HomeMy WebLinkAbout1598RESOLUTION NO. / S'! f?
A RESOLUTION of the City Council of the City
of Kent, Washington, adopting "Best Management
Practices" for the maintenance of the City's street and
utility systems, to promote the conservation and
protection of threatened or endangered species.
WHEREAS, the City of Kent has a strong commitment to provide its
citizens with a safe and reliable water and sewer utility system, and with a safe and
efficient street transportation system; and
WHEREAS, the City of Kent has a substantial investment in its streets
and in its water and sewer utility systems in order to provide these systems at the
level of service appropriate for all the users of these city systems; and
WHEREAS, in order to provide this level of service and in order to
maintain compliance with a broad array of state and federal laws that regulate the
city's operation of these systems, the city undertakes regular, periodic and emergency
maintenance of these facilities; and
WHEREAS, some portions of these city systems are located within or
adjacent to wetlands, streams, lakes, and steep slope areas; and
WHEREAS, the city is also committed to providing a safe and healthy
natural environment and, specifically, is committed to promote the conservation and
protection of threatened or endangered species; and
I ESA-Best Management Practices
WHEREAS, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)
and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) have listed chinook salmon, bull
trout, and certain other fish species as "threatened" or "endangered" in the state of
Washington under the Endangered Species Act (ESA); and
WHEREAS, some of the work necessary to maintain and replace street
and utility facilities in and adjacent to aquatic habitat where listed species occur could
conflict with conditions that may be imposed under the ESA; and
WHEREAS, these potential conflicts could also jeopardize the
reliability of existing city systems, thereby placing public health and safety at risk;
and
WHEREAS, it is in the best interest of the city to effectively maintain,
operate and replace its facilities, while at the same time employing the city's best
efforts to avoid or minimize the risk of engaging in the unpermitted "take" or harm to
threatened or endangered species; and
WHEREAS, city staff have undertaken an exhaustive analysis of street
and utility maintenance procedures employed by other jurisdictions in Western
Washington, and have attempted to employ the best available science to develop a set
of "Best Management Practices" (BMP's) for the maintenance, operation and repair
of the city's street and utility systems; and
WHEREAS, it is appropriate to implement these BMP's at this time.
NOW THEREFORE,
THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF KENT, WASHINGTON
DOES HEREBY RESOLVE AS FOLLOWS:
SECTION 1. Recitals Incorporated. The foregoing Recitals are
incorporated into the body of this Resolution by this reference.
2 ESA-Best Management Practices
SECTION 2. BMP's adopted. In order to promote the conservation
and protection of threatened or endangered species, and to avoid the associated risk,
the City of Kent adopts Part 2 of the "Regional Road Maintenance Endangered
Species Act Program Guidelines," attached and incorporated as Exhibit A, and the
"Best Management Practices Framework for Maintenance and Repair of Water and
Sewer Utilities In and Near Wetlands and Streams," attached and incorporated as
Exhibit B. The City has used its best efforts to employ the best available science to
be in compliance with current federal, state and local standards, rules, regulations and
environmental documents.
SECTION 3. Adaptive Management to be Employed. The practices
established in these BMP's are designed to avoid or reduce impacts to aquatic habitat.
Although based on best available science and practice, these BMP's are unlikely to
remain static or unchanging, because new developments in science, law and
regulations will likely result m new or improved methods of environmental
protection. Amending these BMP's or adjusting the practices established by these
BMP's to meet these new methods of environmental protection results in applying an
"Adaptive Management" approach that will allow the City to regularly employ new
management practices as they become available, where appropriate. As a result, the
city also authorizes its staff to employ Adaptive Management as it implements these
BMP's.
SECTION 4. Purpose. The city adopts these BMP's as a starting
point for system specific plans, to the extent necessary, for the following purposes:
(I) to demonstrate compliance with the ESA with regard to system maintenance,
operation and repair; (2) to promote the conservation and protection of threatened or
endangered species; (3) to secure protection from claims or suits under the ESA; (4) if
determined to be necessary, to secure incidental take permits from the NMFS and/or
the USFWS through the preparation of Habitat Conservation Plans; and (5) to assist
the city to secure local, state and federal permits.
3 ESA-Best Management Practices
SECTION 5. Severability. If any section, subsection, paragraph,
sentence, clause, or phrase of this resolution is declared unconstitutional or invalid for
any reason, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this
resolution.
SECTION 6. Ratification. Any act consistent with the authority and
prior to the effective date of this resolution is hereby ratified and affirmed.
SECTION 7. Effective Date. This resolution shall take effect
immediately upon its passage, as provided by law.
PASSED at a regular open public meeting by the City Council of the
City of Kent, Washington, this ;7 day of §1 ~ , 200 I.
CONCURRED in by the Mayor of the City of Kent this /7 day of ?fry ,2001. . /7 .
/-,,1'--
JIM
ATTEST:
~ .{). ' tJc~-·~
BRENDAJACOBER,C CLERK
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
OVICH, CITY ATTO
I hereby certify that this is a true and correct copy of Resolution No. I 59 S'
passed by the City Council of the City of Kent, Washington, the 12 day of [Ju ''f , 2001.
~.~~~
'BRENDA JACOBER, Y CLERK (SEAL)
P:ICiviliRe~olutioniBMPs.Road&Util.do.::
4 ESA-Best Management Practices
EXHIBIT "A"
11~111
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11 ~1111
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PART2-
BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
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2.2
PART 2-BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction ................................................................................................ 2.5
Processes And Prtnciples Of Erosion And Sedimentation···················:········· 2.8
How To Use The, BMP Portions Of These Guidelines ............................... ~ ... 2.10
Activity /BMP Planning/Selection Sample Checklist .................................. 2.14
Activity /BMP Pre-construction/Maintenance Sample Checklist.. ............... 2.15
Activity /BMP Implementation Sample Checklist.. ...................................... 2.16
Outcome Category: Keep Water From Work Area ....................................... 2.17
Outcome Category: Reduce Soil From Becoming Water Or Air Borne ........ 2.18
Outcome Category: Filter /Perimeter Protection ......................................... 2.19
Outcome Category: Settling ....................................................................... 2.20
Outcome Category: Reduce Water Velocity/Erosive Forces ......................... 2.21
Outcome Category: Containment ............................................................... 2.22
Outcome Category: Habitat Protection/Maintenance ................................. 2.23
Outcome Category: Reduce Contaminants Falling Into Water ................... 2.24
BMP /Outcome Categories Matrix .............................................................. 2.25
BMP: Aqua Barner .................................................................................... 2.27
BMP: Backslope Planting ........................................................................... 2.30
BMP: Cofferdam ........................................................................................ 2.32
BMP: Coir Fabric ....................................................................................... 2.35
BMP: Coir Log ........................................................................................... 2.37
BMP: Concrete Containment (1) ................................................................ 2.40
BMP: Concrete Containment (2) ................................................................ 2.43
BMP: Construction Access Road ................................................................ 2.45
BMP: Continuous Berm ............................................................................. 2.48
BMP: Curb Inlet Sediment Trap ................................................................. 2.51
BMP: Dewatertng ....................................................................................... 2.57
BMP: Diaper Netting ................................................................................. 2.59
BMP: Ditch Lining ..................................................................................... 2.61
BMP: Diversion Berm ................................................................................ 2.63
BMP: Diversion Channel ........................................................................... 2.65
BMP: Dust Control .................................................................................... 2.68
BMP: Excelsior Filled Log .......................................................................... 2. 70
BMP: Filter Fabric ..................................................................................... 2. 72
BMP: Grass Lined Channel ....................................................................... 2.74
2.3
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
BMP: Gravel Filled Sump ........................................................................... 2. 78
BMP: Half Round Filter ··································································"···<····· 2. 79
BMP: Hand Seeding .................................................................................. 2.81 ., .
BMP: Hydroseeding ................................................................................... 2.83
BMP: Inlet Protection ................................................................................. 2.85
BMP: Kimble Filter Pipe ............................................................................ 2.92
BMP: Large Woody Debris ......................................................................... 2.94
BMP: Live Staking ..................................................................................... 2.99
BMP: Mulching ....................................................................................... 2.103
BMP: Plastic Covering .............................................................................. 2.105
BMP: Plywood Work Platform ................................................................... 2.107
BMP: Rip Rap .......................................................................................... 2.109
BMP: Rock Check Dam ............................................................................ 2.111
BMP: Sandbag ......................................................................................... 2.115
BMP: Sedimentation Sump ..................................................................... 2.119
BMP: Silt Fence ....................................................................................... 2.120
BMP: Silt Mat .......................................................................................... 2.123
BMP: Siltation Pond/Settling Tank .......................................................... 2.125
BMP: Soil Stabilization (Blankets And Matting) ....................................... 2.128
BMP: Straw Bale Barrier (1) ..................................................................... 2.133
BMP: Straw Bale Barrier (2) ..................................................................... 2.136
BMP: Straw Bale Barrier (3) ..................................................................... 2.141
BMP: Straw Log ....................................................................................... 2.144
BMP: Stream Bank Stabilization (Bio-engineering) .................................. 2.147
BMP: Stream Bypass ............................................................................... 2.148
BMP: Streambed Gravel ........................................................................... 2.152
BMP: Surface Roughening ....................................................................... 2.154
BMP: Sweeping ....................................................................................... 2.158
BMP: Temporary Sediment Trap .............................................................. 2.161
BMP: Triangular Silt Dike ........................................................................ 2.164
BMP: Turbidity Curtain ........................................................................... 2.168
BMP: Vactoring ....................................................................................... 2.172
BMP: Vegetative Buffer ............................................................................ 2.17 4
BMP: Washed Rock ................................................................................. 2, 176
2.4
INTRODUCTION
Part 2 of these Guidelines provides a detailed BMP reference to road crew
supervisors, environmental support staff (such as biologists and environmental
engineers). and design engineers. ·
PURPOSE AND SCOPE
As stated in Part l of these Guidelines, this Regional Program applies to
roadway maintenance operations, utility maintenance, and maintenance of
stormwater facilities. Maintenance of other public facilities, such as buildings
and parks. are not included in this program. The BMPs provided in Part 2 of
these Guidelines apply to maintenance activities, which fall under the
following definition:
Maintenance: Repair and maintenance includes activities that:
(a) are conducted on currently serviceable structures, facilities, and
equipment;
(b) involve no expansion of or change in use of such structures, facilities,
and equipment beyond those which existed previously: and,
(c) do not result in significant negative hydrological impact.
Repair and maintenance include those usual activities taken to prevent
a decline, lapse, or cessation in the use of structures and systems and
includes replacement of dysfunctioning facilities. Repair and
maintenance also include the replacement of existing structures with
different types of structures, PROVIDED THAT such replacement is
required to meet current engineering standards or by one or more
environmental permits and the functioning characteristics of the
original structure are not changed. (An example would be replacing a
collapsed, fish blocking, round or wooden culvert, with a new box culvert
under the same span, or width of roadway.)
OUTCOME BASED APPROACH
It is critical to emphasize the outcome based approach to this manual. BMPs
must be selected based on the conservation and BMP outcomes listed in Part l
of these Guidelines. Part 2 is organized by Outcome Category, to aid road crew
supervisors, environmental support staff. and design engineers in selecting
BMPs which achieve the desired outcome(s).
2.5
INTRODUCTION (continued)
Compliance with this Regional Program will be judged based on the outcome
achieved by the BMPs selected. Crew supervisors, environmental support staff,
and design engineers take into consideration the applicability and limitations
of each potential· BMP, as outlined in these Guidelines, before making the
final decision on which BMPs to use for a given project.
This program relies on training, monitoring and adaptive management, and
support from regulatory agencies issuing permits for work in watercourses and
streams. Training, as well as monitoring and adaptive management, are
described in Part l of these Guidelines. Regulatory agency permits are
prescribed at the federal, state and local levels.
These Guidelines identifY conservation outcomes and BMPs to be used in
watercourses or streams. It is recognized that there is a need to map these
areas within road rights-of-way. At this time, there is no complete,
comprehensive, mapping of fish bearing waters, or habitat affecting listed
species. Each agency will keep records of information provided by regulatory
agencies regarding habitat locations. (See Program Element 9)
In the absence of complete, comprehensive mapping data, safeguards have
been built into this Regional Program to ensure that appropriate BMPs are
used in watercourses and streams. Prior to commencing work in any
watercourses or streams, agencies must consult with the Washington State
Department of Fish and Wildlife (WSDFW), and, if deemed necessary by
WSDFW staff, obtain a Hydraulic Project Approval (HPA). Until such time as
comprehensive mapping data is available, and approved by the Services,
agencies will check with WSDFW prior to commencement of work in any water,
or in any dry area where there is seasonal water. WSDFW will determine
whether or not the water is a watercourse or stream requiring an HPA. If the
water body is a watercourse or stream, as defined in this manual. BMPs and
conservation outcomes must be selected accordingly.
If an HPA is issued, compliance with HPA conditions is required by state law,
and is also a required BMP under these Guidelines. Complying with HPA
conditions does not constitute compliance with this Regional Program. BMPs
must be used as outlined in these outcome-based Guidelines; this could mean
that additional BMPs might be desirable, beyond those specified in the HPA.
Any additional BMPs must be approved by WSDFW prior to use on HPA
permitted projects.
2.6
INTRODUCTION (continued)
PERMIT REGULATION
Implementation of BMPs in accordance with these Guidelines does n.ot exempt
participating agencies from local, state, and federal permits required by 'raw.
In fact, permit compliance is specifically spelled out as a BMP requirement in
these Guidelines. Simply following permit requirements does not, however,
constitute compliance with this Regional Program. To receive coverage under
this program, BMPs must be used to achieve the conservation outcomes
identified in Part l of these Guidelines.
SUGGESTED OPERATING PROCEDURES
Each agency will adopt its own detailed Suggested Operating Procedures
(SOPs). Performance standards will vary from agency to agency. depending on
labor contracts, equipment inventory, geography, degree of urbanization, and
other agency-specific factors. Agency-specific performance standards will
incorporate the BMPs as outlined in these Guidelines.
Individual agencies will clearly outline the activity decision-making process.
Job classifications for individuals responsible for making BMP decisions will be
identified, and appropriate training will be provided. Permit application
processes, and the process for consulting with biological support staff. will also
be identified. Since SOPs are agency-specific, they are not included in these
Guidelines. As part of the program review and approval process outlined in
Part l of these Guidelines, WSDOT will review each agency's written program
to determine compliance. If WSDOT determines an applicant agency program
complies with the ten Regional Program Elements, WSDOT will provide a
written statement, to that effect, to the Services. The Services have authority
to issue final approval for a take limit.
2.7
PROCESSES AND PRINCIPLES OF
EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION
Soil disturbance, whether by natural forces or by construction and
maintenance activities, drastically accelerates the rate of erosion. Careful
planning combined with proper selection and installation of erosion control
measures can reduce the impact of construction and maintenance related
erosion.
SOIL EROSION PROCESS
• Splash erosion results when raindrops fall on bare or sparsely vegetated
soil and detach the soil particles.
• Sheet erosion occurs when these soil particles are transported in a thin
layer, or sheet, by flowing water.
• Rills and gullies are formed by concentrated, high velocity sheet flow.
More soil detaches, increasing the erosion damage.
• Stream and channel erosion occurs by even higher rates of velocity and
steepness of slope.
• Wind erosion occurs during dry weather conditions and high winds. Size
of particles being moved is related to wind velocity. Particles moved by
wind may cause air pollution, soil loss and/or water quality degradation.
