670/"Covingtonq6 610/^9a35%97.t60/"96-?O./"96.30%96.200/"95-7So/"sa.2\v"9q,))v"9q 16q"94.74%95.76%95.77%95.120/"95.180/"q6-120/"96 610/"97.24%97-330/"qn,o10l"98'.6to/,98.01%98,060/"97.95y"gn-oq0/"MapleValleyqa 610/^97.O7o/o95.Otv69?-gfo/"ql q 10l^93.60%92.51o/"q) 360/"92.57%92.74o/o92.67%93.49o/o93.O1%9?.140/"9?.44V"qL-140/"qL s70/"95.49%96.lto/"q6.85%97.L6o/"96.8s%96,71o/"q6-6,J0/"q6 1io/^SystemWideq7, d90/.96.47%94.O20/"gt-480/"93.4A%9r.94y"90-240/"qo-08%9L.tO%91.76%92.40%9L.7L%9r.35%97.650/"9t.63y"91 910/"91 940/"94.26V"94-8]o/"q6-1Ao/"96.47o/"96.44%96,0,60/"gE-55%96 01%SeaTac2')ls9L F,10/^96.92%95.660/"94-580/"94.5A%93.680/"92.79y"97 9)o/"93.00%92.2A%93.OLo/,92.92%93.ra%92-890/"9?.53y"qL ))o/.94 R70/"95-460/"96.Oq%q6-500/"97.t9o/"96.46%96.590/"96-Lto/"qS-q1o/4Kentqq ?qol^97.630/"93-660/"94-960/"94-96%94.Slo/"94-220/"q) coo/"92.60%92.89%9s.L6%95.45%94.44%94-290/"94.SSy"q\.1)o/"ql q10l"94.970/"96.800/"97-O o/"97.630/"97.19%96-7lo/"97 -120/"97 '70/^Covingtonq6 q?9/^98.57o/o97 -?40/"96-420/"96.32%96.220/"93-460/"qa \\o/"95.4a%94.aL%94.66%95.570495.160/"94.800/"96-O20/"q6 a,Lo/"q1 110/^96-AO%97.45V"97-66V"9A3r%98'.080498.O70/"97 -q70/"q7 e10/^MapleValleyqa qqo/^97.38o/"93-72V"94-810/"94.43%94.O20/"91-770/"q) 670/"93,LSo/o92.a4%93.60%93.62%93.390/.9f -300/"91.8'40/"9L 190/"q1 i'ro/^95.4So/"96_?to/"s6-76V"97.35%97,O3y"96-8Ao/"96-720/"c6 q7v^SystemWide94 6)0/^97.290493,.7rV"92,\80/"92.sA%90.060/.91-490/"91 790/"91.24%9L.L7%92.L6%92.14y"91.940/"92-]90/"92-170/"97 760/"qa, 1 10/"95.170/"96-08%q5-55%96.35%96.380/"96,t10/"91-460/"qt qlo/"SeaTacmz,Jqa ))o/^96.91%94.240/"qa-110/"93.3L%92.440/"92-O70/"q1 q40/"9L.64%92.66%9L.98o/o92.35y"92.gAy"9?.220/"q3.3gol"q4, o\o/^94.La%95-620/"96,590/"96-\*o/"97.030/696.31o/o95.96V"96-280/"q6 19V"Kentq< nnc/^97.83o/"95.5a%qt-120/"95.L2%93.430/"9a-140/"q) ooo/"92.9t%94.14%92.620/o92.330/"93.Sto/"qa.97v"94.\10/"q4 i4/^94.70%96-160/"q6-s70/"q6.q5%97.65o/o97.t20/"s6.75V"96.870/"q1 o90/"Covingtonq6 ?10l.97.770/"96,25o/"qs-980/"95.980/.95.10%94-6Ro/"qa R60/"94.63%95.80o/o94.66%95-22o/d94.95o/"95.820/"g5_6q%qq 96%96.40%97-36y"97 -?qo/"97 -6q./^9437%97.840/"q7 -LEo/"97.74V"q7 1qq^MapleValleyqa 7)o/^97.?20/"94.81o/"q4 070/"94.07%92-700/"q) -1Lo/"9) 610/"92.47%93.37%92.42%93.060/"93-290/"9?.790/"9f -840/"qL L)o/"94.77y"96.O20/"q6-7004,c6',696/^97.29%96.830/"96.SAV"q6-550/"q6 L10/"SystemWideffi,oUEooEoa_cUNa\oNIe\NoN.ita-IdAlori)ruo?F
5 Capital Facilities
PSF capital resources consist of fire stations and facilities, fire apparatus (vehicles use d for fire and
rescue work), staff vehicles and related equipment, tools and personal protection equipment needed
to provide fire and rescue services safely and legally.
5.1 Fixed Facilities
5.1.1 Fire Stations - Kent/District 37 Service Area
Puget Sound Regional Fire Authority owns and maintains eight fire stations (Stations 7I,72,73,74,
25,76,77,and 78) located throughout the service area (not including Maple Valley or SeaTac) as
identified in Tabte 6 and the map in Figure L shown below, The average fire station is over 30 years
old with the capacity for three emergency response apparatus, Currently, only stationsTl and74
maintain more than one front line response apparatus with minimum staffing Ievels. Seven of eight
stations have some reserve capacity in the form of apparatus bays and dorm rooms. However, to
utilize this capacity, additional climate-controlled space is required to house reserve apparatus,
alternative response vehicles, and other associated equipment that is currently stored in existing
apparatus bays.
Table 5: Facility / Station lnventory - Existing Puget Sound Regional Fire Authority Stations
ffi
2010 Fair10.858 575O4 Wpst Crow St 1.0571
F:ir3920100.91 7.77275620 140th Ave SEStation 72
Gond3120704.69 13.000Station 7l 25512 Militarv Road S
Good75 65?31 Lease 20L08.55Stntion 74 24611 115th Ave SE
I p:se ?01 0 Good1).475 314.18Station 7S 15635 SE 272ndSt
20TO Good13.104 327O6767)nrl Ave S 2.80Station 75
20to Good15.900 207O717 1?)nrl Ave SE 1.9877
Gnodt220103.10 17.5851 7820 SE 256th StStation 78
I pasp ?01 5
I
6.766
rr##,flIr
Station 45
Sub-TotalI
301"1 S 200th st Good
32rilFl#t
60.81
27.37@
I ease )O14 Good)4.600 T21,.23Station 46 3s21 S 170th St
20SE
Fair10 g)1 34 N/A1,.78Station 81 222255E 231st St
N/A Fair).4\)560.91Station 83 27250 276th Ave SE
43
N/A Fai r1.49 2.6s6 392751 C SF Kent Kanslev Rda2
Fair55N/Ao.42 3.00016855 194th Ave SEStation 84 lnw38N/A4.32 2.7r2Stafian 85 27605 SE 208th St
7.768 446.23Sub-Totel
t79.raq 3239.20Total
PSRFA 2022 - 2027 Copital lmprovement Plan
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5.1.2 Future Station ProPerties
Puget Sound RFA currently owns two undeveloped properties within the City of Kent that will both
house new fire stations (proposed stations 70 and 79). Station 70 is currently in the design phase.
Additional land acquisition is required to continue Station 79 development. District 43 owns an
unincorporated, undeveloped property within the Atkinson neighborhood as a potential new station
site.
Table 7: Facility / Station lnventory - Existing PSRFA Property for Future Station Development
5.1.3 SupportFacilities
Support facilities include space for emergency management functions, training, apparatus & vehicle
maintenance, facilities maintenance, planning, information technology, CARES, logistics, and a
roadway. An inventory of these facilities is found in Table B below.
Table 8: Facility / Station lnventory - Existing Puget Sound RFA Support Facilities
-r6t?-
ffi+
Lando.29 20to21600 108th Ave SEBenson Station (79)
Land1,.23 2008407 Washington Ave SValley Station (70)
Land
1.52
4.32
I
2006244L6SE 216th St
Sub-Total
Hobart Station (861
4.32Sub-Total
Lands.84Total
Fair3005020to5O4 Wpst Crow St Station 71Hose Tower
)4611 I 74523 116th Ave Station 74
3.920 31Police/Fire Trainins Center
?1 I ease 2010 Good4,652Drill Tower
16 2005 Good1.152Recruit Classroom
Station 75Fecilities Workshoo 1.5635 SE 272ndSt
Gnod10 R65 32 2010?O678 77nd Ave S Station 76Fire Garape
Good).a60 58 20ro24425 1 1 6th Ave SE 0.23Academv lnstructor Office
)01)Good7A.320 537081 1 84th Ave S 5.82Office Annex
Suite 110Finance/EMS
Suite 112 & 114B.t.T.s.
Wellness Center Suite 116
Kinp Countv E-911 Suite 103 & 1-05
SKCFTC/KCM1 Suite 102 & 106
Srritp 108
Srrite 1 11SKCFTC Multi Puroose Room
)01?GoodN/A 24.O00 558q20 s 208th st.LoEistics
40 2000 GoodN/A 5.000400 West Gowe St.Communitv Risk Reduction
14 N/A LowN/A 2.00022225 SE 231st StDistrict 43 Fire Garase (St 81)
396.05 133,069Total
PSRFA 2022 - 2027 Capital lmprovement Plon
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\IF:-1fJUIICt!hdI,tt\FIRElntegrity.lnnovation.PUGET SOUND REGIONAL FIRE AUTHORITYlnclusion2021 Basemaffi rsmr ri* sr"un.tl rsnrrsmiet"E hcoryrddcnbUnii.@dd &9&unlt3obo(o;FlffiBo-OJEOJoa.E5a.6(JNc\oNINNoNEqa-CL(!E6o,o.9ortllCLjouaiI.' Stalron 453011 S 200 SrS€aTac. WA 98198Istation 70r/1504 W Crow StKent WA 98032Station 7326512 lrilitary Rd SKent. WA 98032Isialion 46/473521 S 170 StSeaTac. WA 98188I Station 7620676 72 Ave SKenl. WA 98032f Shtion 7225620 140 Ave SEKenl. WA98042lstation 7817820 SE 256 StCovington, WA 98042Station 74 - PSRFA Headquarters24611 116Ave SEKent. WA98030station 80 :station 81 lslatEn 8323775 SE 264th St 22225 SE 231st St 27250 216th Ave SE[4aple Valley, WA 98038 Maple Valley, WA 98038 Maple Valley. WA 98038024Station 7515635 SE 272 StKent. WA 98042Istation 77207'17 132 Ave SEKont, WA 98042c€ds: PSRFAV Ulley C@ GIs, Kng & GIS, M. t. heDate Cr€tedi 8/2412021
6 2022-2027 Need for Capital Resources and Effects on Impact Fees
Resource exhaustion to PSF's response standards occurs daily in most areas of Kent and some areas
of Covington and SeaTac. As growth occurs, future reliability is expected to continue its decline. This
will lead to steadily increasing response times unless strategies for additional resources and the
staffing they require can be funded and deployed.
6.1 Planned Capital Funding 2OL4 - 2033
The 2014 - 2033 PSRFA Master Capital Facilities and Equipment Plan identified the need for more
than $87 million in capital investments to maintain fire service concurrency through 2033. However,
escalating construction costs and inflationary increases have outpaced those savings and increased
the overall capital funding need. The current cost ofthe total 2014 Master PIan has increased from
$87.1,4 million in2014 to $114.7 million in2021. The largest portion of this increase comes from
hard construction costs for needed fire stations and the effects ofinflation.
(r.1. L Planned Capital Expenses 2,022 - 2027
Table 9 identifies the capital expenses to be incurred between 2022 and 2027 based upon current
priorities and levels of service. This table will be updated to reflect current priorities and level of
service needs as an accompaniment to each 6-Year CIP update.
Table 9: Six Year (2022-20271 Capital Expenses and Revenues
Sources
t2
ffi
Totals2026
ss,000 ss,0oo
2027
s 1,000
2023 2024
s2,oooStation Construction & Land Purchase
SourceCost/Fundi
ss,7so
2025
51,262
2022
s2,7Ls $10,189Sos440s2,883 s2,9s1 sr.,200Apparatus
52,234s3sr.s2s1 s2s1.s466 $306ss2eEquipment
ss0 $so s488s182Sso$sosr.06Asset Preservation
S61o 54,34Ls6s8s61os6os51,012 S8o6l.T. Capital
Sz,49oit,atq51725L72s47272nd Ave S Extension and Benson Station Debt
Revenue Sources
54,924 s17s64ss4,860 52,728s2,oss s2,108Annual Revenue to Capital
$432$o 5o So5so5284SgsSale of Surplus Property/Equipment
s1,23s 5t,28s $7,003s1,0e8 sL,r42 51.,187s1,0s6Covington lmpact/LOS Fees
52,448 S14,180s2,346 52,37e s2,41.4s2,280 s2,313Kent lmpact Fees
5767SoSo$os767SoSoKing County Radio Program
ss
58,666 $39,254
$s2I5s
55,577
$s
$4,426
SgI
$8,43s
Ss
56,264
Apparatus Shop Overhead Fees
Expense
SgI
$6,386
Sg9,ls4s5,386 S8,666$s,s77 $4,426 S8,43ss6,264Revenue
So SoSoSo5oSo5oBalance
PSRFA 2022 - 2027 Capitol lmprovement Plan
11 lPage
6.2 Progress toward Planned Capital Purchases
As a result of the Great Recession and the uncertainty of the economy during that time, PSF delayed
some planned equipment purchases between 20\4 and 201,6 and placed funding toward the new
Valley and Benson stations on hold. In 2018, an additional property was purchased for the Benson
Station and The Valley Station is now scheduled for completion in 2025. The Benson station is
projected to be operational in 2028. Allasset preservation projects, equipment needs, and apparatus
are now scheduled for funding and replacement through2027 '
6.3 Capital Improvement Plan Effects on Impact Fees
Impact fees are established in the Puget Sound Regional Fire Authority Mitigation and Level of
Service Policy in Appendix A, using a formula based upon the cost of capital needs and service
demand by property type, An addendum to the Policy's Appendices A, B and C is included in this CIP
update as Attachment A. Total funding needs have increased in this update resulting in a slight
increase fless than l3o/ofor new residential development since 2018, which is less than the projected
CPI increase from 2017 -2022) in impact fees displayed in Appendix A. The formula has also been
updated to reflect more recent response data'
6.4 Impact Fees Applied
Fire Impact fees have been collected as part of the Master Capital Facilities and Equipment Plan in
the Cities of Kent and Covington for the benefit of the Puget Sound Regional Fire Authority
community since 2014. Since 2014, PSF has utilized over $1.2M in impact fees to fund capital
purchases that enhances the health and safety of the community. Collected Impact Fees/LOS fees
have been allocated to:
r Asset Preservation
. Apparatus purchase
o Capital Equipment purchases
o Jlnd Ave S. Extension
o Land acquisition for new Fire Station sites
ffi
PSRFA 2022 - 2027 Copitol lmprovement Plan
12lPage
ATTACHMENTA
AppuNorx A
LEVEL OF SERVICE & IMPACT FEE FORMULAS
LOS Formula Definitions
o Land Use Type: Land use types and structure uses that impact fees are assessed on.
. System wide C&E: The construction and equipment costs for the 20-year time span of the Puget
Sound RFA's Master Capital Facilities and Equipment Plan. This cost is updated based on a
combination of updated 6-year capital need changes and consumer price index (CPI) increases'
. Res/Com Split: Percentage of annual emergency responses by property type; Residential = 60%0,
Commercial = 40o/o.
r Usage Factor: The portion of Res/Com Split that emergency response resources are used by a
specific property type.
o ERF Factor: The ERF or effective response force factor represents the size of the first alarm
emergency response in numbers of firefighters and equipment that is needed to effectively handle
the risk posed by that property type.
o New Dev Share: Represents the portion of C&E costs assigned to new development. The remaining
portion is to be paid for by the RFA through annual tax collections.
o Proiected New Units: Defines the number of new units projected to be constructed within Puget
Sound Regional Fire Authority service area between20l'4 and 2035'
. Impact Fee Amount: Represents the maximum fee to be paid by new development for each specific
property type. This fee amounl may be reduced by 30% for single-family homes only if an automatic
sprinkler system is installed voluntarily.
LOS Formula Calculation
Projected New
Units 2014 - 2035 lmpact FeeRes/Com
Split
Usage
Factor
ERF
Factor
New
Dev
Share
tand Use Type System wide
c&E
sr.,989.s054%7.13Single-Family 15,884 Units
s2,r00.L2
/ Unit60%
46%1".4
80%5t1.4,707,712
Multi-Family
s1.9723%2.75 8s%Commercia/lndustrial
sr..81295%26%Hospital/Medical Clinic/
Civic/School/Church
s2.20395%2r%Senior Living/Assisted Care
/SF
9s%
12,500,000 sF
S1.3e
40%
20%2Service - Hotel/Restaurant/Etc
sLL4,707,7L2
ffi
PUGET SOUND
REGIONAL FIRE AUTHORITY
INTERNATIONALLY ACCREDITED FIRF AGENCY
Impact Fee category [check one] and rate:
Single-Family
Multi-Family
Optional Fee Credit for Single-Family OnIy:
Sprinklers installed voluntarily [circle one):
Project Permit #
Apprruolx B
Puget Sound Regional Fire Authority
Impact Fee Calculation for New Residential Development
Date of Analysis Project Address
Project City:Land Parcel #
Impact fee rate:
Impact fee rate:
YES: 30%
$1.989.90/ Unit
52.100.12 / Unit
NO: 0olo
Total Fee Calculationr
Impact Fee Rate
Residential units in development x
Total impact fee amount
New Residential Impact Fee to be assessed:
Total impact fee amount $- optional fee credit for SFR
-70
-$
Use for Multi-Family Only
$
Multi-Family Common Space Calculation:
Total Common Space in develoPment
Credit for Residential units in development t+
-urrir,
* so sp)
Common Space area to be assessed
Commercial/lndustrial Impact fee rate:
qF
x $1.e7 /SF
Common Space ImPact Fee amount $
Total New Multi-Family Impact Fee to be assessed:
New Residential IF amount $+ Common Space IF amount $
s
ffi
PUGET SOUND
REGIONAL FIRE AUTHORITY
INTERNATIONALLY ACCR[DITID FIR[ AG[NCY
Apprruotx C
Puget Sound Regional Fire Authority
Impact Fee Calculation for New Commercial Development
Date of Analysis Project Address
Project City:Land Parcel #
Project Permit #
Impact fee rate; $1.97/ SF
Impact fee category and rate:
Commercial/lndustrial
H ospital/Medical/Civic/
School/Church
Senior Living/Assisted Care
Service-Hotel/Restaurant/Etc.
Total fee calculation:
Impact fee rate
Square footage of development
Impact fee rate:
Impact fee rate:
Impact fee rate:
$1.81 / SF
s2.20 / sF
$1.39 / SF
X
Imnact fee to be assessed:
Total impact fee amount = $-
ffi
Blessing of the Fire Engines
New Engine 77 (above) and New Engine 47 (below) Blessed and placed into service October 1'3,2019
Ii *i
ffi'
FIRE
PUGET SOUND REGIONAT FIRE
AUTHORITY
Mitigation and
Level of Serwice PolicY
for Fire Service Concurrency
Updored October 6, 2A21
Intentionally left blank
Puget Sound Regional Fire Authority
Mitiga tion and Level of Service PolicY
This document was prepared and implemented through the collaboration and work of the
fottowing leadership personnel, key staff members and their associates:
Fire Chief
Matthew Morris
Assistant Chief
Brian Carson
DeouWt ChieI
MarkJones
Division Chiefs
Pat Pawlak - Facilities
Sean Penwell - Business Information and Technology Services
GISAnabrst
Savanna Nagorski
PSRFA 2022 Mitigation and Level of Service Policy
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ilPage
This plan has been implemented through the following Resolution and the Board
Members identifed below :
PUGET SOUND
REGIONAL FIRE AUTHORITY
II']TERNATIONALTY ACCR[DITED FIRT AG[NCY
Professionally and
compassionale ly help ing people
RESOLUIION NO. I79
APPROVAT OT 2022 PUGEI SOUND RFA MITIGATION & LEVEL OF SERVICE POLICY
Bqckground:
l. Puget Sound Regionol Fire Authority "Puget Sound Fire" hos determined,
consistent with the Stote Growth Monogemenf Act, thot uncoordincted ond
unplonned growth poses o threot to the heolth. sofety. ond high quolity of life
enjoyed by residents of Puget Sound Fire; ond
2. Pugel Sound Fire is committed to ensuring thot Puget Sound Fire focilities ond
equipment necessory to support development ond growth within Puget sound
Fire ore cdequote to serve development of the time development occurs
wiihout decreosing current service levels; ond
3. pugel Sound Fire is commiited to o "concurrency" philosophy io service
delivery; meoning Fire ond emergency service copocity must grow
concunently with development; ond
4. Pugei Sound Fire hcs odopted level of service policies ond response stondords;
ond
5. Puget Sound Fire connot meet the current level of service stondord in Puget
Sound Fke; ond
6. New development is eliminoting the copocity of Puget Sound Fire's response
resources even further; ond
7. Plocement of odditionol Fire stotions ond/or odditionol sioffed unils is the most
effective woy to reduce response times ond ochieve concurrency; ond
8. Puget Sound Fire connot fund the needed fociliiies ond equipment ond olso
provide for the costs of the operotion cnd mointenonce of Pugei Sound Fire;
ond
?. Pugel Sound Fire hos deiermined thot it is not in the public interest of the
residents ond properiy owners of Puget Sound Fire thot developments be
permitted to occur unless odequote fire ond life scrfety focilities, equipment,
ond personnel ore provided; ond
10. Puget Sound Fire is opposed 1o odditionol residentiol, commerciol, or industrial
development wiihin Puget Sound Fire boundories until Puget Sound Fire ccn
soiisfy the need for equipment, stotion facilities, ond personnel to support the
required level of service; ond
PSRFA 2022 Mitigation and Level of Service Policy
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ii lPage
Resoluiion 119 Adopting Updoled Mitigotion & Level of Service Policy Poge 2 ol 2
l1.Puget Sound Fire is not opposed io development ond desires to work with
developers .to ossure fire ond life sofety focilities, equipment, ond personnel
remoin concurrent with development; ond
'l2.Puget Sound Fire desires to provide developers with methods ond options to
sotisfy the environmentol impocts of proposed developments on public sofety.
13. Puget Sound Fire initiclly cdopted its Mitigotion & Level of Service Conlribution
Policy to oddress the qbove concerns in 2O1 4.
Resolulion: Now, THEREFORE BE lT RESOLVED by the Governonce Boord of Pugel
Sound Regionol Fire Authorily os follows:
1. The obove recitols ore found to be true ond correct.
2. The updoted 2022 Miligalion & Level of service contribuiion Policy. which
is ottoched hereto, is odopted os o policy of Puget Sound Fire ond reploces
the previous 2019 version.
3. The 2O22 Miligotion & Level of Service Contribution Policy sholl serve os o
Stote Environmentol Policy Acl 'SEPA" policy and os o Growth
Monogement Act 'GMA PolicY.
4. Stcff ond odministrotion shcll use ihe Miiigotion & Level of Service Policy for
guidonce in resolving SEPA ond lond use/GMA impocts lo fire ond life
scfety. However, should sioff reviewing o project deiermine thot there ore
specific ottributes of o project thoi moke ihis policy incdequote or
unworkoble. sioff is olso outhorized to require odditionol studies ond/or
environmentol review ond io offer odditionol opiions io developers that
moy foll outside the scope of ihis policy.
Adoplion: ADOPTED by the Governonce Boord of PUGEI SOUND REGIONAL FIRE
AUTHORITY of on open public meeting of such Boqrd on the 6rh doy of ociober
2O2l ,Ihe following Boord Members being present cnd voting:
KCFD#37 KCFD#43
(AdvisoryMember)
City of Seatac
(AdvisoryMember)
City of Covington
fAdvisory Member)
City of Kent
Allan BarrieToni Troutner
Margaret Harto Craig HooperErin SitterlySean Smith Bill Boyce
Jim ScottLes Thomas
PSRFA 2022 Mitigotion and Level of Service Policy
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iiilPage
This policy has been designed with huo distinct purposes in mind, first to inform the lay reader
regarding rssues critical to maintaining fire service concurrency and second, to provide
guidance to Puget Sound Regional Fire Authority's staff in implementing mitigations necessary
for maintaining fire service concurrency within the Pugetsound Regional Fire Authority service
area. The basis for impact and level of service contribution fees is derived from the revenues
needed to maintain fire service concurrency and are identified in Puget Sound Regional Fire
Authority's 2014-2033 Master Capital Fqcilities and Equipment Plan.