Water quality and fish habitat are the major concerns associated with soil
movement. Best Management Practices combined with training and oversight
will enable road maintenance personnel to lessen the effects of soil erosion and
stream, wetland and lake sedimentation.
PRINCIPLES OF EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL
Effective erosion and sedimentation control requires first that the soil surface
be protected from the erosive forces of wind, rain, and runoff, and second that
eroded soil be captured on-site. The following principles shall be integrated
into a system of control measures and management techniques to control
erosion and reduce off-site sediment migration.
Minimize the Extent and Duration of Exposure
Scheduling can be a very effective means of reducing the hazards of erosion.
Schedule construction activities to minimize the exposed area and the duration
of exposure. Stabilize disturbed areas as quickly as possible.
2.8
Protect Areas to be Distrubed from Stormwater Runoff
Use berms, diversions, pumps, dams, barriers and constructed waterways to
intercept runoff and divert it away from cut-and-fill slopes or other disturbed
areas. Install these measures before beginning maintenance activities.
Stabilize Disturbed Areas
Removing the vegetative cover and altering the soil structure by clearing the
surface increases an area's susceptibility to erosion. Apply stabilizing
measures after the land is disturbed and implement temporary or permanent
vegetation, mulches, or other BMP's to correspond With maintenance activities.
During the Winter season, October through June, no soils shall remain exposed
and unworked for more than 2 days. During the summer season, July through
September, no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 7 days.
This condition applies to all soils on site, whether at final grade or not. Protect
channels from erosive forces by using protective linings.
Mimimize Runoff Velocities
Clearing existing vegetation reduces the surface roughness and infiltration
rate, thereby increasing runoff velocities and volumes. Use measures that
break the slopes to reduce the problems associated With concentrated flow
volumes and runoff velocities.
Retain Sediment on the Site
Even With careful planning some erosion is unavoidable. The resulting
sediment must be trapped on the site. Plan the location where sediment
deposition will occur and maintain access for cleanout. Whenever possible,
plan and construct sediment traps and basins before other land-disturbing
activities.
Inspect and Maintain Control Measures
Inspection and maintenance is vital to the performance of erosion and
sedimentation BMP's. Always evaluate the consequences of a measure failing
when considering which BMP to use, since failure of a BMP may be hazardous
or damaging to roadway infrastructure, habitat, people and/or property. It is
essential to inspect all BMP's to determine that they are working properly and
to ensure that problems are corrected as soon as they develop.
2.9
1:.!!1: HOW TO USE THE BMP PORTIONS OF THESE GUIDELINES
The success of the BMP portion of these Guidelines is dependent upon all of
the following:
• Understanding the reason for the Guidelines and the BMPs.
• Understanding the concepts presented in these Guidelines.
• Understanding how the BMPs can be useful in daily operations.
• Effectiveness of training in BMP selection, installation. monitoring/
maintenance, and removal.
• Exchanging information regarding individual BMP experiences.
PURPOSE
The purposes of BMPs include the following:
• Minimizing erosion and sedimentation as a result of road maintenance
activities I tasks.
• Containing pollutants.
• IdentifYing and maximizing opportunities for implementing habitat
protection/maintenance features.
• Coverage under 4 (d) Rule(s).
The intent of these Guidelines is to be "outcome based". Installing a BMP in
and of itself does not always meet all of the purposes. The work site and BMPs
must be monitored and maintained properly. If the BMPs do not produce the
desired outcomes, modifications to those BMPs (or additional BMPs to be used
in combination with the existing BMPs) may be required.
READ THE GUIDELINES
It is important to read the entire Guidelines to gain a basic understanding of
the reasons for and concepts presented in the Guidelines and how BMPs can
be useful in daily operations. Part 1, "Program Element 3: Road Maintenance
BMPs and Conservation Outcomes" and Part 2 "Best Management Practices"
will be used in tandem to perform maintenance tasks and implement BMPs.
Road maintenance tasks have been divided into fourteen (14) maintenance
category sections in Part 1, Program Element 3:
• Roadway Surface.
• Enclosed Drainage Systems.
• Cleaning Enclosed Drainage Systems.
• Open Drainage Systems.
• Watercourses and Streams.
2.10
• Stream Crossings.
• Gravel Shoulders.
• Street Sutface Cleaning.
• Bridge Maintenance.
• Snow and Ice Control.
• Emergency Slide/Washout Repair.
• Concrete.
• Sewer Systems.
• Water Systems.
Each section includes activities, purpose, BMP outcomes, BMPs, and potential
conservation outcomes. Some ofthe BMPs outlined in Part l (pages 1.15-
1.72) are rather routine, while others require more detailed information.
Those BMPs requiring more information are included in Part 2 (in alphabetical
order).
CONSERVATION OUTCOMES
While developing these guidelines, the Road Maintenance Technical Working
Group identified "Conservation Outcomes" as a result of performing road
maintenance activities (provided the purposes of implementing BMPs in
conjunction With the activities are met).
BMP OUTCOME CATEGORIES
When revieWing the proposed maintenance/construction activity, it is
important to remember some basic understanding of erosion/sediment
control. It is easier and more effective to prevent the soil particles/
contaminants from initially becoming air or water borne (entering or mixing
with the water) than to separate them after they have mixed. To help select
the appropriate BMP for your specific application, the BMPs in Part 2 have
been grouped into eight outcome categories:
• Keep Water from Work Area.
• Reduce Potential for Soil from Becoming Water or Air Borne.
• Filter /Perimeter Protection.
• Settling.
• Reduce Water Velocity/Erosive Forces.
• Containment.
• Habitat Protection/Maintenance.
• Reduce Potential for Contaminants Falling into Water.
2.1 I
HOW TO USE THE BMP PORTIONS OF THESE GUIDELINES (continued)
More information about these eight outcome categories are outline(! o!l pages
2.17-2.26. (A "BMP Options/ Applications'' matrix is provided on pages 2.25 -
2.26 to summarize this information.) The following information is included:
• Definition.
• Desired Outcome.
• Applications.
• Limitations.
• Permit Conditions.
• BMP Options (Including but not limited to).
The individual BMPs in Part 2 include the following information about each
BMP:
• Description.
• Purpose.
• Applications.
• Limitations.
• Construction Guidelines.
• BMP Maintenance.
• BMP Removal.
SITE VISITS
Prior to starting an activity conduct a site visit to gather information,such as,
scope of activity, work area. potential staging and temporary storage areas,
proximity to sensitive areas or drainage features, soil conditions, existing
vegetation, amount of onsite water, slopes, traffic, and initial assessment of
BMP options. This information will be used to help plan the activity; identify
the maintenance/construction methods, sequence, and schedule; determine
crew size and expertise, equipment and materials; and select the BMP or
combination of BMPs.
SELECTING/IMPLEMENTING THE BMP OR COMBINATION OF BMPS
There is no ideal or perfect BMP for each specific activity or crew! Generally a
combination of several BMPs are required to meet the desired outcome. These
guidelines will aid in the selection process. The following steps will help make
a successful BMP selection and work activity:
2.12
HOW TO USE THE BMP PORTIONS OF THESE GUIDELINES (continued)
l. Use the following checklists and/or develop and use your own
checklist.
2. Become familiar with the guidelines. '
3. Identify the ''Maintenance Category(s)" to be performed and BMP
categories.
4. Define the activity, scope, and limits.
5. Conduct a site visit.
6. Review BMP options.
7. List those BMPs (both Part 1 and Part 2) applicable to the
"Maintenance Category(s)" and site conditions.
8. Select the BMP(s), which will meet the desired outcome.
9. Secure all permits.
10. Prepare a maintenance/construction sequence, plan, and schedule.
11. Conduct a Pre-Maintenance/Construction Meeting to go over the
activity, roles and responsibilities, and BMP(s) (installation,
monitoring/maintenance, and removal).
12. Gather all the necessary crews, equipment, and materials.
13. Implement the BMP(s) by following guidelines, instructions, and/or
plans.
14. Keep records.
15. Ask for help (if required).
WHO TO CALL FOR HELP
Generally, follow your own jurisdiction/agency "Suggested Operating
Procedures" or Protocols for assistance. Other jurisdictions/agencies with
membership in the "Regional Road Maintenance Managers' Committee" may
be able to offer additional assistance.
ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT
One of the goals of these Guidelines is to be adaptive. As the Guidelines are
used, it is anticipated the BMPs will be revised to be more successful and new
BMPs will be developed. Please keep records of your successes, failures, and
revisions to the Guidelines and BMPs and provide the information to a
member of the "Regional Road Maintenance Managers' Committee." (See
Appendix E).
2.13
ACTIVITY/BMP PLANNING/SELECTION
SAMPLE CHECKLIST
ACTIVITY INFORMATION
Locab'on: Maintenance Activity:
Lead: Date:
Description of Activity:
CHECKLIST
Steps Completed Comments
Make site visit before slatting work.
Define acovity, scope and limits.
Identify sens1ffve areas and drainage features
Review BMP opoons related to "Maintenance Categol'f". site
specific conditions. and crew expertise.
Are fish present (or likely to be present) in work area or
activity impact area. (If yes, contact environmental support
staff or WSDFW)
Will fish exclusion be required? (ff yes, coordinate "'dl
designated staff or agency.)
List applicable BMPs (From: Guidelines Patti & 2)
Select BMP(s) which will meet desired "outcome".
Secure all permits/approvals.
Read and understand aff permWapprovaf conditions.
Is ~Ecological Support" required to review plans, provide
crew support, schedule, sequences, and/or BMP(s) (refer to
local agency SOPs)?
Prepare construction/maintenance plan, schedule, and
sequence (Including instal/anon, monitoring, maintaimng. &
removing BMP(s)).
Schedule a pre-maintenance/construction meeb'ng.
Keep records of observab'ons, discussions, decisions.
acoons, & responses and attach to this checklist or put in
acovity 5/e.
2.14
I
ACTIVITY /BMP PRE-CONSTRUCTION/MAINTENANCE
MEETING SAMPLE CHECKLIST
ACTIVITY INFORMATION
Loca#on: Maintenance Aclvity:
Lead: Date:
Descnption of Activity:
CHECKLIST
Steps Completed Comments
Invite key/appropriate personnel and/or agencies.
Prepare agenda and attendancel"sign-inff form.
Outline construction/maintenance plan, schedule, and
sequence (Including instaflation, monitoring, maintaining, &
removing BMP(s)).
Identify sensitive areas and drainage features.
If fish exclusion reqwred, follow Fish Exclusion Protocol in
Appendix B.
Clarify roles & responsibilities of all personnel & agencies
related to all aspects of the activity.
Discuss all permits/approvals and their condilons.
If "Ecological Support" is required to be "on·site" during
work activities: introduce personnel and their role(s).
Discuss contingency planning & responses.
Keep records of discussions, decisions, actions, &
responses and aaach to this checklist or put in project nle.
2.15
ACTIVITY /BMP IMPLEMENTATION (INSTALLATION/MONITORING/
MAINTAINING/REMOVING) SAMPLE CHECKLIST
ACTIVITY INFORMATION
Location: Maintenance Activity:
Lead: Date:
Description of Activity:
CHECKLIST
Steps Ccmpleted Comments
Identify/mark work area and locanon of BMP(s).
Arrange for delivery of BMP(s) products.
Incorporate Ecologist support as appropriate
Make sure BMP(s) are installed in accordance With
Construc~·an Guidelines or plans and specificab·ans.
Momtor!check BMP(s) routinely to make sure BMP outcomes
are properly met, and repairs, adjustments, and/or additions
are made.
Remove BMP(s) andre-vegetate in accordance with
guidelines.
Keep records of observations, discussions, decisions,
acnons, & responses and attach to this checklist or put in
projectlile.
Review activity as possible model tor training and/or
adaph·ve management discussions.
2.16
OUTCOME CATEGORY:
KEEP WATER FROM WORK AREA
Definition: The BMPs in this category are used to keep water from reaching
the work area or disturbed soils generally through a by-pass/diversio!l or
interception process. '
Desired Outcome: The desired outcome of these BMPs is to by-pass/divert
sheet flow, storwater or stream flow around the work area. The intercepted
water will be discharged to an acceptable storm drainage system or stream.
Applications: These BMPs work well:
• In streams or ditches where the normal flow can be piped around the
work area by temporarily damming and conveying the flow by pumping
or gravity.
• Covering stock piles or disturbed soils with impermeable fabric to
intercept rainfall.
• Diverting sheet flow around work area or disturbed soils by constructing
upslope berms or channels.
Limitations: These BMPs are often used in combination with other BMPs
(i.e.: dewatering work area, grass lined swales). Refer to individual BMP
limitations.
Permit Conditions: Follow acceptable procedures. if required, to exclude fish
from work area. Reintroduce water flow into the work area to reduce sediment
transport. Comply with permit requirements. Inspect and maintain BMPs
according to the guidelines established in the Regional Road Maintenance
ESA Program Manual.
BMP Options (Include but not limited to):
• Aqua Barrier.
• Coffer Dam.
• Dewatering.
• Diversion Berm.
• Diversion Channel.
• Plastic Covering.
• Sandbag.
• Stream Bypass.
• Vactoring.
2.17
OUTCOME CATEGORY: REDUCE POTENTIAL FOR
SOIL FROM BECOMING WATER OR AIR BORNE
Definition: The BMPs in this category work to keep soil particles from the
disturbed areas from becoming water or air borne.
Desired Outcome: The desired outcome of these BMPs is to keep the water
clean by reducing soil particles from becoming water or air borne.
Application: These BMPs work well to stabilize:
• Slopes.
• Soils.
• Roadways.
• Channels.
Limitations: Often used in combination with other BMPs allowing the
disturbed area to stabilize. Refer to individual BMP limitations.
Permit Conditions: Comply with permit requirements. Inspect and maintain
BMPs according to individual guidelines.
BMP Options (Include but not limited to):
• Backslope Planting.
• Construction Access Road.
• Ditch Lining.
• Dust Control.
• Filter Fabric.
• Grass Lined Channel.
• Hand Seeding.
• Hydroseeding.
• Live Staking.
• Mulching.
• Plastic Covering.
• Soil Stabilization (Blankets/Matting).
• Surface Roughening.
• Sweeping.
• Vegetative Buffer.
2.18
OUTCOME CATEGORY:
FILTER/PERIMETER PROTECTION
Definition: The BMPs in this category reduce soil particles/contaminants as
the water passes through a filtering device. This will also apply to perimeter
protection around the job site. · ,
Desired Outcome: The desired outcome of these BMPs is to reduce soil
particles/ contaminants before the water discharges from the job site.
Application: These BMPs work well:
• When the rate of flow is relatively low and the filter can be inspected and
maintained to ensure the BMP continues to function.
• Perimeter protection around job site.
Limitations: Not effective in high flows or for removal of high percentage of
fine-grained materials. Refer to individual BMP limitations.
Permit Conditions: Comply with permit requirements. Inspect and maintain
BMPs according to individual guidelines.
BMP Options (Include but not limited to):
• Coir Log .
• Continuous Berm .
• Curb Inlet Sediment Trap .
• Excelsior Filled Log .
• Filter Fabric .
• Grass Lined Channel.
• Gravel Filled Sump .
• Half Round Filter.
• Inlet Protection .
• Kimble Filter Pipe .
• Silt Fence .
• Silt Mat .
• Straw Bale Barrier (1).
• Straw Bale Barrier (2).