NEW DEVELOPMENT IN COVINGTON, SEATAC, AND KENT
PSRFA 2022 Mitigotion ond Level of Service Policy
ffiq'4Eria-
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Table of Contents
1.1..
L2.
1.3.
1.4.
1.5.
1..6.
1.7.
1.8.
1.9.
1.10.
7.Ll.
r.r2.
1..L3.
7.1.4.
1.15.
L.1.6.
1.1.7.
1.18,
1.19.
r.20.
T.2L.
1.22.
1..23.
7.24.
1..25.
1..26.
7.27.
1.28.
r.29.
1.30.
r.31.
1.32.
Accreditation: .....................
Accredited Agency:
Adopted
Alarm:.......
Alarm Processing Time
Authority Having f urisdiction:
Apparatus:
Call Stacking/Cascading Failure
Chief: Refers to the Fire Chief of Puget Sound Regional Fire Authority. ..........
Concentration: ................
Concurrency: ..................
Deployment
Dispatch Time: See Section 6.2 ........
Distribution: ..............
Drive Time:
Effective Response Force: .........
F-Box/Fire Box: ..........
Fire Flow..
Fire Impact Fee:.........
Fire Level of Service Fee:...........
Fire Service Concurrency: .........
FirstDue: See First-in (L.24)...
First Due Area:...........
First-in:
Fractile Performance:
First Full Alarm; ........
Impact:
Level of Service:
NFPA Standards
Reliability:.........
Resource Exhaustion
Response
I
I
I
I
I
1
1
I
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
aJ
J
J
aJ
J
J
J
J
^J
J
4
4
4
PSRFA 2022 Mitigotion ond Level of Service Policy
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Response District: .......
Risk:..........
Standard(s) of Cover:..
Total Response Time ..
2. Policy Statement...
3. Purpose Statement
4. Consistency with other Plans and PoIicies...............
5. Primary Responsibility of Puget Sound Fire............
6.1 Time and Emergencies.
6.2 Measured Components of Emergency Response .......
6.3 Flashover
I5.2.ltis not the intent of this policy to limit PSF's staff...
L.33.
L.34.
1.35.
t.36.
4
4
4
7
7
7
7
8
...................... 9
....................... 5
....................... 6
6,4 Brain Death in a Non-Breathing Patient......
7.1 National Fire Protection Association INFPA) Standard 17L0..
7.2 Center for Public Safety Excellence (CPSE) Standard of Cover
8.1 Washington State Law.
8.2. King County Standards
8.3. City of Covington and Kent Response Standards...'.'.......
8.4. Fire District 43 (Maple Valley Fire & Life Safety) City of SeaTac
L 0. 1 Substandard performance...............
11.1. Concepts of Fire Service Capacity and Cascading Failure:......'.'
1-1.2 Components of Response:
11.5. Mitigation Options: Residential, Commercial and Regional Commercial............28
l-2.1. Developer agreements....... ..'........30
L2.2.Basisfor Calculating Impact and Level of Service Fees (AppendixA):.............".30
........ l4
........15
........ t9
........19
........ l9
12
t9
24
25
27
32
34
34
13.1,1. Impact Fees & Mitigations
13.1.3. Impact and Level of Service Fee Reduction: '.'.'...... .......32
1,3.1..4. Determination of fee - Adjustments - Exception - Appeals.. .......'.33
13.1.5. Fee Collection Policy
1,3.1.6. Multi-Family common space credit
13.1.7 . Fee Exempt Properties ...................,
1 3. 1.8. Agreements....................,
14.1. PSF Funding Participation
L5.1. The safety and welfare of current and future residents ".'.."..."....... 38
.......35
.....36
.....37
,......38
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PSRFA 2022 Mitigation and Level of Service Policy
Table of Figures:
Figure 1: FIashover................
Figure 2: Time vs. Products of Combustion ..........'..
Figure 3: Cardiac Survival Rate
Figure 4: Cardiac Survival with CPR and Defibrillation
Figure 5: NFPA's Total Response Time Standards (minutes & seconds)
Figure 6: PSFA First Unit Arrival Service Standard-Urban Areas
Figure 7: PSFA First Unit Arrival Service Standard-Rural Areas.
Figure B: PSFA Minimum Effective Response Force Standard
Figure 9: PSFA Full First Alarm Response Force Standard...
Figure 10: PSF Reliability Objectives
Figure 11": Reliability Charts......
Acronyms
ALS:
BLS:
C&E:
CFAI:
CPSE:
EMS:
ERF:
GPM:
IAFC:
ICMA:
ISO:
PSF:
LOS:
MERF
NFPA:
PSAP:
RCW:
SEPA:
SOC:
Advanced Life Support
Basic Life Support
Capital and Equipment
Commission on Fire Accreditation International
Center for Public Safety Excellence
Emergency Medical Services
Effective Response Force
Gallons Per Minute (relates to fire flow)
International Association of Fire Chiefs
International City/County Management Association
Insurance Services Office
Puget Sound Fire Authority
Level of Service
Minimum Effective Response Force
National Fire Protection Association
Public Safety Answering Point
Revised Code of Washington
State Environmental Protection Act
Standard of Cover
-(6t-
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PSRFA 2022 Mitigation ond Level of Service Policy
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1. Definitions
L.L. Accreditation: Refers to the process of obtaining certification of competency and
credibility under the guidelines established by the Center for Public Safety
Excellence [CPSE).
L.2. Accredited Agency: Refers to a fire agency that has undergone an independent,
peer review and been recommended for Accredited Agency Status by a team of
assessors certified by the Center for Public Safety Excellence. Then, because ofthat
review, their case is presented to CPSE's Accreditation Commission, and if found
credible by a vote of the Commission, are awarded Accredited Agency status.
1.3. Adopted: Refers to the formal action taken by a governing body to accept and put
into effect an idea, method, or course of action'
1.4. Alarm: A signal or message from a person or system indicating the existence of an
emergency or other situation requiring an action by an emergency response agency.
1.5. Alarm Processing Time: See Section 6.2.
1.6. Authority Having furisdiction: Refers to the municipal entity having jurisdiction
for the enforcement of land-use and related building codes.
1-.7. Apparatus: Refers to various specialized vehicles such as fire engines, fire trucks,
ambulances, etc. that firefighters utilize during emergency responses.
1.8. Call Stacking/Cascading Failure: Refers to the occurrence of simultaneous
emergency calls. Call stacking occurs when more than one request for emergency
assistance occurs within the same fire station service area. When this occurs, the
primary response unit cannot answer the second emergency and a second fire unit
from the same station must respond or, a fire unit from a fire station farther away
responds. See 1..27 - Reliability
1.9. Chieft Refers to the Fire Chief of Puget Sound Regional Fire Authority
1.10. Concentration: Refers to the deployment or spacing of multiple fire and rescue
resources from within a fire service jurisdiction so that the proper number of
resources needed for an effective response force for all types of emergency
incidents can arrive at the scene of an emergency within the defined level of service
time.
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1.1-1. Concurrency: Concurrency refers to the twelfth goal of the Washington State
Growth Management Actl which requires public facilities and services necessary for
public safety to be adequate to serve new development without decreasing current
service levels below locally established minimum standards. WAC 365-196-210(7)
"Concurrency" means that adequate public facilities are available when the impacts
of development occur, or within a specified time thereafter'
1.12, Deployment: The strategic assignment and placement of fire agency resources
such as fire and EMS companies, fire stations and specific staffing levels for those
companies to mitigate community emergency events'
1.13. Dispatch Time: See Section 6.2
1.L4. Distribution: The deployment or "distribution" of fire stations and resources
across a fire service jurisdiction so that the adopted first-in drive time standard for
fire and rescue resources can be achieved.
1,15. Drive Time: The elapsed time needed for an emergency vehicle to travel to a
dispatched address. Drive time begins when the wheels of a fire apparatus begin to
roll in response to a dispatch and ends when the apparatus is parked at the scene
of the dispatched address.
1.16. Effective Response Force: Refers to the number of resources and personnel
needed to effectively provide fire or emergency medical services capable of
mitigating the known risk[s) in the community. The number of resources making
up an effective response force varies by type of emergency and level of risk.
1.17. F-Box/Fire Box: A geographic area usually a quarter section of land (1'/4 - mile
square) that is used to define the types, numbers and locations of fire and rescue
resources to be dispatched to an emergency. See 1.30 - Response District.
1.18. Fire Flow: The quantity of water available for fire protection purposes more than
that required for other purposes.
L.19. Fire Impact Fee: A fee authorized under Chapter 82.02 RCW that is assessed on
new development to pay a proportionate share of the costs associated with
maintaining fire service concurrency. Fire Impact fees must be adopted and
authorized by the local land use authority.
1 Found in RCW 36.70A.020 and defined in WAC 365-196-210(7)
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PSRFA 2022 Mitigation and Level of Service Policy
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1-,20. Fire Level of Service Fee: A fee that is used to mitigate the direct impacts new
development has upon fire services inside of a jurisdiction that has not adopted fire
impact fees, Fire level of service fees are consistent with the Growth Management
Act and applied through the SEPA process or in cooperation with the authority
having permitting jurisdiction under RCW 54.1B'1"10 and 82.02'020.
1.21. Fire Service Concurrency: See 1.9 - Concurrency.
1.22. FirstDue: See First-in (1'.24)
1,23. First Due Area: The response area of a jurisdiction that has been assigned to a
specific fire station and its emergency response units, generally because of its
ability to arrive at the scene of an emergency first compared to other areas of the
jurisdiction.
1.24, First-in: Refers to the first fire and rescue apparatus to arrive at the scene of an
emergency. Distribution performance is a measure of first-in drive time.
1.25. Fractile Performance: Refers to the percentile of time a specified performance
expectation is achieved. If an emergency response drive time of 5 minutes is the
standard, and it is achieved on 82 of 100 responses, the fractile or percentile
performance would be B2o/0.
1.26. First Full Alarm: Refers to the number of fire resources and personnel assigned to
a specific alarm type that can assemble an effective response force to mitigate the
alarm,
1,.27. lmpact: Refers to the drain on the capacity of emergency response resources and
their ability to maintain levels of service standards.
1.28. Level of Service: Level of service [LOS) refers to PSF's adopted response time and
performance expectations. Level of service expectations are established in PSF's
Standards of Cover document.
1.29. NFPA Standards: Codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides
developed by the National Fire Protection Association through a consensus
development process of the American National Standards Institute for fire
protection agencies.
(ffi')
'a*9-
PSRFA 2022 Mitigation and Level of Service Policy
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1.30, Reliabitity: Refers to the use of fire resource capacity. For a resource to be reliable,
it must be available to answer emergency calls as least as often as the service
expectation placed upon that resource. For instance, if a fire resource is expected
to deliver service at the adopted standard 90o/o of the time, then that resource
should be available to respond to an emergency incident from its assigned fire
station at least 90o/o of the time. Reliability levels below the adopted performance
expectation indicate resource exhaustion'
1.31. Resource Exhaustion: Resource exhaustion occurs when the demand for service
placed upon a fire service resource is so great, that its fractile reliability begins to
fall below the adopted level of service for that resource resulting in the need for
resources from fire stations farther away to respond in place of the resource
experiencing exhaustion. Resource exhaustion results in longer and longer
response times unless additional resources are added to the fire station serving that
area to create more caPacitY.
1.32. Response: Response refers to the movement of firefighters and fully equipped fire
apparatus to the scene of an emergency request for fire or emergency medical
services. The request for response is generally issued through Valley
Communications Center, the 9-L-1- answering point for PSF.
1.33. Response District: Refers to the defined geographic area, generally a quarter mile
square, used to determine the closest response resources to be assigned to an
emergency within that response district. see 1,14 F-Box or Fire Box.
1.34. Risk: Refers to the exposure or probability of injury or loss
1.34.1.Low Risk: A risk category where a low level and consequence of injury or loss
is probable to occur.
1,.34.z.Moderate Risk: A risk category where a moderate level and consequence of
injury or loss is probable to occur.
L34.3.High Risk: A risk category where a high level and consequence of injury or
loss is probable
1.35. Standard(s) of Cover: Refers to the in-depth process developed by the Center for
Public Safety Excellence for the strategic planning of fire resource deployment
capable of meeting community risks. Standard of Cover is the "standard" to which
the fire department will deliver service based upon community descriptions and
the risks within those community types. See Section 7'2.
PSRFA 2022 Mitigotion ond Level of Service Policy
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1.36. Total Response Time: The time interval from the receipt of a 9LI call at a public
safety answering point to when response unit(s) arrive at the scene of an
emergency. Total response time is made up of three components, alarm processing
time plus turnout time plus drive time.
1.37. TurnoutTime: See Section 6.2
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2. Policy Statement
2.L.lt is the policy of Puget Sound Regional Fire Authority [PSF) to participate in the
orderly growth of the community and to maintain concurrencyz of fire and life safety
services as the community grows, Concurrency describes the goal of service capacity
of PSF growing with or staying concurrent with the impacts of development
occurring within the service area. PSF recognizes that regional economic vitality
depends upon orderly growth and supports community growth through
development and is not opposed to new development.
2.2. However, new development and the population increase that comes with new
development has a direct impact on the ability of PSF to maintain adopted levels of
service and adequate public safety concurrently with development. Consequently,
PSF opposes the negative impacts development imposes uponfire service caPaciV and
level of service performance and directs the Fire Chief to utilize the mitigation
strategies found within this document to mitigate all negative impacts of
development that threaten concurrency by reducing service capacity below the
benchmark level of service standards adopted herein.
2.2.1,. Levels of service standards and service capacity are adopted and defined in
PSF's Standard of Cover document'
2.3. The Fire Chief or their designee, shall cause the evaluation of each development
proposed to occur within the service area. The Chief's evaluation shall identify any
adverse impacts that may affect PSF's ability to maintain adopted benchmark levels
of service and the mitigation strategies necessary to maintain concurrency with
development. It is the intent of PSF to recognize when adequate service capacity
exists and to only impose mitigations that are rational and relational to the impacts
of new development upon service capacity'
2 See Section 1, Concurrency defined
PSRFA 2022 Mitigation and Level of Service Policy
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3. Purpose Statement
3.1, The purpose of this policy is to establish guidelines for the implementation of
monetary and non-monetary mitigations appropriate to maintaining fire service
concurrency within PSF's emergency response area, It is the intent to utilize the
guidelines herein to mitigate the direct impacts of new development upon PSF's
ability to deliver fire and life safety services in accordance with its adopted level of
service standards. Further, this policy as prepared shall constitute Growth
Management, Impact Fee, SEPA, land subdivision, and building permit policy as
adopted by the Governance Board of Puget Sound Regional Fire Authority,
4. Consistency with other Plans and Policies
4.1.. To ensure that Puget Sound Regional Fire Authority [PSF) will be able to meet the
increasing demand for fire protection services resulting from future development
and population growth, this policy utilizes the findings and conclusions of a number
of plans and policies including but not limited to; Covington, Kent, King County,
Maple Valley and SeaTac Comprehensive Plans and, PSF's; Capital Facilities Plan,
Station Location Analysis, Standard of Cover and annual reports required by Chapter
52.33 RCW.
5. Primary Resp onsibility of Puget Sound Fire
5.L. The primary responsibility of PSF is the delivery of emergency fire and rescue
services. The delivery of these services ideally originates from fire stations located
throughout the service area. To provide effective emergency service, firefighters
must respond in a minimum amount of time after the incident has been reported and
with sufficient resources to initiate meaningful fire, rescue, or emergency medical
services,
6. The Imp ortance of Time and Fire Service Performance Measures
6.1 Time and Emergencies
6.1.1 Time and Fire Loss
Time is the critical issue when an emergency is reported, Fire can expand at a
rate many times its volume per minute and as a result, quick response is critical
for the rescue of occupants and the application of extinguishing agents to
minimize loss prior to flashover. The time segment between fire ignition and the
start of fire suppression activities has a direct relationship to fire loss.
TlPage
PSRFA 2022 Mitigation ond Level of Service Policy
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6.1.2 Time and Patient Survival
The delivery of emergency medical services is also time critical. Survival rates
for some types of medical emergencies are dependent upon rapid intervention
by trained emergency medical personnel. In most cases, the sooner trained fire
or emergency medical rescue personnel arrive, the greater the chance for
survival and conservation of property. The importance of time and the critical
factors affected by time are discussed in section 6.3.
6.2 Measured Components of Emergency Response
6.2.7. Alarm processing time: Amount of time that it takes to receive and process
an emergency call, This includes (1) receiving the call, (2) determining what the
emergency is, [3) verifying where the emergency is located, (4) determining
what resources and fire department units are required to handle the call, and (5)
notifying the fire department units that are to respond.
6.2.2. Turnout time: The time from when fire department units are first notified of
an emergency to the beginning point of response time. This includes
discontinuing and securing the activity firefighters were involved in at time of
dispatch, traveling by foot to their apparatus, donning appropriate personal
protective equipment and taking a seat-belted position on the apparatus to
respond,
6.2.3. Response/Drive time: The time that begins when the wheels of a response
apparatus/vehicle begin to roll in route to an emergency incident and ends when
wheels of the response vehicle stop rolling upon arrival at the address of the
emergency scene.
6.2.4. Access time: Amount of time required for the crew to move from where the
apparatus stops at the address of an emergency incident, to where the actual
emergency exists. This can include moving to the interior or upper stories of a
large building and dealing with any barriers such as locked gates, stairways,
elevators, doors, or other restrictions that may slow access to the area of the
emergency.
PSRFA 2022 Mitigation and Level of Service Policy
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6.2.5. Setup time
6.2.51. Setup time Fire: The amount of time required for fire department units
to set up, connect hose lines, position ladders, and prepare to extinguish the
fire. Setup time includes disembarking the fire apparatus, pulling, and
placing hose lines, charging hose lines, donning self-contained breathing
apparatus, making access or entry into the building, and applying water,
The opportunity for saving time during setup is minimal, even for trained
personnel.
6.2.5.2. Setup time EMS: Setup time also includes the time required for
firefighters to deploy lifesaving equipment such as defibrillators, oxygen
masks, and/or other rescue tools.
6.3 Flashover
6.3.L The term flashover: Refers to the most dangerous time in fire growth. As a
fire grows within a room, its radiant heat is absorbed by the contents of the
room heating up the combustible gases and furnishings to their ignition point
until finally the entire room bursts into flame, spreading outside of the room
involved,
Figure 1: Flashover
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PSRFA 2022 Mitigation ond Level of Service Policy
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6.3.3. Factors that determine when flashover may occur: These include the type
of fuel, the arrangement of the fuels in the room, room size, and so on' Because
these factors vary, the exact time to flashover cannot be predicted, making
quick response and rapid-fire attack the best way to control fire, protect life
and reduce fire loss.
6.3.4. Flashover's modern living influence: Over the past 50 years, fire engineers
agree that the replacement of wood and other natural products with plastics
and synthetic materials for interior furnishings has resulted in increased fuel
loads, higher fire temperatures and decreasing time to flashover, making quick
response more important than ever, Flashover can typically occur from less
than four 4 to beyond L0 minutes after free burning starts depending upon the
air or oxygen supply available to the fire.
6.3.5, Flashover and fire spread can be mitigated, Figure 2 shows the progression
of fire and how some timeframes can be managed by the fire department and
some cannot. The elapsed time from fire ignition to fire reporting varies but
can be indirectly managed using remotely monitored fire alarm and
suppression systems to help mitigate the growth of fire. These systems can
automatically report the presence of a fire to a public safety answering point
IPSAP) or 9-1"-1 center. In a perfect world, all structures would be equipped
with a monitored fire alarm and automatic fire sprinkler system to help reduce
dispatch time and speed the arrival of fire department resources allowing
firefighters to arrive at the scene when fires are smaller and more controllable'
PSRFA 2022 Mitigation and Level of Service Policy
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HtmoFllrotqsf,roJats
HrE6!ilmtt$Ilctro
TIME vs. PRODUCIS of COMBUSTION
-- FUSHOVERI No one suruivesfloshover
zo
f
c0
Eo
ro
F
L.,tooga
nftmtc nltsmt
A,ffimm
21456789
tetFansE ro Fnt
TTf, I'lnlCNY IAXAGTAEIf BI FIE DTHITEXT
0l
ACnONS
B€FORE FIRE
Dr5ffitw
rl (otM ffitttqff mtu
!ffialtrrf
Lftqde
/Vtkyftmt
lO TIME (in minutes)
Sos€d upon natiffiol oveasg5
.ul bFkWdh&Al-rr-JqlntuAh itR*Fhm
hEkm,hMffikhdhFeffi
AG,sNarDEfi('X'Ii
OTNIf
1*Ylll8
Figure 2: Time vs. Products of Combustion
This diagram illustrates
lire growth over time and
the sequence of events
that mqy occur from
ignition to suppression.
Depending on the size of
room, contents of the
room and avoilable
oxygen, flashover can
occur in less than 2 or
more than 70 minutes,
Flashover occurs most
frequently between 4 and
70 minutes.
Significance of automatic fire sprinklers: As the above exhibit illustrates,
properly maintained and functioning fire sprinkler systems in both
residential, and commercial occupancies will activate to help control a fire
long before the arrival of firefighting resources, Automatic fire sprinklers can
control fire and buy firefighters significant time toward saving lives and
minimizing loss from fire, In PSF's case, there are often too few resources
available to supply a full first alarm and the effective response force resources
required for a structure fire. As a result, it is typical for structure fire responses
to be supplemented with mutual aid companies from other jurisdictions or
volunteer resources that take much longer to arrive, limiting PSF's overall
ability to control larger fires.
6.3.6.
PSRFA 2022 Mitigation and Level of Service Policy
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6.9.7. Flashover is deadly: Once flashover occurs, it is no longer possible for
survival in the room of flashover. Not even firefighters in complete protective
gear can survive the intense heat of flashover. A post-flashover fire burns
hotter and moves faster, making search and rescue more difficult and riskier
in the remainder of the structure. Once flashover occurs more firefighters are
needed to dealwith the much larger and growing fire problem'
6.3.8, Firefighting resources should arrive prior to flashover: Because of the
dramatic change in fire conditions post flashover (see Figure 1) all fire based
performance standards attempt to place fire resources on scene of a fire prior
to flashover.
6.4 Brain Death in a Non-Breathing Patient
6.4.1.. Timely treatment and a non-breathing patient is critical for survival: The
delivery of emergency medical services [EMS) by first responders is also time
critical for many types of injuries and events. If a person has a heart attack and
cardiopulmonary resuscitation ICPRJ is started within four minutes, that
person's chances of leaving the hospital alive are almost four times greater
than if they did not receive CPR until after four minutes. Exhibit 3 shows the
survival rate for heart attack victims when CPR is available'
Figure 3: Cardiac Survival Rater
6.4.2. Automatic defibrillation increases survival further: Chances of survival
are increased with the intervention of a cardiac defibrillator. All PSF units
3 Source: National Fire Protection Association Handbook Volume L9
(ffi')
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1Wo 2ff/o 31o/o 40Vo
Sunital Rale olfiett AilrckVictitns lFhen CPR Is Availahle
CPR begun in
4 m'nutes or less
0
Survival
rate
CPR begun nrcre
than 4 minutes
after anest
Survival
rate
PSRFA 2022 Mitigation ond Level of Service Policy
12lP age
carry defibrillators. Exhibit 4 shows the survival rate of a heart attack victim
with CPR and defibrillation.
6.4.3. Puget Sound Fire's "Deadline:" Between 2000 and 2014, no patient has
survived cardiac arrest where the total response time to arrival has exceeded
7 minutes and 34 seconds.