• Straw Bale Barrier (3).
• Straw Log.
• Washed Rock.
2.19
OUTCOME CATEGORY:
SETTLING
Definition: The BMPs in this category allows particles/contaminants to settle
as the water velocity decreases.
Desired Outcome: The desired outcome of these BMPs is to reduce soil
particles/ contaminants before the water discharges from the job site.
Application: These BMPs work well:
• When the rate of flow is relatively low.
• When there is sufficient space or volume to properly size a settling BMP.
Limitations: Not effective in high flows or for removal of high percentage of
fine-grained materials. Refer to individual BMP limitations.
Permit Conditions: Comply with permit requirements. Inspect and maintain
BMPs according to individual guidelines.
BMP Options (Include but not limited to):
• Coir Log.
• Continuous Berm.
• Curb Inlet Sediment Trap.
• Excelsior Filled Log.
• Filter Fabric.
• Rock Check Dam.
• Sandbag.
• Sedimentation Sump.
• Silt Fence.
• Silt Mat.
• Siltation Pond/Tank.
• Straw Bale Barrier (1).
• Straw Bale Barrier (2).
• Straw Bale Barrier (3).
• Straw Log.
• Temporary Sediment Trap.
• Triangular Silt Dike.
• Turbidity Curtain.
2.20
OUTCOME CATEGORY:
REDUCE WATER VELOCITY/EROSIVE FORCES
Definition: The BMPs in this category reduce or diminish the water velocity,
thereby dissipating its erosive force.
Desired Outcome: The desired outcome of these BMPs is to create energy
dissipation and reduce erosion.
Application: These BMPs work well:
• On stream and ditch banks.
• In swales.
• In waterbodies.
• On slopes.
• On large disturbed areas.
Limitations: These BMPs should not be used when maintenance activities are
conducted in locations which could reduce actual or potential high flow
salmonid refuge functions, these BMPs may be used if required by permit
conditions. Refer to individual BMP limitations.
Permit Conditions: Comply with permit requirements. Inspect and maintain
BMP's according to individual guidelines.
BMP Options (Include but not limited to):
• Backslope Planting. • Sandbag.
• Coir Fabric. • Silt Fence.
• Coir Log. • Silt Mat.
• Continuous Berm. • Straw Bale Barrier (1).
• Ditch Lining. • Straw Bale Barrier (2).
• Excelsior Filled Log. • Straw Bale Barrier (3).
• Hand Seeding. • Straw Log.
• Hydroseeding. • Stream Bank Bio-Engineering.
• Large Woody Debris. • Surface Roughening.
• Live Staking. • Triangular Silt Dike.
• Mulching. • Turbidity Curtain.
• Rip Rap. • Vegetative Buffer.
• Rock Check Dam.
2.21
lll'lll
1 1 ~'1111
111'1111
111'11'
OUTCOME CATEGORY:
CONTAINMENT il ..
Definition: The BMPs in this category retain water and soil particles/
contaminants on the work site.
Desired Outcome: The desired outcome of these BMPs is to reduce water
discharge from the job site.
Application: These BMPs work well:
• On stream and ditch banks.
• In swales.
• In waterbodies.
• On slopes.
• On Large disturbed areas.
Limitations: These BMPs should not be used when maintenance activities are
conducted in locations which could reduce actual or potential high flow
salmonid refuge functions, these BMPs may be used if required by permit
conditions. Refer to individual BMP limitations.
Permit Conditions: Comply with permit requirements. Inspect and maintain
BMP's according to individual guidelines.
BMP Options (Include but not limited to):
• Concrete Containment (1).
• Concrete Containment (2).
• Vactoring.
2.22
OUTCOME CATEGORY:
HABITAT PROTECTION/MAINTENANCE
Definition: The BMPs in this category maintain or protect habitat.
Desired Outcome: The desired outcome of these BMPs is to maintain or
protect habitat by providing:
• Bank/slope stabilization.
• Spawning/rearing areas.
• Habitat shading.
• Reducing erosion by providing ground cover. binding soil particles with
roots. and lowering water velocity.
• Provides habitat for primary production.
• Provides habitat for prey base organisms such as macro-invertebrates.
Application: These BMPs work well in:
• Riparian areas.
• Sensitive areas.
• Watercourses and streams.
Limitations: These BMPs should be done in accordance with design. Refer to
individual BMP limitations.
Permit Conditions: Comply with permit requirements. Inspect and maintain
BMPs according to individual guidelines.
BMP Options (Include but not limited to):
• Coir Fabric .
• Coir Log .
• Excelsior Filled Log .
• Hand Seeding .
• Hydroseeding .
• Large Woody Debris .
• Live Staking .
• Streambed Gravel.
2.23
OUTCOME CATEGORY: REDUCE POTENTIAL
FOR CONTAMINANTS FALLING INTO WATER
Definition: The BMPs in this category reduce the potential for the
contaminants from the structure from entering the water. This can be
achieved by capturing falling particles from bridge or other over-water ~ork.
Desired Outcome: The desired outcome of these BMPs is to keep the water
clean by reducing contaminants from entering the water.
Application: These BMPs work well:
o On bridge maintenance projects.
Limitations: Refer to individual BMP limitations.
Permit Conditions: When used in watercourses or streams, these BMPs must
be used in accordance with permit requirements. Inspect and maintain BMPs
according to individual guidelines.
BMP Options (Include but not limited to):
o Diaper Netting.
o Plywood Work Platform.
2.24
BMP/OUTCOME CATEGORIES MATRIX
OUTCOME CATEGORY
:!! [fJ 0::
~ ~ ., "' g ~ !!; !(
"" ~ E
~ ~ ~
ffi ~ ~ ~ "' Lli }:!:! ~
0:: '"' ;::: ffi ....
"" ~ t;) ~ ~ ....
~ ~ >-~ 11:
"' ~ ,__
~ ~ ~ G ~
~ 0 "" "" i3 ffi g! g ~ Iii '"' t;) li!i a: "' 0:: "' ~ ~ ,__ ~ ~
ffi 5 ~ 0 "" ../ ffi ~ g: 8 Recommended BMP Application '"' "' <>; "' = ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ,__ ~
fu :::;, ffi ~ :::;, ~ ~ :::;,
5:l '"' fil 2 iii fil BMP PAGE ~ 0:: ii! ~ 0:: ~ 0::
AQUA BARRIER 2.27 ./
BACKSLOPE PLANTING 2.30 ./ ./
COFFERDAM 2.32 ./
COIRFABRIC 2.35 ./ ./
COIRLOG 2.37 ./ ./ ./ ./
CONCRETE CONTAINMENT (1) 2.40 ./
CONCRETE CONTAINMENT (2) 2.43 ./
CONSTRUCTION ACCESS ROAD 2.45 ./
CONTINUOUS BERM 2.48 ./ ./ ./
CURB INLET SEDIMENT TRAP 2.51 ./ ./
DEWATERING 2.57 ./
DIAPER NETTING 2.59 ./
DITCH LINING 2.61 ./ ./
DIVERSION BERM 2.63 ./
DIVERSION CHANNEL 2.65 ./
DUST CONTROL 2.68 ./
EXCELSIOR FILLED LOG 2.70 ./ ./ ./ ./
FILTER FABRIC 2.72 ./ ./ ./
GRASS LINED CHANNEL 2.74 ./ ./
GRAVEL FILLED SUMP 2.78 ./
HALF ROUND FILTER 2.79 ./
HAND SEEDING 2.81 ./ ./ ./
HYDROSEEDING 2.83 ./ ./ ./
INLET PROTECTION 2.85 ./
KIMBLE FILTER PIPE 2.92 ./
LARGE WOODY DEBRIS 2.94 ./ ./
LIVE STAKING 2.99 ./ ./ ./
MULCHING 2.103 ./ ./
PLASTIC COVERING 2.105 ./ ./
2.25
BMP/OUTCOME CATEGORIES MATRIX (continued)
OUTCOME CATEGORY
y
~ ~ ex: 0 ., "' ex: ~ ~ ~ "" ~ e
~ ~ ~
ffi "' i!i ~ "' li'i 0 ~ ex: >-' ;::: ffi ~ ...
~ &l ~ ... "" ' i:': 1;§ '"' ,_ ~ ~ 0 .... I!? ~ if C3 ' 0 i5 "' ~ ~ ffi ~ ;::: ~
'"' ,.
(.) :re ff "' ex: ~ ~ 0!! ~ .... ex: 6 "' [ 8 ./ Recommended BMP Application ~ "' ~ ~ ~ ~ = ~ g ' g ~ ....
"-ffi ~ ~ ~ g
I
~-ttl iil ~ iil 8 ii; iil BMP ! PAGE ~ ~ ~ "' ex: ex: ex:
PL YWOGD WORK PLATFORM 2.107 ./
RIP RAP 2.109 ./
ROCK CHECK DAM 2.111 ,/ ./
SANDBAG 2.115 ./ ./ ./
SEDIMENTATION SUMP 2.119 ./
SILT FENCE 2.120 ./ ./ ./
SILT MAT 2.123 ./ ./ ./
SILTATION POND/TANK 2.125 ,/
SOIL STABILIZATION {Blankets/Matting) 2.128 ,/
STRAW BALE BARRIER {1) 2.133 ./ ./ ./
STRAW BALE BARRIER {2) 2.136 ./ ./ ./
STRAW BALE BARRIER {3) 2.141 ,/ ./ ./
STRAW LOG 2.144 ,/ ./ ./
STREAM BANK BIO-ENGINEERING 2.147 ./
STREAM BED GRAVEL 2.152 ,/
STREAM BYPASS 2.148 ./
SURFACE ROUGHENING 2.154 ./ ./
SWEEPING 2.158 ./
TEMPORARY SEDIMENT TRAP 2.161 ./
TRIANGULAR SILT DIKE 2.164 ./ ./
TURBIDITY CURTAIN 2.168 ./ ./
VACTORING 2.172 ./ ,/
VEGETATIVE BUFFER 2.174 ./ ./
WASHED ROCK 2.176 ./
2.26
BMP: AQUA BARRIER
DESCRIPTION
An aqua barrier is a manufactured vinyl tube filled with water to provide a
temporary /portfJ-ble dam or barrier positioned to contain or divert the -
movement of water.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Providing a dry construction area in a stream or waterway.
• Providing a bypass for a stream or waterway.
• Temporary reservoirs for water storage.
• Excluding waters from work area under and around bridges or piers.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used for stream diversion at a construction site. It may be
used in fish habitat restoration, flood control. erosion control through diversion
or containment of flowing water, silt containment, sedimentation collection or
settling ponds, and/ or as a portable dam.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• To cross more than 2/3 of the main flow of any salmonid bearing water
at the time of the year when any life history stage of salmonids are
expected to be present.
• Other than specified by the manufacturer's guidelines.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• When used in watercourses or streams, aqua barriers must be used in
accordance with permit requirements.
• Refer to Appendix B for Fish Exclusion Protocols.
• Follow manufacturer recommendations and guidelines for installation
and safety measures.
• Knives shall be worn by workers for emergency deflation.
• Keep a repair kit on site in case of small punctures.
• Remove any visible rocks or sharp objects prior to installing barrier.
• The aqua barrier can be deployed on dry ground, in standing and/or
2.27
BMP: AQUA BARRIER (continued)
flowing water.
• Multiple aqua barriers can be joined with connections.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• Inspect BMPs several times daily during the workweek. Schedule
additional inspections during storm events. Any required repairs shall
be made.
• Repair punctures with repair kit immediately.
• Allow to dry before rolling up for storage.
• Store away from chemicals, and above 1 oo F.
BMP REMOVAL.
• Follow manufacturer recommendations for removal.
• Remove BMP (recycle and/or reuse if applicable).
• Water discharged from water barrier shall meet water quality
temperature standards at the point of discharge.
Aqua barrier used as coffer dam
2.28
BMP: AQUA BARRIER (continued)
Installing aqua barrier in river to
provide a dry construction area
2.29
BMP: BACKSLOPE PLANTING
DESCRIPTION
Backslope planting is the planting of small trees or brush on the backslope of a
ditch or channel, leaving the roadway slope clear for public safety. This BMP
provides long term soil stabilization and/ or reduces water velocity I erosive
forces.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Allowing plants to grow over the ditch or channel.
• Providing shade as long as it does not become a public safety hazard (No
trees larger than 4-inches DBH (diameter breast height) allowed in clear
zone).
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used in ditches (including ditches which are watercourses or
streams) parallel to roadways or at road crossings. Revegetation plans will be
done in accordance with permit requirements. It may be used in combination
with other BMPs.
This BMP provides long term soil stabilization once plantings have been
established. Immediate soil stabilization can only be achieved in combination
with other BMPs.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• If it creates a potential public safety hazard.
• In clear zone areas.
• If it could cause water flow problems that may result in flooding of the
roadway.
• For immediate soil stabilization results.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Select appropriate native vegetation for the location.
• Review planting guidelines; plant at the appropriate time of year.
• Planting must be done in accordance with design and/or permit
conditions.
2.30
(~--
BMP MAINTENANCE
• Inspect during plant establishment period. Replant, due to plan!
mortality, as necessary . . ,
BMP REMOVAL
• BMP removal is not necessary.
SHRUBS
(SHADE)
. .
Ditch or channel
cross section
hacks/ope planting
DITCH OR
CHAN~JEL
!
r-SHOULCER
ROADWAY
·~:,·:. ;···>~-=~~-\:·""·. ;..,·.,..~--~~~:~
J<ii.,; .• ,_ .. ·--··-· ............ -....
Backs/ope planting
2.31
BMP: COFFERDAM
DESCRIPTION
A cofferdam is a temporary structure built into a waterway to enclos~ a
construction area and reduce sediment pollution from construction work in
and under water. Cofferdams can be made of steel, rock, sand bags, wood or
aqua barriers.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Dewatering construction areas.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used in construction activities such as culvert installation,
bridges, piers, or abutments. It may be used in combination with other
barriers and is commonly used in conjunction with stream bypass and/ or
pumps.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• In deep water unless designed or reviewed by an engineer.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• When used in watercourses or streams, cofferdams must be used in
accordance with permit requirements.
• Refer to Appendix B for Fish Exclusion Protocols.
• Construction guidelines depend on cofferdam material selection. See
pictures for construction details.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek.
Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required
repairs.
• Repair gaps, holes or scour.
2.32
BMP REMOVAL
• Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has
stabilized-potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed).
• Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP.
• Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable).
• Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable).
Sundhax.\· used us a u~jferdam
2.33
BMP: COFFERDAM (continued)
2.34
··.
f
•HEIGHT
t
lliliES;
SANDBAG COFFER DAM DETAIL
SANDBAGS
STRAWBALES
WATER SURFACE
0.5' MIN.
* HEIGHT AND WIDTH OF COFFER DAM SHALL BE DETERMINED
BY THE WATER SURFACE ELEVATION AT THE TIME OF
CONSTRUCTION.
1. SANDBAGS SHALL BE USED IN ACCCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE PERMITS.
2. INSTALL COFFER DAM AND DEWATER SITE PRIOR TO CONSTRUCTION
.3. PROVIDE ADEQUATE FREEBOARD.
/
I.'ATERBODY
EDGE OF PAVEMENT
TYPICAL CONTOUR
LINES
ALTERNATING
STRAWBALES
COFFER DAM
SEE DETAIL
BMP: COIR FABRIC
DESCRIPTION
Coir Fabric is a geo-textile product made from coconut fibers loosely ~oven into
a fabric usually ,Packaged in roll form. This fabric can be used to provide a
reduction in water velocity I erosive forces and/ or habitat protection/
maintenance.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
•
•
•
•
Decreasing bank erosion in high flow /high velocity channels .