Figure 4: Cardiac Survival with CPR and Defibrillation4
a Data Source: King County Emergency Medical Services
Response Time / lntervention vs. Survival
BLS/ALS
lntervention
Respond to
Scene
Time Varies Elf,S Response Time
Some Manageable Time
6 734
Detection
of
89l('
6('
5('
zlo
3('
20
to
o
Unmanageable
Time
PSRFA 2022 Mitigation ond Level of Service Policy
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13 | P a g e
7. Recogni zed Standards for Fire Service Response Performance:
7.1 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard'1710
7.l.l NFPA 171O: establishes Standards for the Organization and Deployment of Fire
Suppression Operations, Emergency Medical Operations, and Special Operations to the
Public by Career Fire Departments and contains the following time objectives to be
performed 90% of the time:
7.1,.1..1Dispatch time: "All communications facilities, equipment, staffing, and
operating procedures shall comply with NFPA L221." NFPA L221 sets the
performance standard for alarm processing to dispatch time at 1-minute [60
seconds) 90 percent of the time.
7.1.7.2 Turnout time:
Fire based response: 1 minute 20 seconds [80 seconds)
Medical based response: 1 minute 00 seconds [60 seconds)
7.L1,.3. Fire response/drive time: Four minutes [240 seconds) or less for the arrival
of the first arriving engine company at a fire suppression incident and/or eight
minutes (480 seconds) or less for the deployment of a full first alarm assignment at a
fire suppression incident.
7.7.\.4. Basic life support (BLS) response/drive time: Four minutes [240 seconds) or
less for the arrival of a unit with first responder or higher-medical certification
capability at an emergency medical incident.
7.1..1..5. Advanced life support (ALS) response/drive time: Eight minutes [480
seconds) or less for the arrival of an advanced life support unit at an emergency
medical incident, where the service is provided by the fire department.
7.L7.6. Total response time: Adding the three separate time segments together, the
NFPA expects the following temporal benchmarks to be performed at least 9 out of
every L0 times from receipt of a9-'J,-1, call to the arrival of fire and EMS resources,
Figure 5: NFPA's Total Response Time Standards (minutes & seconds)
Fire call
o First-in: = (Dispatch =1:00 + Turnout = 7:20 + Drive = 4:00) = 6:20
o Full alarm: (Dispatch = L:00 + Turnout = l:20 + Drive = B:00) = 10:20
EMS - Basic & Advanced Life Support Services
o First-in:= (Dispatch =1:00 + Turnout = l,:00 + Drive = 4:00) = 6:00
o Full Alarm: = (Dispatch =1:00 + Turnout = 1:00 + Drive = B:00) = 10:00
PSRFA 2022 Mitigotion and Level of Service Policy
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7.2 Center for Public Safety Excellence (CPSE) Standard of Cover
7.2.1. Tllre Center of Public Safety Excellence is a consortium of the International
Association of Fire Chiefs flAFC), International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF) the
International City/County Management Association (ICMA), the International Code
Council flCC), the Insurance Services Office (lSO) the National Fire Protection Association
INFPA) and the U.S. Fire Administration [USFA). Together this group maintains the
Commission on Fire Accreditation International (CFAI) and the criteria for fire
departments to achieve Accredited Agency Status. Critical to achieving Accredited
Agency Status is an assessment of the fire department's ability to effectively deliver
service. To make this assessment, the CFAI has established a methodology for;
determining the fire and non-fire risks of a community, assessing the fire department's
capability compared to that risk, measuring fire department resource capacity and
guidelines for performance standards to assess overall performance of a fire department,
The CFAI publishes this methodology in its Standards of Cover manual.
7.2.2 The term standard of cover: Refers to the "standard[s)" to which a fire
department runs daily operations in order to "cover" the service area of the fire
department. The CFAI process for establishing a Standard of Cover has nine parts
that are described below with relevant information to PSF:
7.2.2.1,. Existing deployment assessment: Identifies current inventory of fire
stations, apparatus, and staffing. PSF's stations apparatus and staffing are
found in PSF's Capital Improvement and Equipment Plan.
7.2.2.2. Review of community expectations: Ultimately, level of service is
driven by the community. PSF's standards have been adopted herein and
by the Cities of Kent and Covington in their Comprehensive Plans, both
have undergone a public review and hearing process. Additionally, Fire
District 43 and SeaTac have adopted minimum standards in their contracts
for response services with PSF.
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7.2.2.3. Community risk assessment: The CPSE requires adoption of
benchmark response times for each component [alarm processing,
turnout, drive) of response as well as separate benchmarks for both urban
and rural deployment. Additionally, benchmarks must be established by
type of incident, and category (low, moderate, and high) of risk associated
the event. PSF has conducted this risk assessment across the L09 square
miles of urban and rural areas in its 2019 Standard of Cover document.
7.2.2.4. Critical task analysis and staffing comparison: The CFAI requires staffing standards
that can respond and providing adequate personnel to address the risks identified in the
community risk assessment,
7.2.2.5. Distribution of Resources: Fire stations should be distributed so that resources
deployed from them can provide coverage to the response area within the level of service
[LOS) standard established for first-in fire and rescue units. PSF's Standard of Cover has
revealed service areas where current fire station deployment cannot meet adopted service
levels,
7.2.2.6. Concentration of Resources: Fire resources should be concentrated near high
demand areas and in Iarge enough numbers of equipment and personnel to provide an
effective response force with the full first alarm assignment, Because of a lack of resources,
PSF often relies on resources from neighboring fire departments to assemble an effective
response force.
Because ofa lack ofresources, PSF often relies on resources from neighboring
departments to assemble an effective response force'
7 .2.2.4.L PSF's cument staffing and resources alone, are incapable of providing
adequate staffing necessary to mitigate the potential
response needs of high-risk occupancies.
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7.2.2.7 . Capacity Analysis/Reliability: To achieve adopted performance standards,
resources must be available or "reliable" at least as often as their adopted performance
expectation, Historic reliability below the adopted performance standard places the service
area in "Resource Exhaustion" and creates call stacking and simultaneous calls within a
specific service area.
7.2.2.8. Historical response effectiveness studies: The percentage of compliance the existing
response system delivers based on current LOS.
7.2.2.9. Overall Evaluation and PIan: Identifies performance issues, and strategies toward
sustaining service levels and achieving benchmark performance.
7 .2.3.Prevention and mitigation: CPSE recognizes the cost of providing fire services needs
to be balanced to individual communities and therefore they emphasize the need for
mitigation. Fire prevention, risk reduction, education, and code enforcement along with
mitigation policies are encouraged, Prevention and mitigation efforts directly impact the
level of safety for responding firefighters and the public. Using analysis of risk and looking
at what strategic mitigations can be implemented may not only prevent the incident from
occurring but may also minimize the severity when and if the incident occurs,
PSF is currently experiencing resource exhaustion at Stations 45,73, where
reliability is below 90%o during peak demand hours.
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7.2.4. CPSE Standard: CPSE requires both temporal and staffing capability standards to
assure timely arrival with adequate capability to address existing risk. Following is an
example of the CPSE standard requirement:
"For 90 percent of all moderate and high-risk structure fires the departments total
benchmarkresponse time,from the receipt of the 91L call in the secondary public safety
answering point (PSAP) to the arrival of the first-due unit, staffed with at least ttuo
firefighters arriving on an aid car or three firefighters arriving on an engine or ladder
truck shall be: 7 minutes 40 seconds in urban areas and 9 minutes 35 seconds in rural
areas. The first-due unitfor all risk levels shall be capable of: providing incident size up,
initiating command, and requesting additional resources. If arriving on a fire engine,
the first-due unit shall be capable of providing 500 gallons of water and L,500 gallons
per minute (gpm) pumping capaciLy; establishing and advancing an attack hose-line
flowing a minimum of 150 gpm; or rescuing at-risk victims. These operations are done
in accordance with the Department's standard operating procedures while providing
for the safeg of responders and the public. IPSF is not currently capable of achieving
this standard.J
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B. State and Local Standards
8.1 Washington State Law
8,1.1. Chapter 52.33 RCW requires fire departments with paid staff to establish Level of
Service ILOSI policies and performance objectives based on the arrival of first responders
with defibrillation equipment prior to brain death and the arrival of adequate fire
suppression resources prior to flashover. This law recognizes the NFPA's Standard 1710 and
the Commission on Fire Accreditation International's [CFAI) Standard of Cover as bases for
this statute and requires a900/o performance expectation of the established LOS.
8.2. King County Standards
8,2.1. The King County Comprehensive Plan and Countywide Planning Policies are based on
the concept of concurrency and require that adequate facilities and services be available or
be made available to serve development as it occurs. The County Comprehensive Plan
recognizes the validity of using a response time analysis in determining appropriate service
levels and recognizes the central role of fire protection districts and regional fire authorities
in providing those services. However, King County has not adopted any fire service response
standards.
8.3. City of Covington and Kent Response Standards
8.3.L. The Covington and Kent Comprehensive Plans have adopted the fire service response
standards of the Puget Sound Regional Fire Authority.
8.4. Fire District 43 (Maple Valley Fire & Life Safety) City of SeaTac
8,4.1. Fire District 43 and the City of SeaTac have established their own standards through a
contract for services with PSF, District 43 and SeaTac response time standards exceed those
adopted by PSF in its Standard ofCover.
8.5. PSF's Standard of Cover
8.5,1. PSF maintains a "standard of Cover" document as part of their accreditation process
through the Center for Public Safety. The Standard of Cover is the "standard" or Level of
Service ILOS) to which the fire department will deliver services to the community.
Performance below benchmark standards can contribute to unnecessary property and life
loss. The continuum of time of fire service performance to adopted level of service standard
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includes three main components measured at the 9Oth percentile (9 out of 1-0 times) of
performance:
8.5,1,1. Dispatch time: The time interval from when a 9-l-1 call is answered, and
appropriate resources dispatched through alerts to firefighters'
8.5.1.2. Turnout time: The time interval that begins when audible or visual
notification is received by firefighters from the 9-1-1 center and ends when
firefighters have donned appropriate protective equipment and safely seat-belted
themselves in their response vehicle ready to drive'
8.5.1.3, Travel time: The time interval that begins when a response unit begins to
move in route to the emergency incident location and ends when the unit arrives at
the addressed location or, at the entryway to the addressed complex'
8. 5. 1. 3. 1. First unit arrival obi ectives': 9 Oo/o p erformance expectation.
Figure 6: PSFA First Unit Arrival Service Standard-Urban Areas
. Urban Service Area:
o Low Risk
o Fire
Dispatch (1:10) + Turnout (1:55) + Drive Time (5:35) = B:40
o EMS
Dispatch [1:30) + Turnout (1:45) + Drive Time [10:15) = 13:30
o Moderate Risk
o Fire
Dispatch [1:10) + Turnout [1:55) + Drive Time (4:35) = 7:40
o EMS
Dispatch (1:10) + Turnout [1:45) + Drive Time [4:35) = 7:30
o High Risk
o Fire
Dispatch [1:10) + Turnout (1:55) + Drive Time [4:35) = 7:40
o EMS
Dispatch [1:10) + Turnout [1:45) + Drive Time [4:35) = 7:30
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Figure 7: PSFA First Unit Arrival Service Standard-Rural Areas
. Rural Service Area:
Low Risk
o Fire
Dispatch (1:10) + Turnout [1:55) + Drive Time (7:35) = 10:00
o EMS
Dispatch (1:30J + Turnout (1:45) + Drive Time [13:15) = 16:30
o
o Moderate and High Risk
o Fire
Dispatch [1:10) + Turnout [1:55) + Drive Time (6:30) = 9:35
o EMS
Dispatch [1:10) + Turnout [1:a5) + Drive Time (6:30) = 9:25
8.5.L.3.2. Fire minimum effective response force arrival obiectives: (First
three units) 90olo performance expectation.
Figure B: PSFA Minimum Effective Response Force Standard
. Urban Service Area:
o Moderate and High Risk
o Fire
Dispatch [1:10) + Turnout [1:55) + Drive Time (6:45) = 9:50
. Rural Service Area:
o Moderate and High Risk
o Fire
Dispatch [1:10) + Turnout [1:55) + Drive Time (B:40) = 11:45
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8.5.1.3.3. Full first alarm arrival obiectives:90o/o performance
Figure 9: PSFA Full FirstAlarm Response Force Standard
. Urban Service Area
o Low Risk
o Fire
Dispatch (1:10J + Turnout [1:55) + Drive Time [7:55) = 10:00
o EMS
Dispatch (1:30) + Turnout [1:45) + Drive Time [8:35) = 11:50
o Moderate Risk
o Fire
Dispatch [1:10) + Turnout [1:55) + Drive Time (L2:55) = 16:00
o EMS
Dispatch (1:10) + Turnout (1:45) + Drive Time (6:20) = 9:L5
o High Risk
o Fire
Dispatch [1:10) + Turnout [1:55) + Drive Time [17:35) = 20:40
o EMS
Dispatch [1:10) + Turnout [1:45) + Drive Time [6:20) = 9:15
. Rural Service Area
o Low Risk
o Fire
Dispatch (1:10) + Turnout (1:55) + Drive Time [9:55) = 12:00
o EMS
Dispatch (1:30) + Turnout [1:45) + Drive Time [13:05) = 16:20
o Moderate Risk
o Fire - Hydrant Supply
Dispatch (1:10) + Turnout (1:55) + Drive Time [14:55) = 18:00
o Fire - Tender Supply
Dispatch (1:10) + Turnout (1:55) + Drive Time [15:55) = 19:00
o EMS
Dispatch [1:10) + Turnout $:afl + Drive Time [B:20) = 11:15
High Risk
o EMS
Dispatch [1:10) + Turnout [1:45) + Drive Time (B:20) = 11:15
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8,5.2 Reliability is a measure of resource capacity, For a resource to be reliable, it must be
available to answer emergency calls as least as often as the service expectation placed upon
that resource. For instance, if a fire resource is expected to deliver service at the adopted
standard 90% of the time, then that resource should be available to respond to an emergency
incident from its assigned fire station at least 90o/o of the time, Reliability levels below the
adopted performance expectation indicate resource exhaustion'
Figure 10: PSF Reliability Obiectives
9. Local Restriction on Level of Service
9.1. PSF Standards Assessment: PSF has assessed its ability to deliver service in
compliance with established national standards finding that current deployment will not
allow the department to meet recognized standards. As a result of the level of service
analysis, PSF has completed a fire station deployment study with a focus on determining
the optimum station location and resource deployment necessary to achieve effective
response times, This study has considered the National Fire Protection Association's
Standard 1.710, the Center for Public Safety Excellence's ICPSE) Standard of Coverage
recommendations and Chapter 52.33 RCW in establishing standards for emergency
response. Resources required to close the gap between current performance and adopted
benchmark levels of service are identified in the 2014-2033 Master Capital Facility and
Equipment Plan and its subsequent annual 6-year updates'
900/o
Minimum Peak
Hour Unit
Reliability
900/o
g.2. Because of resource limitations and budget restrictions, PSF has adopted level of
service standards that exceed the benchmark standards established by NFPA L710,
52.33 as much as 6 minutes,the CPSE and the delines of
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10. Need for Mitigati on of Develop ment Impacts
10.1 Substandard performance: PSF's current fire system performance falls short of
national standards. Any additional impacts posed by new development will further erode
PSF's ability to deliver service at adopted standards.
10.1.1. Auto Aid: PSF must rely on resources from neighboring fire departments to
assemble an effective response force.
LO.1,.2. Resource exhaustion: PSF is currently experiencing resource exhaustion at
Stations 45 and 73 where reliability is below 90% during peak demand hours'
10.1.3. Service Standards: PSF has had to adopt level of service standards that exceed
benchmark standards established by NFPA 7710, and the guidelines of Chapter 52.33 by as
much as 6 minutes.
LO.z. Revenue restrictions: Washington's limit on annual tax collections [101-%o of the
previous year) has eroded PSF's ability to keep up with growth and inflation. An annual levy
rate which began at $1.00 per thousand dollars of assessed value will quickly be devalued'
This declining levy rate and, greater than one percent inflation has compounded recovery
from the lingering effects of the great recession and the current impacts of the COVID
pandemic. This has resulted in reductions in purchasing power, delays in hiring, and delays
in equipment replacements within PSF, Since 2011 funding of capital replacement programs
was reduced in favor of meeting increasing operating expense due to new community
growth and inflation. This has led to underfunding the201,4 to 2033 capital plan timeline
for additional resources, In August of2019 voters approved PSF's request to restore its tax
levy to $1.00 per thousand of assessed value beginning in the 2020 tax year. Restoration of
the levy should assist in better funding the capital needs of PSF.
10.3. Conclusion: Unless new development can mitigate their impacts on the fire service
system in accordance with this policy, PSF must oppose all development occurring within
PSF service area.
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11. Determining Development Impacts
11.1. Concepts of Fire Service Capacity and Cascading Failure:
1,l.L.l The deployment of fire and life safety resources such as fire engines and emergency
medical vehicles is geographically based through planned selection of fire station locations.
Fire station Iocations must be carefully chosen to allow the resource[s) deployed from these
locations to reach all portions of the assigned service area within a time frame capable of
providing successful outcomes for critically injured or non-breathing patients and, to
prevent flashover and minimize life and property loss during a structure fire.
11.L.2. This type of geographic deployment depends on the availability of the resources
assigned to that fire station location. System failure begins to occur when the demand for
these resources is increased to a point where simultaneous requests for a resource begins to
commonly occur because of exceeding the capacity of that resource. When service demand
exceeds a fire station's capacity, a resource from a fire station further away must respond in
its place. The result of this situation is often referred to as cascading failure. The failure of
one resource to be available to answer emergency calls cascades to the next closest fire
station resource, leaving two service areas unprotected when the covering resource vacates
its assigned area to make up for lack of capacity of the failing resource area, This effect
continues to cascade out with a ripple effect to yet other fire stations and jurisdictions.
11,1.3. Cascading failure causes Ionger drive times to reach emergency scenes and as a
result, it is less likely that those resources can positively affect the negative outcomes of
flashover and brain death,
L!.1.4. The solution to cascading failure is the addition of service capacity to the area
experiencing substandard reliability. The deployment of additional fire resources results in
considerable expense to a community; therefore, a delicate balance must be maintained to
use but not exceed the service capacity of resources.
11.1.5. The Center for Public Safety Excellence refers to a fire resource's capacity in their
Standards of Cover guidelines, in terms of level of "reliabili ty" of a fire resource. If a resource
is available at least as often as the expected performance expectation, it is considered
reliable.
LL.L.6. PSF's ability to meet its response time standards is directly affected by resource
reliability.
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Figure 11: Reliability Charts
System
Covlngton Maple Vall€y(ent West (ent4entEl Kent-Ea5tSeaTac
sb. el Sta. &l Aw.sb- 71 Sta- 77 tu.72 St .75 St'. tg St'.80Str.47 Sta.46 St .45 St8.73 Sta. rr Sta.76Hour
ta-:l!t*9/t 38tam:OO 94.14t6
O1:6 er.otrt
02:Od 93.4!tr
9480*01:m
04:m
ol.6ata05:m 9{:t8ra
06:d)
!l!l-9t a07!m oq"2l*g,Trxq/LBAI 92-t3t6 94r$ra 93.60t(m:m !ta_l3t 92.2113 92,6:116 t _ttt92.61X 94.5?'t92.rl6x 94"t694 94.17X 92.041609:00 93.?5X 91.4616 93.0016
c/t /iql 93.84Xat q3*s{qox 9t-{t69t $.96r 94.36*1Orfl)9r.a2x 92.2894 91.3:lr[9r.68t(93.2014 et-t!tre2-t39(et-1gr 9!l.t!?ta 9{tr/86 9r-6lX 92.7lX g,n"x11:OO 90.95t6 9'L82ta 9t.40'5
94-tA*9!t.29taqS.tt*!x1.399t t:t.tgxat-:t3t(o1.6e93 93dlx 925gtt 93.7296 92.829612r0091.469{93.olra
tt-6d8 93.06Xst.Mqa et 62*l}l-otr tl3-83*90.s696 lta.dtr3l1:m 9lr.67ta 92-O2t(el,t:l*93.03t4
qt 4qs eq
'!na
!1t.38*9.79*92.82tttt 1tx 91-2S9(9t_tltx 9t_26t 92.6316tA:m 92.8:l9a tl.!n(c).sl)ta
933!X9332r9r.nx 94,itgf92.39n 93.53t4 93.5tt6 92.561615:0O 91.4lX 94.65r
01 f,q*qt r$3 9t30r 94.L'.92.479tE iltga ql.attt gL77*92.&X 92.$196r6:{X}92.6696 93.2ttt q ttt qr.al*s? ot9a !11-/lq96 ql3A9a llr.:Iltas-ta9a 93.06*93.1jtt6 92.61X 90.02ru:O0 9t t9'6 92.it896 {t6x 9/t-!l!l9t s:r-7t9rq, qt*fi_1313 91_0.2'6qt ?ll{et.tn*92J9t6 93.39t4 93.7:19618:00
lta-6ata 9r-00x 92.1C'r!lt.t{t(01-6dta 91.(xts(!*lJil 91.47*lqlad ot-q6*lldt99(93.6614
94-O?XlIB.'l5*!lt'92x92-14t6 93-?1t6 93.60t4 9a.8,'j 91.8516 gL:l.6Siz0:00 93J8t3 93.16t6 9r.0lr
ea-lvlta 9'l.Ottor 6d*iaaTr 91_8314 9169r 93.4!tt3tlrm9t-BAta c3-15lr sl-0194 92.18t6 93,71t4 g llr{tll*oa.orrl'rrtg {ta-ttg g.27tr 92.r1,93,t8*12:M 9{63r 93.49ta $2.99r
23:0O !tii-tr*s ta*el.tt*a, tqg et-snx lta.68t3 943tt{99.49rDailvAw.9t ttta 94./t7ti
Average Daily Reliability by Station
!8.C01i
g7.0r1li
S5.C*1a
y_r.u uiE
94.03h
93.C0)b
12.,30:li
9G.Stii
88.flC:i,
88.Cli,i
47
ll llllllill llltll lllI
$ra. 46 Srj. 45 Sta. 7-', Sra. ?l Sla. 76 Str- l4 sia.77 sta. 13 Sti. :5 Std.78 5ia. 8': StE. BL Sta" E3 Avg'
r ?,]18 r 2019 r fC20
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11.2 Components of Response:
1,\.2,1. PSF tracks two primary performance measures. These measure the time required
for the system to provide resources against the Level ofService goals established by PSF.
I1.2.1.1. First is the arrival time of the initial arriving "first-in" or distribution
resource
11.2.1,.L Second is the arrival of the full first alarm assignment which provides the
resources needed to effectively mitigate the emergency incident. This is referred to
as the "Effective Response Force" (ERF) or concentration resources. An initial arriving
resource can begin to render aid or perform other necessary tasks as a component of
the ERF but cannot resolve the incident alone. The ERF for life threatening medical
calls requires two or more resources, The ERF for a structure fire requires five or
more resources. The additional resources of the ERF must respond from greater
distances than the first-in resource therefore the first-in and ERF have separate
performance expectations.
11.3 Effect of Development on Fire System Performance:
71.3.I. New development uses service capacity eroding the reliability and the
temporal performance of fire service resources.
77.3.2.It is important to understand whether a new development is placed nearer to,
or farther from a fire station, its use of service capacity will have a negative effect on
the fire service systems performance. Therefore, the mitigation necessary to maintain
fire service concurrency is not dependent on geographical location within a fire
stations service area, but on the fact that each development consumes service
capacity negatively affecting reliability and response performance. Those developing
property away from existing fire stations directly impact the system because they are
using capacity that would otherwise serve development close to existing fire stations.
As close-in properties develop, they in turn, directly impact the system by reducing
resource reliability for those developments that are more distant.
11.4. Mitigation Actions Required:
11,.4.L PSF's limited funding and resources has caused the need to adopt standards
that establish levels of service below nationally recognized benchmark standards. As
a result, all new development has a direct impact on PSF's service capacity.
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PSRFA 2022 Mitigation and Level of Service Policy
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11.5. Mitigation Options: Residential, Commercial and Regional Commercial
11.5.1. PSF staff may utilize the options listed below and/or any state or locally
adopted building code set, and any NFPA or other recognized standard to mitigate the
impacts of new development upon the ability of PSF to deliver adopted levels of
service.