Long term slope stabilization .
Stream and riverbank stabilization .
Revegetation projects .
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used in areas to provide stabilization/protection to the soil
surface of steep slopes, stream and/or river banks. It can be used in
combination with vegetation to reinforce soil in high flow /high velocity waters
and on slopes as steep as l horizontal to l vertical. It may be used as bank
stabilization before vegetation/re-vegetation has occurred.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• In the streambed of a channel.
• When short term biodegradability is required.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• When used near water courses or streams, this BMP must be used in
accordance with permit requirements.
• The fabric may be laid out horizontally or vertically on a slope.
• Use stakes or staples to anchor fabric to ground. Use anchoring devices
on the edges and in the field of the fabric.
• Lay loosely on the surface so fabric makes contact with the ground.
(Don't stretch the fabric.)
• If the seam is perpendicular with water flow, overlap fabric at least 18-
inches in the direction of water flow.
2.35
BMP: COIR FABRIC (continued)
• If the seam is parallel with the water flow, overlap edges at least 8-
inches, staking both edges securely.
• The fabric should be trenched at least 12" deep at top and botto"m -ends
of the installation to prevent undercutting of the fabric.
• Hand Seeding and/or Hydroseeding should occur prior to coir fabric
placement.
• Live staking may be done after coir fabric placement by piercing fabric.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the work week.
Schedule additional inspections during storm event events. Make any
required repairs.
BMP REMOVAL
• BMP removal is not necessary.
Coir fabric
2.36
BMP: COIR LOG
DESCRIPTION
A coir log is a manufactured coconut fiber log used as a structural aqd rooting
mechanism for bioengineered systems. These logs can be used to provide
filter /perimeter' protection, settling, reduction in water velocity I erosive forces
and habitat protection/maintenance. They may be cut or folded, to the
appropriate length, to fit the desired location.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Intercepting sheet flow.
• Intercepting and detaining small amounts of water from disturbed areas
during construction operations in order to promote settling of soil
particles.
• Filtering soil particles, debris and snow sand.
• Trapping topsoil and retaining moisture from rainfall, which aids in
growth of seedlings planted along the upslope side of the rolls.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used for temporary check dams in ditches of any dimension,
temporary soil stockpile protection, drop inlet protection, temporary interceptor
dike and swale, check dam in ditches and/or bank stabilization. Coir logs may
also be used for habitat protection at the toe of a bank and can be incorporated
with vegetative planting. This BMP may be used for perimeter sediment
control. This BMP is particularly useful in areas where the effects of soil
disturbance need to be minimized. It may be used in combination with other
BMPs.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• Where flow volume or velocity inhibit BMP function.
• When maintenance activities conducted in locations could reduce actual
or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions, this BMP will be used if
required by permit conditions.
2.37
BMP: COIR LOG (continued)
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Coir log installation must be done in accordance with applical;>le design
and/or permit conditions. '
• Install to prevent water from going around or under BMP.
• BMP must be staked (wood only) to insure soil particle containment.
• When using as a check dam, prior to installation, cut or fold to proper
length.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek.
Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required
repairs.
• Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of
the BMP.
BMP REMOVAL
• Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has
stabilized-potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed).
• Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP.
• Removal of BMP may not always be necessary.
• Depending upon BMP placement, re-vegetati~n of site may be necessary.
2.38
BMP: COIR LOG {continued)
Coir logs usl:'d as hahitulfJrotection at rhe tot' of a hank
Coir log used to atlmr settling and to decn:ase
wurer rt'!ocitylerosi\'e .f(;rces
2.39
pu•l]l I 111•1111;
PII'IJII'
pu•IJI
BMP: CONCRETE CONTAINMENT (1)
~-
DESCRIPTION
Concrete containment is the method(s) of containing uncured concre.te that is
pumped or poured into forms while repairing structures in or around '
watercourses. ·· ·
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Preventing uncured concrete and chemicals from leaving the work site
and entering the adjacent body of water.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used when dewatering is not possible for bridge repair work
Concrete containment devices may include fiberglass/steel column forms, a
"Sea-form" bag system and/or steel plates to line work area. It may be used in
combination with other BMPs such as cofferdams, turbidity curtains and/ or
dewatering/silt ponds.
LIMITATIONS
• Limitations are site specific.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• When used in watercourses or streams, this BMP must be used in
accordance with permit requirements.
• Concrete containment systems should be designed or reviewed by an
engineer.
• IdentiJY work site.
• Isolate work area. If possible, dewater construction area.
• As conditions allow, provide approved secondary containment
• Have adequate fuel supply and backup pumps in the event of emergency
or mechanical failure.
• For tool and/or equipment cleanup onsite, a temporary sump may be
used to contain water from cleanup. The temporary sump should be
located as far away from buffer as possible.
• Remove material from sump after cleanup is complete.
2.40
BMP MAINTENANCE
• Inspect structure during construction for leaks.
• Repair any leaks in structure.
• Contain and remove any excess materials, such as chemicals and/ or
concrete.
BMP REMOVAL
• Remove BMP as concrete and permit conditions require; this may be
immediately or it may be up to 10 days after the concrete is cured
(recycle and/or re-use if applicable).
2.41
BMP: CONCRETE CONTAINMENT (1) (continued)
2.42
ROADWAY BRIDGE
GREY WATER DISCHARGE 50' HOSE :..:.::::::~~
NOTE:
NOT TO SCALE
PUMPED
CONCRETE
FOAM BACKER ROD TO
HELP SEAL FORM
2" PIPE HELD AT
BOTTOM OF FORM FOR
ENTIRE PUMP IN
OPERATION.
I
STANDING WATER INSIDE
FORM IS DISPLAYED
UPWARD WITH MIN.
AMOUNT OF MIXING
W/ CONCRETE
WASHED GRAVEL
FILLED SANDBAGS
COFFER DAM
FIGURE CONCRETE CONTAINMENT FOR BRIDGE ABUTMENT
SCOUR REPAIR WORK
BMP: CONCRETE CONTAINMENT (2)
DESCRIPTION
Concrete containment is a method of containing uncured concrete pu.mped or
poured into forms while constructing and/ or repairing structures, such 'as;
sidewalks, curbs, gutters, manholes and catch basins.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Containing uncured concrete and chemicals from leaving the work site.
• Containing water from exposed aggregate work areas.
• Containing water from equipment cleanup.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used when performing flatwork, curb and gutter or utility
concrete repair work. It may be used in combination With other BMPs.
LIMITATIONS
• Limitations are site specific.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• When used in watercourses or sfreams, this BMP must be used in
accordance With permit requirements.
• Locate work area.
• Isolate work area.
• Install drain protection downslope, for example, filter fabric, drainage
plug and/or use a Vactor truck.
• Cover catch basin's adjacent to work area With filter fabric.
• For tool and/or equipment cleanup onsite, a temporary sump may be
used to contain water from cleanup. The temporary sump should be
located as far away from buffer as possible.
• Remove material from sump after cleanup is complete.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• Contain and remove any excess materials, such as chemicals and/ or
concrete.
• Make sure onsite cleanup sump is of adequate size and overflow does not
occur.
2.43
BMP: CONCRETE CONTAINMENT (2) (continued)
• Remove sediment buildup as required.
BMP REMOVAL ., .
• Remove waste material.
• Re-vegetate and/or restore area disturbed by BMP.
2.44
BMP: CONSTRUCTION ACCESS ROAD
DESCRIPTION
A construction access road is a stabilized rock (or an alternative mate_rial) pad
located at points of vehicular ingress and egress at a construction site. The
construction ac~ess road may include a fabric underliner
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Allowing stability for vehicle access to construction sites.
• Limiting mud and debris deposited on roadways from adjacent
construction sites.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used at construction sites with unstable soils and/ or steep
slopes to gain traction, especially during wet weather. It may be used in
combination with other BMPs.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• As the sole BMP.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Unsuitable material should be excavated prior to placement of fabric and
rock.
• Place an optional "fabric underliner" the full width and length of the
access road, as required by design.
• Compact road as appropriate.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek.
Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required
repairs.
• Materials spilled, dropped or tracked from vehicles onto roadways should
be removed.
• Water trucks will not be used to remove dropped, spilled, or tracked
materials.
2.45
BMP: CONSTRUCTION ACCESS ROAD (continued)
BMP REMOVAL
• Remove BMP if appropriate (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). ,
• Re-vegetate and/or restore area disturbed by BMP.
Access road installation
2.46
BMP: CONSTRUCTION ACCESS ROAD (continued)
t.4UST EXTENO FULL W10'TI-l
Of INGRESS Jli..IO EGRESS
O~ERA110N
SIDE ELEVATION
70' ,_.IN.
I ~ POSITIVE DRAINAGE
TQ S:LOlM[NT
B · T~APPtNG O(VICE
I
PLAN VIEW
12' WIN.
T
10' M[N.
EXISTING
PAVEMENT
Q:E [NFOI<!CED CONC~Ert DRAIN SPACE:
SECTION B-8
Constrllction access road detail
2.47
BMP: CONTINUOUS BERM
DESCRIPTION
A continuous berm is a temporary diversion dike or sediment barrier .
constructed with infill material, either soil, sand or gravel, encased within
geosynthetic fab'ric. This BMP requires a Continuous Berm Machine (CBM) for
filling and placing. A continuous berm can be used to provide filter/perimeter
protection, settling, and reduction in water velocity I erosive forces.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Diverting sheet flow.
• Intercepting sheet flow.
• Intercepting and detaining small amounts of water from disturbed areas
during construction operations in order to allow settling of soil particles.
• Decreasing down slope sheet flow velocity.
• Retaining soil particles/debris on site.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used for perimeter sediment control. It may be used in
combination with other BMPs.
This BMP may be used below disturbed areas subject to sheet and rill erosion
where drainage area is no greater than .25 acre per 100 lineal feet of barrier
and the slope behind the barrier should be no steeper than 2 horizontal feet to
1 vertical foot. On relatively flat slopes the maximum disturbed slope distance
should not exceed 100 feet. The allowable disturbed slope distance decreases
as the slope gets steeper.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• Directly in perennial streams or water courses.
• In front of storm outlets.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Use a Continuous Berm Machine (follow operating manual).
2.48
• Apply to relatively smooth surfaces to form a tight seal with ground.
• A source of infill material is required (sand, gravel, or local soils).
• Increase the elevation at the ends of the BMP installation to pre=nt
"end run's."
BMP MAINTENANCE
• During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek.
Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required
repairs.
• Repair any damaged BMPs due to end runs or undercutting.
• Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of
the BMP.
BMP REMOVAL
• Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has
stabilized-potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has
passed).
• Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP.
• Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use is applicable).
• Removal consists of slitting and removing the fabric.
• Remove the infill material from the site or grade infill material into the
existing shoulder or soil.
• Depending upon BMP placement, re-vegetation of site may be necessary.
2.49
BMP: CONTINUOUS BERM (continued)
2.50
Continuous berm machine
Continuous herm retaining
soil particles and debris
Continuous herm
Continuous herm interct:ptinx
water from construction urea
BMP: CURB INLET SEDIMENT TRAP
DESCRIPTION
A curb inlet sediment trap is a temporary barrier constructed from concrete
blocks, gravel, filter fabric or gravel bag filter. Geotextile grade covers ctnd
geotextile collectors (inserts) are available pre-manufactured. Curb inlet
sediment traps can be used to provide filtering and settling of soil particles.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Reducing the soil particles discharged into storm drains by settling and/
or filtering the runoff.
• Allowing for overflow from high runoff events.
• Allowing the ponded water to filter rapidly through gravel.
APPLICATIONS
These BMPs are used at curb inlets on gently sloping streets where water can
pond and allow particles to filter or settle.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• Where the ponding area will encroach into the travel lanes or pedestrian
walkways.
• Steep grades.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• A spillway structure shall be constructed with the sandbags to allow
overflow.
• Place sandbags in a curved row from the top of curb at least 3 feet into
the street; curve the ends upward.
• Overlap several layers of bags and pack tightly.
• Leave a one-sandbag gap at the upstream end in the top row to act as a
spillway.
• Slope runoff should flow over blocks and gravel and not be bypassed over
the curb.
• Install pre-manufactured grade covers and geo-textile collectors in
accordance with manufacturer specifications.
2.51
BMP: CURB INLET SEDIMENT TRAP (continued)
• Install grade covers, geo-textile collects, or filter fabric on top of or in
front of the inlet. Construct a small dam immediately downstr.~am of the
inlet to stop flow.
'
BMP MAINTENANCE
• Sediment shall be removed.
• If the gravel becomes clogged with sediment, it must be carefully
removed from the inlet and either cleaned or replaced.
• During construction, inspect BMP's daily during the workweek.
Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required
repairs.
BMPREMOVAL
• Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has
stabilized-potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed).
• Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP.
• Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable).
• Use vacuum sweeper or hand broom to clean road surface.
• Use "Vactor-Truck" to clean drainage system.
A silt sock installed in u catch basin to trap/jitter waterborne soil particles
2.52
BMP: CURB INLET SEDIMENT TRAP (continued)
BLOCK AND GRAVEL DROP INLE-T-
SEDIMENT FILTER
RUNOFF
WATER
WITH
WIRE SCREEN
GRAVEL" FILTER
WIRE SCREEN
SEOIUENT~i~]TI~~~~~ii~~~
SEOI~ENT
•• ~
SPECIFIC APPLICATION
CONCRETE BLOCK
FILTERED WATER
THIS METHOD OF INLET PROTECTION IS APPLICABLE WHERE
HEAVY FLOWS ARE EXPECTED AND WHERE AN OVERFLOW
CAPACITY IS NECESSARY TO PREVENT EXCESSIVE PONDING
AROUND THE STRUCTURE.
2.53
BMP: CURB INLET SEDIMENT TRAP (continued)
'·
GRAVEL nLTER
RUNOFF WATER W!RE MESH
'
&> ..,
~ .,.
A •
CONCRETE GUTTER
,p -•
\{_CURS INLET
SEDIMENT
Curb inlet sedimellf trap detail
2.54
BMP: CURB INLET SEDIMENT TRAP (continued)
PERSPECTIVE VIEW
'£ X +"
SIDE ELEVATION
SPECIF'IC APPLICATION
2' ... NII.IUM l.ENQT\l
Of2'X4"
'£ X +" WEIR
THIS METHOD OF INLET PROTECTION IS APPUCABLE
TO CURB INLETS WlolERE A STURDY, COMPACT INSTALLATION
IS DESIRED. EMERGENCY OVERFl.OW CAPABILITIES ARE
MINI!o!AL. SO EXPECT SIGNIFICANT PONDING WITH THIS
MEASURE.
Curb inlet sediment trap detail
SAND BAG OR
..._TERNAIT WEIGHT
'INLETl TO
PIPE
2.55
This page intentionally left blank.
'
2.56
BMP: DEWATERING
DESCRIPTION
Dewatering can be used to keep water from a work area by using any or all of
the following: pump, barrier, vactor, or bypass culvert. • ' ...
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Allowing work to be performed in dry conditions.
• Reducing the transport of soil particles by flowing water.
• Reducing the liquefaction of soils.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used in, but not limited to, ditches, watercourses or streams,
channels, swales and excavations. It will generally be used in combination with
other BMPs.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• Where flows are greater than pump capacity.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Determine if the project will require continuous dewatering.