71.5.2. Acceptable mitigations shall appropriately address risk of the residential,
commercial, or regional commercial development and may include, but not be limited
to one or more of the following options to achieve concurrency:
IL.5.2.7.lnstallation of automatic fire sprinkler systems to provide onsite fire
control until PSF response units can arrive on scene. All automatic fire
sprinkler systems shall comply with NFPA 13,
11.5.2.1,1. Exception: Partial flow through or multi-purpose or, water
mist fire protection systems may be allowed in one and two-family
structures upon approval of the Fire Marshal representing the authority
having jurisdiction.
|L.5.2.2.Installation of monitored alarm and alerting systems to provide early
alerting to PSF,
1,1,.5.2.3.lnstallation of fire walls or other building separations to reduce fire
flow and/or firefighting resource requirements.
11.5.2.4. Use of alternate construction materials or design to reduce chance of
fire spread between structures and aid in rescue operations.
7115.2.5. Installation of systems or features that assist evacuation and
sheltering in place.
L1.5.2.51. Design and installation of areas of refuge in multi-story
stairwells.
11.5.2.5.2.Installation of a central fire department lobby control with
intercom systems in taller high-risk [multi-family housing) buildings to
assist evacuation and sheltering in place.
1L5.2.6. Addition of access enhancements such as secondary access points,
fire lanes, ambulance parking spaces etc.
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11.5.2.7 .Installation of incident reduction features such as grab bars in senior
and disabled housing units.
17.5.2.8. Installation of monitored medical alarms.
l1s.2.9.lnstallation of alarm monitored defibrillators in public areas of multi-
family housing, places of assembly, and public buildings.
I7.5.2.10. Impact Fees.
17.5.2.1.7. Level of Service Fees.
11.5.3. Selected mitigation measures should be relational to the risk imposed by the
development and its use, Time is the critical issue in the delivery of emergency fire
and medical services, Mitigation measures should be appropriate and adequate to
achieve a level of public safety that would be equivalent to PSF's achievement of
response time standards within a reasonable, six-year period.
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12.Developer Agreements
L2.1. Developer agreements may be required for all developments occurring within PSF
service area when impact or level of service fees alone, do not adequately mitigate the risk
of the new development or ensure concurrency. When determined by the Chief or his
designee, PSF and the development applicant shall enter into a mitigation agreement that
clearly identifies all mitigation necessary to maintain fire service concurrency.
12.2. Basis for Calculating Impact and Level of Service Fees [Appendix A):
12.2.1. Boundaries: As a point of reference, PSF boundaries and resources deployed
within those boundaries shall be used to determine the service capacity according to
PSF's adopted response time standards. This policy shall be applied to all or
administratively defined areas within the boundaries of PSF'
12.2.2. Property Categories: Properties are grouped by three basic categories,
residential, commercial, and regional commercial'
1.2.2.2.7. Residential properties shall include both single family and multifamily
units.
L2.2.2.2. Commercial property shall be those property uses that would
otherwise be classified as industrial, business, retail sales and services,
wholesale sales, storage, assisted care facilities, churches and medical
facilities.
12.2.2.3. A "regional commercial" designation may be applied to commercial
properties when by design, location, and business plan is intended to serve
a regional largely non-resident population. Regional commercial
designations are Iikely to occur near regional transportation, shopping and
entertainment centers, places of assembly, and will produce fire service
impacts that are much higher than like properties in other areas serving
resident populations.
12.2.3.Capital Improvements: PSF's Capital Facilities and Equipment Plan identifies
the resources and revenue needed to provide adequate service and maintain public
health and safety over a 20-year planning cycle. Each year an updated Six Year Capital
Improvement Plan shall be adopted to provide current levels of service and provide
the basis for updating construction and equipment costs and impact and level of
service fees,
12.2.4. Fire Department Service Demand: Past demand for fire department services
to property categories identified above, shall be used to predict future service level
demand to those proposed property types. The percentage of service use by new
development and its impact on PSF Service Levels shall be used to determine
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PSRFA 2022 Mitigation and Level of Service Policy
appropriate and relational contributions for each property type [see Appendix A,
Res/Com Split). Needed expenditures for capital improvements identified in PSF's
Capital Facilities and Equipment Plan will be the basis for determining the
construction and equipment costs [C&E) which are used in calculating impact fees
and level of service contributions.
12.2.5. Usage Factor: The specific use of fire services byland use category. Use factors are
based on actual incident rates, [See appendix A)
1.2.2.6. ERF (Effective Response Force) Factor: The minimum amount of staffing and
equipment that must reach a specific emergency location within the maximum adopted level
of service time capable of fire suppression, EMS and/or another incident mitigation.
12.2.7. New Development Share: That portion of C&E to be paid for by new development.
New Development share is used to assure that new development pays only for
improvements related to growth and maintenance of fire service concurrency.
1.2.2.8. Proiected Development: The 2\-year growth projections found in PSF's Capital
Facilities and Equipment Plan will be the basis for PSF calculations of future dwelling units
and future square-footage of commercially developed properties.
PSRFA 2022 Mitigation and Level of Service Policy
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3l I P a g e
13. Mitiga tion Methodology and Fee Application:
13.1. New Development Assessment: PSF shall pursue all appropriate mitigations
necessary to maintain public safety and fire service concurrency through the provisions
provided by the Growth Management Act (GMA), State Environmental Protection Act ISEPA),
Washington State subdivision codes, and the adopted land use regulations in the authority
having jurisdiction.
13.1.1. Impact Fees & Mitigations
73.1,.1.1,.In the PSF response area, where fire service impact fees have been adopted by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction, will be assessed based on established fees found in Appendix
A. Total fees will be calculated based on worksheets found in Appendix B or C.
13.1..1..2. PSF staff will determine appropriate non-fee mitigations that may be necessary in
addition to impact fees to provide for adequate built-in protection or mitigations necessary
for fire service concurrency to the proposed development.
13.1,.1.3. PSF staff shall consider developer submitted alternate mitigations and fee amounts
presented in a study that provides acceptable alternatives to the mitigations found in this
policy.
L3.1.2. Level of Service Fees & Mitigations
13.L.2.1,.In areas where fire service impact fees have not been adopted in support of
PSF by the authority having jurisdiction to permit building and land uses, each new
development when proposed, and upon notice of application, shall have their direct
impacts assessed and their appropriate mitigation options determined by PSF staff'
1,3.1.2.2. Appropriate Level of Service Contribution fees will be calculated and
determined by applying the formula found in Appendix A.
13.1.3. Impact and Level of Service Fee Reduction:
13.1.3,1. Where automatic fire sprinklers are voluntaribt installed in single family
residential occupancies in compliance with RCW 82.02.100 a reduced fee equal to
70o/o of the impact or level of service fee shall serve to mitigate the costs of needed
EMS and rescue resources.
ffi
PSRFA 2022 Mitigotion and Level of Service Policy
32lP a ge
L3.1.4. Determination of fee - Adiustments - Exception - Appeals
L3.114.1. The developer may be entitled to a credit for the value of any dedication of
land for, improvements to, or new construction of any system improvement provided
by the developer to fire protection facilities identified in the PSF Capital Plan.
13.I.4.2. The standard impact or level of service fee may be adjusted in one of the
following circumstances :
13.1,.4.2.1, The developer demonstrates that the impact fee was improperly
calculated; or,
1,3.L4.2.2. Where unusual circumstances are identified by the land use
authority having jurisdiction, the developer or PSF stafl the fee may be
adjusted in specific cases to ensure that impact fees are imposed fairly.
Adjustments will be determined jointly by the director for the land use
authority having jurisdiction and PSF's designee.
1,3.1,.4.3.In cases where a developer requests an independent fee calculation,
adjustment exception or a credit pursuant to RCW 82.02.060(6), PSF's
designee will consult with the director for the land use authority having
jurisdiction prior to making the final fee determination.
73.1,.4.4. A developer may provide studies and data to demonstrate that any
factor used by PSF may not be appropriately applied to the development
proposal.
1,3.1.4.5.Any appeal about fee amounts shall follow the process for the appeal
of the development application in the authority having jurisdiction for land
use approval.
13.L.4.6.Impact fees may be paid under protest to obtain a building permit or
a manufactured home permit.
ffi$-ze{ts-
PSRFA 2022 Mitigation and Level of Service Policy
33 lPage
13.1.5. Fee Collection PolicY
13.L.5.1. Payment of impact fees shall comply with the guidelines of chapter 82'02
RCW, applicable implementing city/county codes, and will be collected by the
jurisdiction having authority at time of permitting, or as defined by a required
development agreement. Impact or level of service fees shall be based on the most
recently adopted formula and fees. Any fees paid later than required shall be subject
to interest at a rate of one [1) percent per month'
73.1.5.2.A11 impact fees collected by the authority having jurisdiction shall be held in
separate account, transferred to PSF with interest, where they shall be held in a
reserve account used to fund PSF's Capital Improvement Plan. If impact fees are not
utilized within ten years of receipt, a refund will be issued to the developer with
interest.
13.1.5.3. All level of service fees collected, shall be held by PSF in a reserve account
used to fund PSF's Capital Improvement Plan. If a level of service fees is not utilized
within five years of receipt, a refund will be issued to the developer with interest.
!3.l.6.Multi-Family common space credit
13.7.6.1. Each MF dwelling unit shall be credited 50 square feet toward common
spaces (not including commercial spaces) in other parts of residential portions of the
structure. Total common spaces within the residential portion of the structure
exceeding the sum of 50 square feet times the number of total dwelling units shall be
assessed the per square foot fee identified in Appendix A for Commercial/lndustrial
properties for each square foot of common space exceeding the credited amount.
1,3.1.6.2. Common space credits per dwelling unit shall not apply to mixed use
developments where separate commercial and parking spaces are not part of the
common living areas of the multi-family space'
-<AD,
ffi+
PSRFA 2022 Mitigotion and Level of Service Policy
34lP age
!3.L.7. Fee Exempt Properties
13.L.7.1,. Shelters or dwelling units for temporary placement, which provide housing
to persons on a temporary basis not exceeding two weeks'
73.1,.7.2. Rebuilding or remodeling of a legally established structure destroyed or
damaged by fire, flood, explosion, act of nature or other accident or catastrophe;
provided, that a building permit for the rebuilding or remodeling is issued within one
year after such damage or destruction occurs. The exemption shall not apply to any
additional structure or expansion ofthe original square footage that is proposed to
be built on the same tax parcel on which the structure that was damaged or destroyed
is being rebuilt or remodeled.
13.1,.7.3. Projects in which existing dwelling units are converted into condominium
ownership and where no new dwelling units are created.
73.7.7.4.Any development activity that is exempt from the payment of an impact fee
pursuant to RCW 82.02.100(L), as amended.
13.1.7.5. Any development activity for which fire impacts have been mitigated
pursuant to a voluntary agreement entered into with PSF to pay fees, dedicate land
or construct or improve fire facilities; provided, that the agreement predates the
effective date of impact fee imposition,
1,3.1.7.6. Any development of 200 square feet or less that does not use or store
hazardous materials that would create a life safety risk.
13.7.7.7.Alterations of an existing nonresidential structure that does not expand the
useable space and that does not involve a change in use,
13.1.7.8. Demolition of or moving an existing structure within PSF from one site to
another.
1.3.L.7.g. Miscellaneous improvements that do not create additional demands and
need for fire protection facilities, including, but not limited to, fences, walls,
swimming pools, and signs.
13.1,.7.70. Alteration or expansion of or remodeling of an existing dwelling or
structure where the use is not changed.
PSRFA 2022 Mitigotion ond Level of Service Policy
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35 lPage
13.L,7.11,. Construction of an accessory dwelling unit on a parcel with an existing
single-family dwelling unit; provided however, that this shall only exempt the
construction from two-thirds of the normal residential impact fee that would
otherwise apply.
13.1,.7.L2. Pursuant to RCW 82.02.100(2), where automatic fire sprinklers are
voluntarily installed in single family residential occupancies, a reduced fee equal to
70o/o of the impact or level of service fee shall serve to mitigate the costs of needed
EMS and rescue resources.
1,3.L7.1,3. Existing structures retained and incorporated into a new subdivision of
land.