• Schedule pumping, monitoring and maintenance activities accordingly.
• Dewatering must be used in accordance with applicable design and/or
permit conditions.
• Refer to Appendix B for Fish Exclusion Protocols.
• Install a "Keep Water from Work Area" BMP.
• Install dewatering devices.
• Install site specific barrier, prior to dewatering, to prevent exterior water
from entering construction area.
• Ensure water discharged from the site is not allowed to cause erosion.
• Dewatered water will be discharged to:
• A containment device.
• A sanitary sewage system.
• Other BMPs to remove water bome soil particles prior to the water
being reintroduced to a storm drainage system, water course or
stream.
2.57
BMP: DEWATERING (continued)
BMP MAINTENANCE
• Schedule pumping, monitoring and maintenance activities in _
accordance with dewatering needs.
• During cdnstruction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek.
Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required
repairs immediately.
• Inspect bypass, pump, and barrier periodically. Make necessary repairs.
• Check for erosion at discharge. Repair or move as necessary.
• Have adequate fuel supply and backup pumps in the event of mechanical
failure.
BMP REMOVAL
• Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable).
• Reintroduce water gradually.
• Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable).
2.58
BMP: DIAPER NETTING
DESCRIPTION
Diaper/netting is a fine mesh netting or canvas suspended under a bridge or
pier to catch debris during construction or maintenance actiVities. -'
' .
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Catching and containing falling debris (concrete, wood chips, sawdust,
slag and metal) from entering water during construction, maintenance
and repair activities.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP is used in bridge or pier construction and repairs. It may also be
used in maintenance activities such as cleaning and painting. It may be used
in combination with other BMPs.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• During periods of high winds that reduce the effectiveness of the BMP.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Multiple nets with different mesh sizes may be required, depending upon
the work tasks performed. Mesh size gets progressively smaller from top
to bottom.
• Attach diaper /netting securely prior to starting work.
• Remove diaper/netting carefully after work, not allowing debris to fall.
• Maintain separation between diaper/netting and water surface.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek.
Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required
repairs.
• Crew must provide progressive clean up of debris during the day.
2.59
8MP: DlAPER NETTfNG (continued)
BMP REMOVAL
• Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed.
• Remove debris on BMP.
• Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable).
• Inspect after job is complete to make sure diaper/netting is in good
repair for next project.
Diuper neuin;.: under hrhlxe
Neuing with suspended framework
2.60
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BMP: DITCH LINING
DESCRIPTION
Ditch lining provides a long/short-term erosion resistant lining of the ditch
flow line and side slopes utilizing biodegradable and non-biodegradaole-geo-
textile fabrics artd/or angular rock to stabilize ditches and channels from
erosion and soil particle movement.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Protecting the soil from erosive forces of concentrated runoff.
• Slowing the velocity of concentrated runoff while enhancing the
potential for infiltration and vegetation growth.
• Stabilizing slopes adjacent to ditches which have seepage problems and/
or non-cohesive soils.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used in ditches, channels. swales and banks or slopes. It
may be used in conjunction with other BMPs.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• When used in watercourses or streams, this BMP must be used in
accordance with permit requirements.
• Plan for site specific uses.
• Use design specifications when available.
• Channels should be constructed with a wide and shallow cross section.
• Use of angular rock in applications where turbulent water is present.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• During the initial establishment, inspection should occur and any
necessary repair made.
• Grass seed should be applied in accordance with manufacturer
specifications.
• After implementation, the channel should be inspected periodically to
determine if channel is withstanding flow velocities without damage.
• Check the channel for debris. scour, or erosion and make necessary
repairs.
• Remove all significant sediment accumulations to maintain the desired
flow line and capacity.
2.61
BMP: DITCH LINING (continued)
• Check channel slopes, outlets and all road crossings for bank stability
and evidence of erosion and make repairs as necessary.
BMP REMOVAL , .
2.62
• Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has
stabilized-potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed).
• Remove BMP (recycle and/ or re-use if applicable).
• BMP removal is not always necessary.
BMP: DIVERSION BERM
DESCRIPTION
A diversion berm is a temporary ridge of compacted soil constructed at the top
or base of a disturbed slope. ' '
'
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Diverting storm runoff from upslope drainage areas away from
unprotected disturbed areas and toward a stabilized outlet.
• Diverting sediment-laden runoff from a disturbed area to a sediment-
containment facility such as a sediment trap or a sediment basin.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used wherever stormwater runoff must be temporarily
diverted away from a disturbed slope and toward a sediment containment
facility. These structures generally have a life expectancy of 18 months or less.
This BMP may be used in combination with other BMPs.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• If water flow is likely to erode the berm.
• If there is inadequate space for construction.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Berms should be installed as a first step in the land-disturbing activity.
• The berm should be adequately compacted to prevent failure.
• Minimum freeboard shall be 0.3 feet.
• Temporary seeding and mulch shall be applied to the berm following
construction of the berm.
• Clear plastic may be used as an additional erosion control method. See
"Plastic Covering" BMP construction guidelines.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek.
Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required
repairs.
2.63
BMP: DNERSION BERM (continued)
• During long term implementation and after the facility has stabilized,
inspect once every two weeks, whether a storm has occurred or not.
BMP REMOVAL'
• Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has
stabilized-potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed).
• Remove sediment buildup.
• Remove BMP [recycle and/or re-use if applicable).
• Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable).
nP.ICAL .D./VERSION BERA/"
Compacted Soil
Diversion berm detail
2.64
BMP: DIVERSION CHANNEL
DESCRIPTION
A diversion channel is constructed across a slope with a supporting earthen
ridge on the lower side. · ' ,
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Reducing slope length.
• Intercepting and diverting storrnwater runoff to stabilized outlets at non-
erosive velocities.
• Intercepting sheet flow.
• Decreasing down slope sheet flow velocity.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used where runoff from areas of higher elevation may
damage property. cause erosion, or interfere with the establishment of
vegetation on downslope areas. It may also be used where surface and/ or
shallow subsurface flow is damaging a slope and where the slope length needs
to be reduced to minimize soil loss. This BMP may be used in combination
with other BMPs.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• If the downslope is greater than 2 horizontal by l vertical.
• If water flow is likely to erode the channel.
• If there is inadequate space for construction.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• The diversion channel shall be excavated or shaped to line, grade and
cross-section as required:
• Side slopes of the channel shall be no steeper than 2 horizontal by l
vertical.
• Minimum freeboard shall be 0.3 feet.
• Compact fill material as needed to prevent unequal settlement.
• Temporary seeding and mulch shall be applied to the channel following
construction of the channel.
2.65
BMP: DNERSION CHANNEL (continued)
• Clear plastic may be used as an additional erosion control method. See
"Plastic Covering" BMP construction guidelines.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek.
Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required
repairs.
• Seeded areas which fail to establish a vegetative cover shall be reseeded
as necessary.
• During long term implementation and after the facility has stabilized,
inspect once every two weeks, whether a storm has occurred or not.
BMP REMOVAL
• Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has
stabilized-potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed).
• Remove sediment buildup.
• Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable).
• Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable).
2.66
BMP: DNERSION CHANNEL (continued)
DIVERSIONS
107. SETTU:liENT
0.3' FIU:E BOAR!l, '---t=============~~==::::~~
TYPICAL PARABOLIC DIVERSION
I 07. SETn.EIIENT
0.3' FREE B04RD
TYPICAL TRAPEZOIDAL DIVERSION
TYPICAL VEE-SHAPED DIVERSION
2.67
BMP: DUST CONTROL
DESCRIPTION
Dust control is the use of water, products, and/or measures for reducing wind
erosion. Particles moved by wind may cause air pollution, soil loss and/ or
water quality degradation.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Reducing soil particle travel by wind due to construction or maintenance
operation activities.
• Reducing air and water pollution.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used on construction sites, roads, shoulders, operating
headquarters or pit/quarry sites. It may be used in combination with other
BMP's. Protecting the soil surface is accomplished through measures such as
roughening the soil to reduce the surface wind velocity, applying straw /mulch,
water, matting, hydroseeding, plastic covering or a WSDOE approved soil
suppressant.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• With straw in locations where compaction is required (for example,
roadway shoulders or road bases).
• Unless the soil suppressant has been approved by WSDOE.
• If a chemical suppressent could enter watercourses or streams.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Water or a WSDOE approved soil suppressant can be applied by
mechanical means.
• A temporary straw covering may be applied by hand to a small area of
exposed soil where compaction is not required.
• Surface roughening may be accomplished by using a machine.
• Create a berm downslope to control possible runoff from watering.
2.68
BMP MAINTENANCE
• During the construction period, inspect BMPs daily during th_e
workweek. Make any required repairs.
• Reapply'BMP as needed.
BMP REMOVAL
• Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has
stabilized-potential of wind erosion has passed).
• Straw removal may be necessary if the area is to be re-vegetated.
• Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal.
Wuter wuxon ·wettinx dmvn
field for dust control
~
£:.::;:-;1.-· \.C:~ .... u· .c,_;:;;.;.,.....,
Helicopter landing in urea
with soil suppressant applied
Wettinx down stockpiles to
reduce airborne soil particles
2.69
BMP: EXCELSIOR FILLED LOG
DESCRIPTION
An excelsior filled log is a manufactured log filled with curled wood e4celsior.
When cut or folded to appropriate length. these logs can be used to proVide
filter /perimeter "'protection, settling, reduction in water velocity I erosive forces
and habitat protection/maintenance.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Reducing slope length to capture and retain sediment on the slope.
• Temporarily stabilizing slopes by reducing soil creep, sheet and rill
erosion until permanent vegetation can be established.
• Trapping topsoil and retaining moisture from rainfall, which aids in
growth of seedlings planted along the upslope side of the rolls.
• Intercepting and detaining small amounts of water from disturbed areas
during construction operations in order to promote settling of soil
particles.
• Filtering soil particles and debris.
• Reducing water velocity and erosive forces.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used in ditches or across culvert ends of any dimension.
Excelsior filled logs may also be used for habitat protection at the toe of a bank
and can be incorporated with vegetative planting. It may be used instead of
straw logs, coir logs, or straw bale filtering systems. Excelsior filled logs may
also be used for perimeter sediment control.
This BMP may be used in gullies and stream channels as check dams; in
conjunction with gabions, rip rap, articulated block, or cellular confinement
systems. It may be used to anchor and enhance the effectiveness of willow
wattles (fascines), turf reinforcement mats, coir mats, continuous berms and
other erosion control material. Excelsior filled logs may be used to replace silt
fences or straw bales on steep slopes. It may be used in combination with
other BMPs.
2.70
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• Where flow volume or velocity inhibit BMP function.
• For long term applications.
• When maintenance activities conducted in locations could reduce actual
or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions, this BMP Will be used if
required by permit conditions.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Excelsior filled log must be placed in accordance with applicable design
and/or permit conditions.
• Logs are placed and staked along the contour of newly constructed or
disturbed slopes, in 2-3 inch deep trench.
• Spacing depends on soil type and slope steepness.
• Tightly abut any adjacent logs.
• Install to prevent water from going around or under BMP.
• See "Live Staking", "Handseeding" and/ or "Hydroseeding" BMP for
planting.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek.
Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required
repairs.
• Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of
the BMP.
BMP REMOVAL
• Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has
stabilized-potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed).
• Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP.
• Depending upon BMP placement, re-vegetation of site may be necessary.
• BMP removal may not be necessary.
2.71
BMP: FILTER FABRIC
DESCRIPTION
Filter fabric is a permeable material made with synthetic fibers. It may be a
woven or non-woven fabric and is usually packaged in roll form. This f~bric
can be used to ··reduce potential for soil becoming water bome, filter /perimeter
protection and/or settling.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Filtering soil particles from water.
• Stabilizing and reinforcing soils.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used in drainage filtration, to reinforce paved and unpaved
roads, stabilize access or haul roads and to separate soils.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• In the streambed of a channel.
• When short term biodegradability is required.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• When used near watercourses or streams, this BMP must be used in
accordance with permit requirements.
• Some applications may be designed or reviewed by an engineer.
• Woven filter fabric should only be used for soil separation. road
reinforcement and soil separation.
• Non-woven filter fabric should only be used for drainage filtration
although it may be used under unpaved roads in certain
circumstances.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek.
2.72
Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required
repairs.
BMP REMOVAL
• Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has
stabilized-potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed).
• If used as a filter, remove sediment buildup from in front of the BMP.
• Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable).
• BMP removal may not be necessary when it is part of the final structure.
2.73
BMP: GRASS LINED CHANNEL
DESCRIPTION
A grass lined channel is the vegetative lining of a ditch. watercourse, ~tream, or
swale to protect it from erosion and to provide filter/perimeter protection . . , .
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited:
• Reducing erosion by providing ground cover, binding soil particles with
roots, and lowering water velocity.
• Providing filter /perimeter protection.
• Providing habitat for primary production.
• Providing habitat for prey base organisms such as macro-invertebrates.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used where a vegetative lining can provide sufficient stability
for the channel grade by decreasing velocity; where site conditions require
establishment of vegetation (climate, soil and topography are present). This
BMP may be used in combination with other bank stabilizing methods.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• When maintenance activities are conducted in locations which could
reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions.
• In locations where there is frequent turbulence with flows likely to rip
out grass lining, creating erosion and downstream plugging of system.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• This BMP must be used in accordance with applicable pennit
requirements.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• During initial vegetation establishment, inspection should occur and
any necessary repairs made.
• After vegetation establishment, the channel should be inspected
periodically to determine if the channel is withstanding flow velocities
without damage.
2.74
• Check the channel for debris, scour, or erosion and make repairs.
• Remove all significant sediment accumulations to maintain the designed
carrying capacity. Debris such as litter, car parts, appliances and items
that pose, a risk to public safety should be removed. Any LWD that falls
into the channel and does not pose a threat to public safety should be
left in place.
• Check channel outlet and all road crossings for bank stability, evidence
of piping or scour holes and make repairs.
BMP REMOVAL
• BMP removal is not necessary.
Gruss lined channel: reducinJ?
erosion hy providinx xround cover
Grass lined channel: providing a filter
2.75
BMP: GRASS LINED CHANNEL (continued)
2.76
TYPICAL V-SHAPED CHANNEL
CROSS-SECTION
WITH CHANNEL LIN£R
TYPICAL PARABOUC CHANNEL
CROSS-SECTION
TYPICAL TRAPEZOIDAL CHANNEL
FILTER
FABRIC
CROSS-SECTION GRASS-LINED CHANNEL
TYPICAL CROSS SECTIONS
BMP: GRASS LINED CHANNEL (continued)
iYPICAL INSTALLATION
WITH EROSION CONTROL
BLANKETS OR TURF
RE:!NFORCE:MENT M4 TS
LONGITUDINAL ANCHOR TRENCH
SHINGLE: -LAP SPLICE:!) ENOS OR BEGIN NEW
ROLL IN AN INTERMITTENT CHECK SLOT
PREPARE SOIL ANI) APPLY
SE:£0 B£FORE INSTALLING
BLANKETS. M4TS OR OTHER
TEMPORARY CHANNEL LINER
SYSTl'NI
NOTES:
1. DESIGN VELOCITIES EXCEEDING 2 FT/SEC
{O.Sm/sec) REOLI/RE TEMPORARY BLANKETS.
M4TS OR SIMILAR LINERS TO PROTECT S££0
AND SOIL UNTIL VEGETATION BECOMES
ESTABLISHED.
2. GRASS-£/NEO CHANNELS WITH DESIGN
VELOCITIES EXCEEOING 5 FT/SEC (2m/st!c)
SHOULD INCLIJOE TIJRF REINFORCEMENT M4TS.
NOT TO SCALE
GRASS-LINED CHANNEL
TYPICAL INSTALLATION
2.77
BMP: GRAVEL FILLED SUMP
DESCRIPTION
A gravel filled sump is a constructed sump filled With gravel and a st<!nding
perforated pipe or bucket that allows pumping filtered water out of a non-
erosive location:·
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Dewatering construction sites.
• Filtering sediment from water.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP is used in conjunction With flow bypass.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• When peak flows exceed the pump capacity.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Excavate hole at least 3 feet deep.
• Line the base and sides of the hole With filter fabric.
• Place perforated pipe inside the hole.
• Shore up pipe by adding washed rock to space between hole and pipe
exterior.
• Have adequate fuel supply and backup pumps in the event of mechanical
failure.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• Inspect bypass, pump, and sump periodically. Repair any leaks
immediately.
• Check for scour at bypass outfall. Repair or move as necessary.
• Provide downstream sediment filtration devices.
BMP REMOVAL
• Remove BMP when in water work is complete.
• Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable).
• Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable).
2.78
BMP: HALF ROUND Fll TER
DESCRIPTION
The half round filter BMP is one-half section of perforated pipe cut lengthwise
(with optional filter fabric lining) and filled with washed rock. · '
'
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Filtering sediment from water.
• Reducing water velocity.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used at construction sites to filter sediment-laden water
pumped from construction area. This BMP may be used with other sediment
control BMPs.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• In fast flowing water.
• To filter water with a high percentage of fines.
• As the sole BMP.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Make sure pump head (if used) is secured within washed rock.
• Make sure length of pipe and amount of rock is sufficient for site.
• Have additional washed rock available on site.
• Have adequate fuel supply and backup pumps in the event of mechanical
failure.
BMP MAINTENANCE
o Evaluate half round filter and pump (if used) periodically to ensure BMP
is functioning properly.
o Check for scour at outfall.
• Check outlet to make sure water is running clear. If not, add washed
rock.
2.79
BMP: HALF-ROUND FILTER (continued)
BMP REMOVAL
• Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area hp.s
stabilized-potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed).
• Remove sediment buildup.
• Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable).
• Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable).
2.80
BMP: HAND SEEDING
DESCRIPTION
Hand seeding is broadcasting grass seed on disturbed areas by hand or a hand
seeding device. This BMP is used to reduce potential for soil becoming water or
air borne. to reduce water velocity I erosive forces after vegetation establishment
and to aid in habitat protection/maintenance.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Establishing vegetation in sparse, bare and/or exposed soil areas.
• Decreasing soil erosion.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used after soil disturbance is completed at construction sites.
This BMP may be used in areas that need to be permanently or temporarily
vegetated. It may be used in conjunction with other BMPs.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• In months when seed germination will not occur. (In winter months, see
"Mulching" and/or "Plastic Covering" BMPs).
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Seed mixes vary. Seed selection should be based on the intended use of
the area it is applied to, for example, low growing grass versus ditch
bank grass.
• Spread seed uniformly and according to manufacturers
recommendations.
• Cover with other methods as needed to protect surface (for example, light
application of mulch, jute matting).
BMP MAINTENANCE
• Inspect during seed establishment period. Re-seed, due to mortality, as
necessary.
2.81
BMP: HAND SEEDING (continued)
• Schedule additional inspections during storm events and/or heavy
rainfall. Check for scour and sloughing; any required repairs shall be
made. •
' .
BMP REMOVAL
• BMP removal is not necessary.
2.82
BMP: HYDROSEEDING
DESCRIPTION
Hydroseeding is broadcasting grass seed, tackifier. wood fiber mulch and water
on disturbed areas by using a hydroseeding machine. This BMP is usecf to
reduce potentia) for soil becoming water or air borne, to reduce water velocity 1
erosive forces after vegetation establishment and to aid in habitat protection/
maintenance.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Establishing vegetation in sparse, bare and/or exposed soil areas over a
large site.
• Decreasing soil erosion.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used after soil disturbance is completed at construction sites.
This BMP may be used in areas that need to be permanently or temporarily
vegetated. It may be used in conjunction with other BMPs.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• In months when seed germination will not occur. (In winter months, see
"Mulching" and/or "Plastic Covering" BMPs).
• During strong winds or freezing weather.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Seed mixes vary. Seed selection should be based on the intended use of
the area it is applied to. i.e. low growing grass versus ditch bank grass.
• Spread seed uniformly and according to manufacturer's
recommendations.
• Cover hydroseeded area with other methods as needed.
• Hydroseeding should be applied after finish grading and/or surface
roughening. Application may depend on slope, soil, exposure and time of
year.
• Tackifier and/ or moisture retention agent may need to be added, per
state standard.
2.83
BMP: HYDROSEEDING (continued)
BMP MAINTENANCE
0
0
Inspect during seed establishment period. Re-seed. due to mor.taljty. as
necessary.
Schedule additional inspections during storm events and/or heavy
rainfall. Check for scour and sloughing; any required repairs shall be
made.
BMP REMOVAL
o BMP removal is not necessary.
Erosion protection and Vl:'getarion estahlishment afTer maintenance work
2.84
BMP: INLET PROTECTION
DESCRIPTION
Inlet protection is a sediment filter located at the inlet to a storm drainage
conveyance. It may be an extemal structure such as a filter fence bo;_ or a
gravel berm. Inlet protection may also be an intemal deVice such as a silt sock
or a silt trap.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes. but is not limited to:
• Reducing soil particles from entering storm drainage systems.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used in ditches at the inlet to enclosed drainage systems.
They may also be used in manholes or catch basins. This BMP may be used in
combination with other BMPs.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• Where there are traffic conflicts.
• In areas where it creates excessive ponding.
• To remove excessive fines.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Refer to sketches on following pages for details and specific construction
guidelines.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek.
Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required
repairs.
• Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of
the BMP.
BMP REMOVAL
• Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has
2.85
BMP: INLET PROTECTION (continued)
stabilized-potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has
passed).
• Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP.
• Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable).
• Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable).
2.86
Inlet protection: filter fence surrounding catch hasin to
reduce soil JWrticles from entering drainage system
BMP: INLET PROTECTION (continued)
GRAVEL FILTER
RUNOFF" WATER
SEDIMENT
CONCRETE CUTrER
p
•
Inlet protection details
WIRE MESH
~CURB INLET
2.87
BMP: INLET PROTECTION (continued)
2.88
T
1.~' MAX.
j_
,
SILT FENCE DROP INLET
PROTECTION
2 X 4' vaon ~RAME
DROP INLET
\JITI-l GRATE
$TAKE
I I
I I
lJ
PERSPECTIVE VIEWS
ELEVATION OF STAKE AND
FABRIC ORIENTATION DETAIL A
SPECIFIC APPLICATION
THIS METHOD OF INLET PROTECTION IS APPLICABLE WHERE THE
INLET DRAINS A RELATIVELY FLAT AREA (SLOPE NO GREATER
THAN 5%) WHERE THE INLET SHEET OR OVERLAND FLOWS (NOT
EXCEEDING 1 C.F.S.) ARE TYPICAL. THE METHOD SHALL NOT
APPLY TO INLETS RECEIVING CONCENTRATED FLOWS, SUCH AS
IN STREET OR HIGHWAY MEDIANS.
BMP: INLET PROTECTION (continued)
BLOCK AND GRAVEL DROP
SEDIMENT FILTER
INLET
WIRE SCREEN
GRAvt:L'" FILTER
SEDIMENT
WIRE SCREEN
..
4
SPECIFIC APPLICATION
CONCRETE BLOCK
-
FILTERED WATER
DROP INLET
WITH GRATE
THIS METHOD OF INLET PROTECTION IS APPLICABLE WHERE
HEAVY FLOWS ARE EXPECTED AND WHERE AN OVERFLOW
CAPACITY IS NECESSARY TO PREVENT EXCESSIVE PONDING
AROUND THE STRUCTURE.
'
2.89
BMP: INLET PROTECTION (continued)
2.90
-----
-L ___ FOlR 1-FOOT WIDE STRIPS OF SOD ON
EACH SlOE OF THE ORO~ INLET
~--RUNOFF WATER
WITH SEDIMENT
SPECIFIC APLLICATION
Inlet protection detail
----
=-------<:::::::::::::: __ _
FILITREO WAITR
BMP: INLET PROTECTION (continued)
PERSPECTIVE VIEW
~ X +• WEIR
SIDE ELEVATION
SPECIFIC APPLICATION
2' t.41N .. UU LENGTH
or-rx••
'1' X +" WEIR
THIS METHOD OF INLET PROTECTION IS APPLICABLE
TO CURB INLETS WHERE A STURDY, COMPACT INSTALLATION
IS DESIRED. EMERGENCY OVERFLOW CAPABILITIES ARE
MINII.jAl, SO EXPECT SIGNIFICANT PONOING WITH THIS
MEASURE.
Inlet protection detail
SAND BAG OR
"'-TERNATE WEIGHT
'1' X 4" SPACER
WIRE t.tESH
·INLET 1 TO
PIPE
2.91
BMP: KIMBLE FILTER PIPE
DESCRIPTION
A Kimble filter is a perforated pipe (with an optional filter fabric wrap,
depending on soil types) added to an existing inlet pipe, surrounded by washed
rock. ., ·
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Filtering sediment from water entering existing pipe at construction
area.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used in open drainage system maintenance and in
conjunction with other BMPs.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• When the inlet elevation for the perforated pipe extension exceeds the
surrounding bank height.
• To remove excessive fines unless the optional filter fabric is used.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Secure perforated pipe onto existing pipe and wrap in filter fabric as
needed.
• Fill washed rock high enough to ensure filtration.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• Check outfall periodically. Revise methods if water is not running clear.
BMP REMOVAL
• Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has
stabilized-potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed).
• Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP.
• Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable).
• Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable).
2.92
Existing Outlet Pipe
Optional: Filter Fabric Wrap, depending
on soil types
Perforated Pipe Extension Elbow
Washed Rock
Kimble filter detail
2.93
BMP: LARGE WOODY DEBRIS
DESCRIPTION
Large woody debris is any large piece of woody material (including the, trunk
and root mass) that intrudes or is imbedded in the stream channel. Woody
debris affects local flow velocities, streambed and streambank stability, and
local stream characteristics. For example: see DOE, WSDFW, and/or King
County Bank Stabilization Guidelines. Large Woody Debris is used to reduce
water velocity I erosive forces and to provide habitat for fish.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Improving aquatic habitat by re-directing flows away from eroding banks,
providing cover, creating pools and storing sediment.
• Providing stream bed and bank stabilization.
APPLICATIONS
When incorporating woody material into projects, it is necessary to identifY the
desired engineering performance and the desired habitat benefits. Each project
must be specifically tailored to meet the engineering objectives identified for the
habitat requirements of the target species. It can be used in combination with
other BMPs.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• When the specific design requirements and desired habitat benefits have
not been identified.
• Without consideration of the factors that influence the relative
permanence of the wood in the stream channel.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• These will vary based on existing site conditions, design features, size
and shape of the wood, its exposure to the forces exerted by moving
water, and its resistance to movement because of wedging, or embedding
with adjacent materials.
• Construct in accordance with design, specifications and permit
conditions.
2.94
BMP MAINTENANCE
• Monitor the large woody debris to ensure it remains "as built".
• Consult a qualified biologist for specific repairs.
BMP REMOVAL
• BMP removal is not applicable.
Large woody debris placed in streambed to
provide salmonid refuge. Note use of streambed
gravel, dewaterinx with pump. and mulching
2.95
BMP: lARGE WOODY DEBRIS (continued)
2.96
Large woody debris placed in a streamhed to provide salmonid
re.fitxe. Note use (~l turhidity curtain , sireambed gravel,
silt fence. coir fabric, mulching. and stream bypass
Large woody debris placed in streambed ro
provide .fish refuxe. Note use (~l
streambed gravel, mulch. and coirfahric
BMP: LARGE WOODY DEBRIS (continued)
b.W....-"ull <cag~ \ r---root,...~ ~--t.Ci~
:>10' l~:::~gth
lZ
sa= bed _)
~
~ p
~ ~· :;
/
~ pb.c:~bouidc~2-...l'.d.ia.
~ foo<.r lo~ 11" ~-min.
ROOT WAD: cross-section view, scale approx. 1 .. "'-1·. modiri.:d from Rosge:-~ 1996
fOCI~
~. -4'cL.a,
>Z.O' lo:ngth
(---<~OW
ROOT WAD: plan view, scale approx. 1" • 4', after Rosg~n 1996
_ :laCVC' _s:,..-.!"::
/ =~~·
II
2.97
BMP: LARGE WOODY DEBRIS (continued)
2.98
Jln><h-pio<od ... sbcU ... _,._-
llrusll' L/ft awerial, I ·3~Diomotor
~ .,
Typical Cross Section -Natural Material
Revetment
l'r•llll l11.1r
T~·pkaJ Plnn \lew~ :'\atuml i\fatrrinl Rrn~tnx-nt
Stale: l" =J~
BMP: LIVE STAKING
DESCRIPTION
Live stake planting involves the insertion of live, vegetative cuttings into the
ground in a manner that allows the cutting (stake) to take root and grow. This
BMP is used to reduce potential for soil becoming water bome, to reduce water
velocity I erosive forces after vegetation establishment, and to aid in habitat
protection/maintenance.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Using a system of live stakes to create a root mat that stabilizes the soil
by reinforcing and binding soil particles together.
• Using it in conjunction with other practices to provide for an increase in
site stability.
• Providing habitat and shade when planted along stream and/or
watercourse banks.
• Providing habitat for primary production.
• Providing habitat for prey base organisms such as macro-invertebrates.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may by used to repair small earth slips and slumps. It may be used
to reinforce or enhance stream channel banks. Live ·staking may be used to
anchor and enhance the effectiveness of willow wattles (fascines), excelsior
filled logs, backslope planting, coir logs/fabric, or other erosion control
material.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• Where vegetation growth will interfere with maintenance and/ or facility
access.
• Where vegetation growth will interfere with sight distance and/or create
safety issues.
• For immediate soil stabilization results.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Live staking must be done in accordance with design and/ or permit
conditions.
2.99
BMP: LIVE STAKING (continued)
• Harvesting and planting should optimally occur during the dormant
season (late fall to early spring).
• Use healthy live wood that is at least one year old. '
• Make a cle.an angular cut at the butt end. Cutting should be a minimum
of 24-inches long (for best results, use 36-inch long cutting) and % to 3"
in diameter.
• For best results, prior to installation. soak cuttings in water for a
minimum of 24 hours.
• Use a pilot bar (or similar device) in firm soils to establish a planting
hole.
• Plantings should be inserted into the ground 2/3 the length of the stake.
Re-cut any damaged or split ends after installation.
• Tamp soil around stake.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• Periodic inspection, repair and maintenance Will be done in accordance
With permit requirements. If no permits are required vegetation will be
monitored for the first two years or until the vegetation is established.
• Staked area may need to be watered during summer months.
BMP REMOVAL
• BMP removal is not necessary.