13.1.8. Agreements
13.1.8.1. All mitigation agreements between PSF and developers shall be recorded as
a lien against the property of the proposed development. Upon receipt of payment,
PSF will promptly notify the appropriate authority having jurisdiction and remove
any encumbrances recorded against the appropriate property'
PSRFA 2022 Mitigation ond Level of Service Policy
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36 lPage
14. PSF Funding Share
14.1. PSF Funding Participation: There is currently an identified need for additional fire
facilities and equipment in PSF related to growth that occurred prior to this policy. Total
funding of PSF's Capital Facilities and Equipment Plan is split between PSF and new
development. New development through impact fees or level of service fees shall only be
required to fund that share related to new growth. PSF will share in the expense of needed
resources as outlined below:
14.L.1, PSF will be directly responsible for the percentage of construction and
equipment costs beyond the growth share determined for new development.
L4.1.2. PSF will contribute shortages because of loss ol or default on collections of
impact and level of service fees.
74.1.3. Estimated revenues are never fully realized from development and PSF will
need to supplement shortages.
14.7.4. PSF will contribute the actual construction and equipment costs exceeding
original estimates.
1,4.1.5. Payment of unanticipated costs associated with implementing PSF Capital
Improvement Plan.
14.1.6. Advancing funds for capital expenses before total collection of impact fee or
level of service contributions.
L4.1,.7. Management of this policy, and the Capital Improvement Plan'
PSRFA 2022 Mitigation and Level of Service Policy
ffi+-4gt'}'
371? a ge
15. Adequate Provisions for Public Safety, Limitations, Intent of
Concurrency:
15.1. The safety and welfare of current and future residents of PSF is of paramount concern.
It is recognized that this policy may have limitations and may not provide definitive guidance
for effective mitigation of direct development impacts on PSF's service capacity in all cases.
L5.2.lt is not the intent of this policy to limit PSF's staff in making decisions outside of this
policy where those decisions and mitigation options serve the intent of maintaining
concurrency with development and protecting PSF's service capacity, making rational and
relational mitigation requests appropriate to the level of risk, and protecting the safety of the
public and firefighters in a fair and consistent manner,
16. Policy Review and Adiustment:
16.1. At least annually, this Policy will be reviewed and amended as necessary. This review
will include updates to reflect current level of service capacity. Amendments will be made
consistent with the annual revision of the six (6) year Capital Improvement Plan and shall be
approved through a resolution ofPSF's Governance Board'
PSRFA 2022 Mitigation and Level of Service Policy
ffi
38 lPage
ATTACHMENT A
Appendix A
LEVEL OF SERVICE & IMPACT FEE FORMULAS
LOS Formula Definitions
. Land Use Type: Defines the land use types and structure uses that impact fees are assessed on
System wide C&E: The construction and equipment costs for the ZO-year time span of the Puget
Sound RFA's Master Capital Facilities and Equipment Plan. This cost is updated based on a
combination of updated 6-year capital need changes and consumer price index (CPI) increases.
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
Res/Com Split: Percentage of annual emergency responses by property type; Residential = 60%0,
Commercial = 40o/o
Usage Factor: The portion of Res/Com Split that emergency response resources are used by a
specific property rype.
ERF Factor: The ERF or effective response force factor represents the size of the first alarm
emergency response in numbers of firefighters and equipment that is needed to effectively handle
the risk posed by that properly type.
New Dev Share: Represents the portion of C&E costs assigned to new development. The remaining
portion is to be paid for by the RFA through annual tax collections.
Proiected New Units: Defines the number of new units projected to be constructed within Puget
Sound Regional Fire Authority service area between 2014 and 2035
Impact Fee Amount: Represents the maximum fee to be paid by new development for each specific
property type. This fee amount may be reduced by 30o/o for single-family homes only if an automatic
sprinkler system is installed voluntarily.
LoS Formula Calculation
Projected New
Units 2014 -
2035
Impact FeeUsage
Factor
ERF
Factor
New
DevSystem wide
c&E
Res/Com
SplitLand Use Type
$1,989.9054o/o 7.73Single-Family
$2,100.r2 tJnit460/o r.4
B|o/a 16,884 Units$114,707,712 60o/o
Multi-Family
$1.9723o/o 2.75 B5o/oCommercia/lndustrial
950/o $1.81260/o 2Hospital/Medical Clinic/
Civic/School/Church
950/o $2.2027o/o 3Senior Living,/Assisted Care
/SF12,500,000 sF
$1.3920o/o 2 95o/o
$1.L4,707,71.2 40o/o
Service -
Project Permit #
Appendix B
Puget Sound Regional Fire Authority
Impact Fee Calculation for New Residential Development
Date of Analysis Project Address:
Project City:Land Parcel #
Impact Fee category (check one) and rate:
Single-Family ImPact fee rate:
Multi-Family ImPact fee rate:
$1.989,90/ Unit
PUGET SOUND
REGIONAL FIRE AUTHORITY
INTERNATIONALLY ACCR[DIT[D FIRE AGINCY
Optional Fee Credit for Single-Family Only:
Sprinklers installed voluntarily (circle one):
Total Fee Calculation:
Impact Fee Rate
Residential units in development
YES: 30%o NO: 0%
$2.L00.12 / Unit
=
x
Total impact fee amount
New Residential Impact Fee to be assessed:
Total impact fee amount $- optional fee credit for SFR
-o/o
= $-
Use for Multi-Family Only
$
Multi-Family Common Space Calculation:
Total Common Space in develoPment
Credit for Residential units in development (#
-""n,
:r rugf
Common Space area to be assessed
Commercial/lndustrial Impact fee rate
=
-SF
x $1.97 /SF
Common Space Impact Fee amount
Total New Multi-Family Impact Fee to be assessed:
New Residential IF amount $+ Common Space IF amount $
$
$
PUGET SOUND
REGIONAL FIRE AUTHORITY
INT[RNAiIONAI.LY ACCREDIT[D FIRE AGTNCY
Project Permit #
Appendix C
Puget Sound Regional Fire Authority
Impact Fee Calculation for New Commercial Development
Date of Analysis:Project Address
Project City:- Land Parcel #
Imnact fee category (check one) and rate:
Commercial/lndustrial
-H osp ita l/ M edical / Civic /
School/Church
Senior Living/Assisted Care
S e rvi ce- H otel/Restau r ant f Etc
Impact fee rate: $1.97/ SF
Impact fee rate:
Impact fee rate:
Impact fee rate:
$1.81 / SF
s2.20 / sF
$1.3e / SF
Total fee calculation:
Impact fee rate
Square footage of develoPment
Impact Fee to be assessed:
Total impact fee amount = $-
X
STATE OF WASHINGTON, COUNTY OF KING }
AFFIDAVIT OF PUBLICATION
PUBLIC NOTICE
Rudi Alcott, being first duly sworn on oath that he is the
Vice President of Advertising for Sound Publishing,
which publishes the
Kent Reporter
a weekly newspaper, which newspaper is a legal newspaper of general
circulation and is now and has beLn for more than six months prior to the date
of publication hereinafter referred to, published in the English language
.ontinuourly as a weekly newspaper in King County, Washington. The
Kent- Covington Reporter tras been approved as a Legal Newspaper by order of
the superior courr of the state of washington for King county.
The notice in the exact folm annexed was published in regular issues of
the Kent- Covington Reporter (and not in supplement form) which was regularly
distributed to its subscriters during the below stated period. The annexed
notice, a:
Public Notice #KENe42Bs3
was published on November 19'202L
The iull amount of the fee charged for said foregoing publication is the
sum of
Rudi Alcott
Vice President, Advertising
Subscribed and sworn to me this 19e day of November, 202L .
Notary Public for the State of Washington, Residing in
Orting,Washington
TLtftBtP',
*lror.fl
'ULLJ-J
Classified Proof
CITY OF KENT
NOTICE OF
ORDINANCES
PASSEDBYTHE CITY
couNclL
The following are surF
maries of ordinanms
passed by the Kent City
Council on November
16,2021.
ORDINANCE ilO. 4/113
-AN ORDINANCE ofthe
City Council of the City
of Kent, Washington, ap-
proving the consolidatingbudget adjusiments
made betleen July 1,
2021 and September 30,
2021, teflecting an over-
all budget increase of
$13,102,218.
This ordinance shall take
effect and be in force
five days after publica-
tion. as provided by law.
ORDINANCE NO, 4414
- AN ORDINANCE ofthe
City Council of the Cfuof Kent, Washington,
amending the Kent
Comprehensive Plan
and its Capital Facilities
Element to reflect a six-
year Capital lmprove-
ment Program ior capital
improvement projects
(2022 -2027 ) (CPA-202 1 -
3). This ordinance shall
take effect and be in
force 30 days from and
after its passage, as pro-
vided by law.
ORDINANCE NO, 44'5
- AN ORDINANCE of the
Ci9 Council of the Cttyof Kent, Washington,
amending the Kent
Comprehensive Plan
and its Capital Facilities
Element to include the
Capilql Faciliiies Plansof the Kent, Fedeml
Way, ancl Auburn Sehool
Districts (CPA-2021-4).
This ordinance will take
effeci and be in force 30
days from and after its
passage. as provided by
Proofed by Jennifer Tribbett, 11110/2021 12:43:14 pm Page:2
Classified Proof
law.
ORDINANCE NO. 4416
- AN ORDINANCE ofthe
Citv Council of the CitY
of ' Kent, Washington,amendinq Section
tz.tg.to6 0f the Kent
Citv Code to adjust the
scliool impact fee sch€d-
ules (CPA-2020-4)- This
ordinince shall take ef-
fect and be in force 30
davs from and after its
palsage, as ProvkJed bY
law.
ORDINANCE NO. 4417
- AN ORD| NANCE of the
City Council of the CitY
of ' Kent, Washington,
amonding the Kent
Comorehensive Plan
and its Capital Facilities
Element to include the
Six-Year CaPital lrn-
Drovement Plan of the
iruqei Sound RegionalFir; Authority
(CPA'2021-1 ). This ordi-
nanc,e will take effect
and be in force 30 daYs
from and after its Pas-
sage, as Provided bY
law.
ORDINANCE NO, 4418
- AN ORDI NANCE of the
City Council of the CitY
of ' Kent, Washinglon,
levying 2021 ProPertY
taxes for the second
vear of the 2021-2022
biennial budget for the
Ciiv of Kent. This ordi-
nance shall take effect
and be in force five daYs
after the date of its Publi-
cation as Provided for bY
RCW 35A.11.090 and
RCW 35A.12.130: how-
ever, the Property tax
levied through this ordi-
rrance shall not be as-
sessed for collection un-
lil January 1 ,2022.
oRotNAilcE NO. 4419
-AN ORDINANCE ofthe
Citv Council of the CitY
of kent, Washingion, re-
latino to the mid-biennial
revidw and modification
of lhe 2021-2022 biennr'
al budqet as required bY
RCW -35A.34.130 and
Ordinance No' 4381;
adopting certain modifi-
cations to the 2022 bud-
oet: and establishing an
;ffective date. This ordi-
nance shall take effect
and be in force five daYs
after the dete of its Publi-
cation as provided for bY
RcW 354.11.090 and
RCW 35A.12.130: how-
ever, the lludget author-
ized through this ordi-
nance shali be effective
Januaw 1, 2022.
ORDINANCE NO. 4420
. AN ORDINANCE Of thE
Citv Council of ihe CitY
of kent, Washinqton, re-
latiuo to land use and
zoniig, sPecificallY the
rezoninq of a 4.48-acre
oarcel i-ocated al 23703
Milita.v Road South,
Kent, 'Washington from
cC (Community Com-
mercibl) to GC (General
Commercial). This ordi-
nanc,e shall take effect
and be in force 30 daYs
from and after its Pas-
Proofed by Jennifer Tribbett' 1111012021 12:43:14 pm Page:3
Classified Proof
sage.
A copy cf
text of any
be mai{ed
of the City
the complete
crdinance vrill
uporr request
Clerk.
Kinberlev A. KornDto.
City Clerk
Kkomoto@KentWA.qov.
253-856-5725
# 942853
11i19t21
Proofed by Jennifer Tribbett, 1111012021 12:43:14 pm Page:4