2.100
BMP: LIVE STAKING (continued)
Staked strt'anrhunk to provide \'t'XI.!futin' cm·er unce l't'gL'fution has l:'stuhtished
$~~.?;:~
~-~~~~-~'-
·' '··
'
Using straH· and lin! stuking to rt'dun: aosiotl and
fJrovide regetuti\'e con-'r onct: \'t'getution has estohtished
2.101
This page intentionally left blank.
' .
2.102
BMP: MULCHING
DESCRIPTION
Mulching is the application of straw. wood chips, or other suitable materials on
the soil surface applied manually or by machine. This BMP is used to' reauce
potential for soii becoming water or air borne and to reduce water velocity I
erosive forces after vegetation establishment.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Reducing erosion by protecting the soil surface from raindrop impact or
Wind.
• Decreasing surface water or Wind velocity impacts.
• Fostering the growth of vegetation by increasing available moisture and
providing insulation against extreme heat and cold.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP can be used in areas to provide protection to the soil surface. Areas
that have been seeded can be mulched to provide additional protection. This
BMP may be used in combination With plantings of trees, shrubs, certain
ground covers or in conjunction With seeding.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• On slopes steeper than 2 horizontal to 1 vertical.
• In watercourse and streams.
• In ditches where water flow is continuous.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• When used near watercourses or streams, this BMP must be used in
accordance With permit requirements.
• Mulch should be applied so that the soil is covered sufficiently enough to
allow seeds to germinate, but also protects the soil from erosion.
• Nets and matting may be used in combination With mulch.
• Various types and sizes of mulch are available.
• If used to stabilize soil from Wind forces, the mulch needs to be tilled or
incorporated into the soil.
2.103
BMP: MULCHING [continued)
BMP MAINTENANCE
• During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek·. '
Schedule. additional inspections during storm events. Make any required
repairs.
• Additional mulch should be applied where erosion or scouring occurs.
• If a tear occurs in the cover netting or matting, repair as necessary.
BMPREMOVAL
• BMP removal is not necessary under normal circumstances.
Using srrwr to reduce erosion in u slide area prior to a major stahiliz.in;; pn~ject
2.104
BMP: PLASTIC COVERING
DESCRIPTION
Plastic covering is used to cover exposed areas, which need immediate
protection from erosion. · ,
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Providing immediate temporary erosion protection to slopes, piles and
disturbed areas that cannot be covered by mulching.
• Protecting exposed surfaces from water and/ or wind erosion.
• Used in winter months as a temporary erosive control devise when grass
seed will not germinate.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used in disturbed areas, which require immediate erosion
protection, areas seeded during winter and spring to aid in germination and for
protection from heavy rain. Plastic covering may be used on steep slopes,
construction sites and on stockpiles and/or excess materials. lt may be used
in combination with other BMPs.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• For long term erosion control.
• Without controlling surface water runoff from the plastic covered area.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Plastic must be secured by staking or using weight (i.e. sandbag or tires)
to prevent movement. Rebar must not be used as a staking mechanism.
• Plastic covering must be "keyed" in at the top of the slope.
• Additional BMPs. such as a berm and/ or sediment control, must be
used to control surface water runoff from plastic.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek.
Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required
repairs.
2.105
BMP: PLASTIC COVERING (continued)
• Replace damaged sections of plastic.
BMP REMOVAL
'
• Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has
stabilized-potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed).
• Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable).
• Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable).
Plastic coverinx used as erosion protection
on a slope at construction/repair area.
Note additional use (?l mulch in area
Plastic coverin!{ used us a temporary
ero .... ·ion control on slope at slide urea
(.{/fer storm and before repair
--
llfi' .-~ -Wtk;'
Plastic coverinx used to protect
exposed surface from erosion during
construction/repair activities
BMP: PLYWOOD WORK PLATFORM
DESCRIPTION
A plywood work platform is a temporary work area under bridges or P.iers
consisting of framework, plywood, scaffolding and/or tarps. This BMP is used
to reduce the potential for debris and contaminants falling into water.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Providing a safe and efficient working environment.
• Containing fallen debris (concrete, wood chips, sawdust, slag and metal)
from entering water during construction, maintenance and repair
activities.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used under most small timber bridges or piers. It may be
used in combination with other BMPs.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• Where spans exceed 16 feet from bent to bent
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Framework is usually 4 in. x 6 in. joists 16 inches on center which span
the stream.
• 3/4 in. x 4ft. x 8ft. plywood is placed flat and tight, edge to edge, on
joists, and tacked with 6 d nails for easy removal.
• Tarps are placed over the plywood deck and draped vertically
approximately 36 in. high at the abutment wall of the deck and over the
hand rails at the other edges.
• A truck mounted bridge work platform may be an option, depending on
location and scope of work.
• A fire extinguisher shall be on hand at all times for spark and fire
suppression.
• Ensure that plywood platform and tarp does not enter the water.
2.107
BMP: PLYWOOD WORK PLATFORM (continued)
BMP MAINTENANCE
•
•
•
During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek ..
Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required
repairs. .,
Crew must provide frequent clean up of debris during the day .
Rips or tears in the tarp must be repaired .
BMPREMOVAL
• Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed.
• Remove debris on BMP.
• Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable).
• Re-vegetate bridge abutment area disturbed by maintenance activities (if
applicable).
2.108
Plywood work platform providing a safe work environment and containing fallen
debris from entering water during construction, maintenance, and repair activities
BMP: RIP RAP
DESCRIPTION
Rip rap is a long-term. erosion-resistant ground cover. It is compose.d of large,
loose, angular rock which may be used to stabilize embankments and ditches.
An optional filter fabric or granular underlining may be used.
PURPOSE
This BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Protecting the soil from the erosive forces of concentrated runoff.
• Reducing the velocity of runoff while enhancing the potential for
infiltration.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used for stabilization of steep slopes with seepage problems
and/ or unstable soils that need armoring to prevent sloughing, downstream
turbidity, and roadway or shoulder failure. This BMP should be used as a last
resort in locations where planting or other stabilizing methods are
impracticable. Rip rap may also be used to fill minor washouts along ditch
lines, at culvert exits and entrances and shoulders. It may be used in
combination with other BMPs.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used in watercourses or streams:
• Without permit review and approval.
• When maintenance activities could reduce actual or potential high flow
salmonid refuge functions, this BMP will only be used if:
• Required or allowed by permit conditions.
• Required by other regulations.
For applications outside of watercourses or streams, there are no limitations,
other than design constraints.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• In locations where permits are required, rip rap must be placed in
accordance with design and/ or permit conditions.
• Remove unstable and unusable soil.
2.109
BMP: RJP RAP (continued)
• Shape the sub-base to conform to site.
• Install fabric (if applicable).
• Place rip rap.
MAINTENANCE
• Inspect periodically to determine if high flows have caused scour beneath
the rip rap or filter fabric.
BMP REMOVAL
• BMP removal may not be necessary. If BMP is removed. it should be
done in accordance with design and applicable permits.
Rip rap placed on slope for increased stability
Rip rap used to provide bank stability
2.110
BMP: ROCK CHECK DAM
DESCRIPTION
A rock check dam is a small temporary dam constructed across a swale or
drainage ditch. A rock check dam can be used to provide settling of s~il-,
particles and reduction in water velocity I erosive forces.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes. but is not limited to:
• Reducing water velocity I erosive forces.
• Trapping soil particles generated from adjacent areas or the drainage
ditch.
APPLICATIONS
Rock check dams may be used to aid in sediment trapping from a work site. It
may be used in combination with other BMPs.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• When maintenance activities could reduce actual or potential high flow
salmonid refuge functions, this BMP will only be used if:
• Required or allowed by permit conditions.
• Required by other regulations.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• The maximum height of the dam shall be 3 feet.
• The center of the check dam must be at least 6 inches lower than the
outer edges.
• For added stability, the base of the check dam can be keyed into the soil
approximately 6 inches.
• Maximum spacing between the dams should be such that the toe of the
upgrade dam is at the same elevation as the top of the downgrade dam.
• Filter fabric may be used under the stone to provide a stable foundation
and to facilitate the removal of the rock by hand.
• Use in small open channels.
• Refer to sketches on following pages for details.
2.111
BMP: ROCK CHECK DAM (continued)
BMP MAINTENANCE
•
•
•
•
During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek .
Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any ~equired
repairs.
.,
Repair damaged BMPs due to end runs or undercutting .
Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of
the BMP.
Inspection on a regular basis should ensure that the center of the dam is
lower than the edges. Erosion around the edges of the dam should be
corrected.
BMP REMOVAL
• Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has
stabilized-potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed).
• Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP.
• Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable).
• Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable).
Rock checkdam in ditch to prol'ide reduction in water velocity
2.112
BMP: ROCK CHECK DAM (continued)
NOT£:
KEY STONE INTO CHANNEL BANKS AND
£XT£ND IT BEYOND TH£ ABUTMENTS A
MINIMUM OF 18" (0. 5m) TO PREVENT
FLOW AROUND DAM.
VIEW LOOKING UPSTREAM
FLow
SECTION A -A
'L' = THE DISTANCE SUCH THAT POINTS ;A' AND
'B' ARE OF £DUAL ELEVATION.
f--------'L ·-------l
POINT 'B'
SPACING BETWEEN CHECK DAMS
NOT TO SCAL£ ROCK
CHECK DAM
2.113
This page intentionally left blank .
. , .
2.114
BMP:SANDBAG
DESCRIPTION
A sandbag is a pre-manufactured cloth or plastic bag (polypropylene) filled with
sand or gravel. Sandbags can be used to keep water from the work area,'for
settling and reduction in water velocity I erosive forces.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• A barrier.
• A protective barrier against flooding.
• Using in combination with other methods, to form a cofferdam.
• Using as a sediment filter (when used with clean pea gravel).
• Using as a ballast.
• Other multi-purpose situations.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used during emergencies to control the flow and level of
water. It may be used in combination with other barriers.
This BMP may be used during construction to form dewatered areas, for
example, cofferdams, and for various other impromptu situations.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• Where permit conditions state otherwise.
• When maintenance activities conducted in locations could reduce actual
or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions, this BMP will be used if
required by permit conditions.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• When used in watercourses or streams, this BMP must be used in
accordance with permit requirements.
• Refer to Appendix B for Fish Exclusion Protocols.
• If sandbag filling is to be used as streambed gravel, it must be washed
prior to filling bags, appropriately sized according to design and placed in
accordance with permit conditions. Wash rock off-site (at a location
where washed water can not enter watercourses, streams or wetlands)
2.115
BMP: SANDBAG (continued)
until water runs clear.
• Secure ends of sandbags to ensure material does not scatter.
• When used as a barrier stack bags tightly together and in alternating,
brick-layer fashion.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• During construction, inspect BMP's daily during the workweek.
Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required
repairs.
• Replace damaged sandbags.
• Repair damaged sandbag berm due to end runs or undercutting.
• Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of
the BMP.
• Check bags often for seepage and replace or add as needed.
BMP REMOVAL
• Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has
stabilized-potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed).
• Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP.
• Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable).
• Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable).
• Gravel filled bags may be split and the contents left in place, in streams,
when so stated in the specific permit conditions (Bags are to be removed
from job site).
Sandhags acting as a harrier
2.116
BMP: SANDBAG (continued)
A sundhug hurrif:'r usr:d to df:'ct"<'rJSI.! wuta l'docity. Note use o{silt mat and
hydrosl:'eding ro decn:asl:' ems ion and ro increase l'egetution in channel
Sundhu5;s holding hypuss pipe in place and
detaining sediment laden water on sire
2.117
BMP: SANDBAG (continued)
Sane/huMs .filled H'ilh washed rock actin;: as a .filter
2.118
Sandbags used in combination with plastic
and strawhales serving as a harrier
BMP: SEDIMENTATION SUMP
DESCRIPTION
Sedimentation sumps provide a sump within the flow line of ditches, swales, or
channels to allow soil particles to collect and settle. ·
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Collecting soil particles by settlement.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used in areas where water quantity or velocities Within
steeper sloped ditches, swales, or channels are transporting sediment or
material and impacting structures or habitat. It may be used in conjunction
With other BMPs.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• To remove excessive fines.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Place rim of structure at flow line elevation.
• Structures can be sized based on the quantity of soil particles and space
availability within the transport facility.
• Structures can be placed with other BMPs such as ditch linings or grass
lining.
• Structures can be placed in transport facilities where they collect
sediment prior to pipe crossings into streams, wetlands, sensitive areas,
or structures that easily plug With sediment.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• Structures should be monitored after rainfall events for determination of
cleaning schedule and frequency.
• Structures can be cleaned when necessary utilizing vactor truck used in
cleaning of catch basins.
BMP REMOVAL
• BMP removal is not necessary.
2.119
BMP: SILT FENCE
DESCRIPTION
A silt fence is a temporary sediment barrier consisting of fabric stretc_hed
across and attached to supporting posts and entrenched into the soil. It is
generally instalfed perpendicular to the flow direction to slow or stop water and
to allow filter /perimeter protection, settling of soil particles, and/ or reduce
water velocity I erosive forces.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Intercepting sheet flow.
• Intercepting and detaining small amounts of water from disturbed areas
during construction operations in order to allow for filtering or settling of
soil particles.
• Decreasing down slope sheet flow velocity.
• Retain soil particles on site.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used for perimeter protection. It may be used in combination
with other BMPs.
This BMP may be used below disturbed areas subject to sheet and rill erosion
where drainage area is no greater than .25 acre per l 00 lineal feet of barrier
and the slope behind the barrier should be no steeper than 2 horizontal feet to
l vertical foot. On relatively flat slopes the maximum disturbed slope distance
should not exceed 100 feet. The allowable disturbed slope distance decreases
as the slope gets steeper.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• Where rock or hard surfaces prevent the full and uniform anchoring of
the barrier.
• Directly in perennial streams or water courses.
• Around drop inlets.
• In front of storm drain inlets.
• As a diversion dam.
2.120
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• The BMP should be placed along contours. _
• The bottom of the fabric must be continuously and securely anchored for
its entire fength to prevent undermining.
• The height of the fence shall be adequate to reduce the potential of silt
from leaving the job site.
• There must be at least a three-foot overlap at vertical seams to avoid
leakage. Both ends of the overlap must be securely attached to posts.
• Increase the elevation at the ends of the BMP installation to prevent
"end runs."
BMP MAINTENANCE
• During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek.
Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required
repairs.
• Replace damaged sections of fabric.
• Repair damaged BMPs due to end runs or undercutting.
• Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of
the BMP.
BMP REMOVAL
• Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has
stabilized-potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed).
• Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP.
• Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable).
• Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal.
Silt fence being installed on a
temporary access road; used as
perimeter protection
2.121
BMP: SILT FENCE (continued)
EXTRA STRENGTH FILTrR FABRIC
N££0E[) WITHOI.IT WIRE: MeSH SUPPORT---.
STE:FL OR
WOOD POST
ATTACH FILTeR FABRIC
SECLIREL Y TO L!PSTREAM
SID£ OF POST---,
STrEL OR WOOD POST
36" (1m) HIGH A.t4X
.. FLOll'
:;."::;~~~ ·····•··. ·''"--~ •·· .•. /V_r;'-/ -~v:* ~://'
....L.--;..;..;;'1-:;1 : .... 6" (100 X TSOmm)
TRENCH WITH COMPACT£[)
BACKFILL
; ... .;.·.-'·-.,......:-
TRENCH DETAIL INST.UUTlON lflTROUT TRENCBING
NOTES:
1. SILT F£NC£ SHALL BE PlACeD ON SLOPE
CONTOURS TO MAXIMIZE PONOING EFFICieNCY. NQT TO SCALE
2. INSPECT AND REPAIR F£NCE: AFTER EACH
STORM £VENT AND REMOVF S£D/AI£NT WHE:N
NE:C£SS4RY. 9" (225mm) MAXIMUM
RECOMMENDED StORAGE HEJGHT.
·3. R£MOvaJ S£0/ME:NT SHALL 8£ OE:POSIT£0
TO AN AREA THAT WILL NOT CONTRIBL!Tr
SEO!A£NT Off -SIT£ AND CAN 8£ P£RMANENTL Y
STABIUZ£0.
2.122
SILT FENCE
BMP: SILT MAT
DESCRIPTION
A silt mat is a flat pre-manufactured pad made in three layers: jute r.:nesh,
excelsior, and burlap. The pads are 4 feet by 10 feet and are biodegradable.
Sediment passei3 through the mat layers and is held by the burlap layer. Silt
mats can be used to provide filter/perimeter protection, settling and reduction
in water velocity I erosive forces.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Intercepting and detaining small amounts of soil particles.
• Preventing erosion at discharge points.
APPLICATIONS
It may be used at pump discharges, pipe outlets, and/or downstream of work
sites to retain soil particles and provide stabilization. It may also be used in
ditch lines. It may be used in combination with other BMPs.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• As the only BMP when excessive soil particles are present.
• In high flow rates.
• As the only BMP when excessive fines are present.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• This BMP may be used singly or in a group on the streambed
immediately downstream of a work site.
• Silt mats should be installed with either staples or stakes.
• There is no need for disposal: place on adjacent slope or leave in place
after use and add seed and mulch to stabilize the slope.
• Joints need to be overlapped according to flow.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• During construction, inspect BMP's daily during the workweek.
Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required
repairs.
2.123
BMP: SILT MAT (continued)
• Sediment loads should be monitored frequently to ensure the silt mat's
capacity load is not exceeded. Replace silt mats before capacity is
reached. ·
• Check periodically for gaps.
BMPREMOVAL
• Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has
stabilized-potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed).
• Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable).
• Silt mat may be incorporated into permanent stabilization/re-vegetation
process.
• Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable).
2.124
Silt mut installed in ditch to decrease erosion
and a!lmv settlt'ment o{ .mspencled solids
BMP: SILTATION POND/SETTLING TANK
DESCRIPTION
A siltation pond/settling tank is a temporary containment structure or area for
silt laden water to be initially discharged. After sufficient settling. the water
may be discharged to sanitary sewer. storm drainage system or other BMP.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Allowing soil particles to settle prior to water being discharged off-site.
• Containing water borne soil particles on site.
• Controlling the flow of water through a control structure such as a tee
fitting, an oil water separator or an orifice.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used wherever silt laden water must be removed from of a
construction site. It may be used in combination with other BMPs.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP (Siltation Pond) should not be used:
• In soils that are not compatible for filtration, unless a liner is used.
• If there is inadequate space to process the volume of sediment-laden
water.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Silt ponds must be installed according to applicable permit
requirements.
• Water discharged from siltation pond/settling tank shall meet permit
requirements at the point of discharge.
• If an existing Retention/Detention facility or Settling Pond is near by, it
may be utilized.
• Check site to determine if there is adequate space for pond excavation.
• Portable tanks may be used where ponds can not be constructed.
• Siltation pond should be designed according to surface water design
standards.
• Geologist should review soil types to ensure compatible filtration.
• An optional liner may be used in ponds where soils are incompatible
with filtration.
2.125
BMP: SILTATION POND/SETTLING TANK (continued)
BMP MAINTENANCE
• During construction. inspect BMP's daily during the workweek..
Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required
repairs. '.
• Inspect filtering or control devices frequently; repair or replace them to
ensure that the structure functions as designed.
BMP REMOVAL
• Evaluate site to determine pond/tank is no longer needed (the area has
stabilized-potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed).
• Follow engineer's recommendations for removal of BMP.
• Recycle excess construction materials if feasible.
• When siltation pond is removed it shall be in such a manner as to
minimize disturbance. Remaining sediment shall be removed and/or
disposed of according to permit conditions.
• Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal according to permit (if
applicable).
Large silt pond with turbidity curtain in place
2.126
BMP: SILTATION POND/SETTLING TANK [continued)
A settling rank in H.'it' toldloH· nn site
cmuuinmeni t~l trater home soil particles
Sertfittg tank
2.127
BMP: SOIL STABILIZATION (BLANKETS AND MATTING)
DESCRIPTION
Soil stabilization can be accomplished through the installation of a protective
blanket (covering) or a soil stabilization mat on a prepared planting area, a
steep slope, channel and/ or shoreline.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Reducing erosion.
• Providing a microclimate that protects young vegetation and promotes its
establishment.
• "Reinforcing the turf' to resist the forces of erosion during storm events.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used on short, steep slopes where erosion hazard is high and
planting is likely to be slow in establishment. It may also be used on stream
banks or tidal shorelines where moving water is likely to wash out new
plantings. Soil stabilization blankets and matting may be used in combination
with other BMPs.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• In watercourses or streams without proper permits.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Installation is site specific.
• See following drawings and specifications.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• If vegetation is incorporated, inspect during the plant establishment
period. Re-plant, due to mortality, as necessary.
• Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Check for erosion
or undermining; any required repairs shall be made.
BMP REMOVAL
• BMP removal is not necessary.
2.128
Srahilizinx the soil in a sensitive
urea using hlankets
~:.~-~:::,·tr;
'1':~
Lininx, a ditch with soil stabilization
matting to reduce erosion
Stahilizing the soil using matting and hydroseeding
2.129
BMP: SOIL STABILIZATION (BLANKETS AND MATTING) (continued)
2.130
TYPICAL TREATMENT-2
SOIL STABILIZATION
MATTING INSTALLATION
CHECK SLOTS TO BE
CONSTRUCTED AS PER
lrMNfACTURERS RECOU~ENOAllONS.
.if'v TRANSVERSE
~ OPEN CHECK SLOT
ENTRENCH EDGES
OF N.A.TERLAL 6•
. .... : ...
UPSTREAM AND~
DOWNSTREAM
TERMINAL
BMP: SOIL STABILIZATION (BLANKETS AND MATTING) (continued)
TYPICAL TREATMENT-2
SOIL STABILIZATION MATTING.
SLOPE INSTALLATION
FILL SLOPE
SOIL STABIUZATlON NATS SHOULD
BE INSTALLED VERnCALLY
DOWNSLOPE mR BEST RESULTS.
TOE
1.4.6JNTAIN SLOPE ANGLE
SLOPE LINING
(WET SLOPE)
TREATMENT-L-----
POLYPROPEL YENE
NON-WlNEN
(NEEDLE PUNCHED)
GEOTD:Til£ FILTER
CLOTH (BEHIND
TREATMENT -2)
SOIL----.._
SLOPE SURFACE
SHALL BE SMOOTH
AND FREE OF
ROCKS, LUMPS OF
DIRT. GRASS AND
STICKS. MAT SHALL
BE: PLACED Fl.AT
ON SURFACE FOR
PROPER SOIL
CONTACT. __ ...__~-
BERM
1RENCH INTO BERM ANC
PROGRESS DOWNSLOPE
SLOPE LINfNG
(DRY SLOPE)
TOP OF
CUT SLOPE
TRE"ATI.!ENT -
BOTTOM OF RLL SLCII'E·---,
4' OR SHOULDER
BRE"AK POINT
2.131
BMP: SOIL STABILIZATION (BLANKETS AND MATTING) (continued)
GENERAL STAPLE PATTERN GUIDE ,
' AND RECOMMENDATIONS
FOR TREATMENT 2
(SOIL STABILIZATION MATTING)
.,
l
A
X
1 STAPL£ PER SQ. YO.
T .,
l 1/2' I 1/2'
-X
B
X X
1 1/2 STAPLES PER SQ. YD.
2.132
JOO
Z75
Z!IO
ZZ5
zoo
17>
150
125
100
75
50
Z5
FT
c
B
c c
B c D
A
A B B
4:1 3:1 2:1 1:1 LOW NfO. / HGH
FLOW FLOW
CI-W-lNEL CHANNEl
J>J<D
SHOREl.JNE
NOTE: FOR OPTit.I\.JM RESLUS, 1HESE RECOMMENDED
STAPLE PATIERN GUIDES MUST BE FOLLOWUl.
SIJGGESTEO ANCHORING t.IETHODS VN'ff
ACCORDING TO ~E MANUFACTURER. THIS
CHART SHOWS HOW SLOPE lfNGTHS AND
GRADIO'iTS AFF'ECT STAPLING PATTERNS.
I
X X
X
X c X
z STAPLES PER ·~:YO T
-i~'r-'T ..
X X X 1
D
J I /2 STAPLES PER 509· YD.
BMP: STRAW BALE BARRIER (1)
DESCRIPTION
A straw bale barrier (1) is a small temporary barrier constructed across a non-
fish bearing swale, gully, or drainageway. It is generally installed -
perpendicular to the flow direction to slow or stop water and to allow filter 1
perimeter protection, settling of soil particles, and/ or reduce water velocity 1
erosive forces.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Intercepting sheet flow.
• Intercepting and detaining small amounts of soil particles from
disturbed areas during construction operations in order to allow settling
of soil particles.
• Decreasing down slope sheet flow velocity.
• Retaining soil particles on site.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used in areas where permanent stabilization cannot be
accomplished immediately. It may be used in combination With other BMPs.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• Where rock or hard surfaces prevent the full and uniform anchoring of
the barrier.
• When maintenance actiVities could reduce actual or potential high flow
salmonid refuge functions. this BMP Will only be used if:
• Required or allowed by permit conditions.
• Required by other regulations.
• Where flow volume or water velocity inhibit BMP function.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Place bales in a single row perpendicular to the flow, With ends tightly
abutting one another.
• The bottoms of the end bales should be placed higher in elevation than
the top of the middle bale spillway to ensure sediment-laden runoff Will
flow over the barrier, and not around it.
2.133
BMP: STRAW BALE BARRIER (l) (continued)
• Bales shall be installed so that bindings are oriented around the sides
rather than on the tops and bottoms, to prevent deterioration.
• Bales shall be entrenched a minimum of 4 inches.
• Gaps between bales shall be sealed by wedging straw in the space to
limit escaping water.
• Bales shall be securely anchored by at least two stakes driven into the
ground a minimum depth of 18 inches.
• See following pages for construction guidelines and additional detail.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek.
Schedule additional inspections during storm events.
• Any required repairs shall be made (Repair any damaged BMPs due to
end runs or undercutting).
• Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of
the BMP.
BMP REMOVAL
• Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has
stabilized-potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed).
• Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP.
• Remove BMP.
• Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal.
2.134
BMP: STRAW BALE BARRJER (1) (continued)
STRAW BALE
91NOING WIRE
OR lWlNE
I'JLTERED
I
BARRIER
STN<ED AND ENTRENCHED
ST""' ...U:
COfr,IP,\C'JEO SOIL TO
PREVENT P1PINC
PROPERLY INSTALLED STRAW BALE
(CROSS SECTION)
1. EXCAVATE THE TRENCH. 2. PLACE AND STAKE STRAW BALES.
3. WEDGE LOOSE STRAW BETWEEN BALES.
4. BACKFILL AND CO.,.PACT THE
EXCAVATECl SOIL.
CONSTRUCTION OF STRAW BALE BARRIER
2.135
il .. .
II~~' II!
pu•IJII
1111'1111
IIII•JII
~·
BMP: STRAW BALE BARRIER (2)
DESCRIPTION
A straw bale barrier (2) is a temporary sediment barrier consisting of a row of
entrenched and anchored straw bales. It is generally installed perpendi~ular to
the flow direction to slow or stop water and to allow filter /perimeter protection,
settling of soil particles, and/ or reduce water velocity I erosive forces.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Intercepting sheet flow.
• Intercepting and detaining small amounts of water from disturbed areas
during construction operations in order to allow settling of soil particles.
• Decreasing down slope sheet flow velocity.
• Retaining sediment on site.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used for perimeter sediment control. It may be used in
combination with other barriers.
This BMP may be used below disturbed areas subject to sheet and rill erosion
where drainage area is no greater than .25 acre per 100 lineal feet of barrier
and the slope behind the barrier should be no steeper than 2 horizontal to 1
vertical. On relatively flat slopes the maximum disturbed slope distance
should not exceed 100 feet. The allowable disturbed slope distance decreases
as the slope gets steeper.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• Where rock or hard surfaces prevent the full and uniform anchoring of
the barrier.
• Directly in watercourses or streams when fish are present.
• When maintenance activities could reduce actual or potential high flow
salmonid refuge functions, this BMP will only be used if:
• Required or allowed by permit conditions.
• Required by other regulations.
• Where flow volume or water velocity inhibit BMP function.
2.136
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Bales shall be placed in a single row, lengthwise on the contour, with
ends of aqjacent bales tightly abutting one another. (If area does not
allow a sirigle row, additional rows need to be installed in a staggered
fashion).
• Bales shall be installed so that bindings are oriented around the sides
rather than on the tops and bottoms, to prevent deterioration.
• Bales shall be entrenched a minimum of 4 inches.
• Bales shall be securely anchored by at least two stakes driven into the
ground a minimum depth of 18 inches.
• Gaps between bales shall be sealed by wedging straw in the space to
limit escaping water.
• Loose straw scattered over the area immediately uphill from the bale may
increase barrier efficiency.
• See folloWing pages for construction guidelines and additional detail.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek.
Schedule additional inspections during storm events.
• Any required repairs shall be made (Repair any damaged BMPs due to
end runs or undercutting].
• Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of
the BMP.
BMP REMOVAL
• Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has
stabilized-potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed).
• Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP.
• Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable].
• Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal.
2.137
BMP: STRAW BALE BARRIER (2) (continued)
2.138
Stm11· Bolt: Barrier (:?) red11cing \nlll!r \'i!lm itr und
emsire f(un_'s. Nore other BMP\ also heint: 11sed
BMP: STRAW BALE BARRIER (2) (continued)
' D SPILLWA.Y D I
" a ij::> ' " • ~ D
CHANNEL BANK PLAN
VIEW LOOKING UPSTREAM
(
PONDING HEIGHT
~-------------~·------------~
--'L' = THE DISTANCE SUCH THAT POINTS 'C'
AND POINTS 'D' ARE OF EOUAL ELEVATION.
II v v
__..--POINT 'C' POINT
L[;li_Bt:[) ST!il4W BALE 4" {700mm)
MINIMUM INTO SOIL
SECTION A - A
SPACING BETWEEN CHECK DAMS
NOTES:
1. EMB£0 BALES 4" (100mm) INTO TH£ SOIL AND 'KEY'
BALES INTO THE CHANNEL BANKS.
2. POINT :<1' MUST BE HIGHER THAN POINT '8'.
(SPILL WAY HEIGHT)
3. PLACE .BALES PERPENDICULAR TO THE FLOW WITH
ENDS TIGHTLY ABUmNG.
II v
POINT :4'
NOT TO SCAL£
4. SPILLWAY HEIGHT SHALL NOT EXCEED 24" {0.6m). STRAW BALE
CHECK DAM
2.139
BMP: STRAW BALE BARRIER (2) (continued)
WEDG£ LOOSE STRAW \
BET•[EN BALES ~
BACkFILL AND COMPACT
THE EXCAVATED SOIL
--~
STRAW BALES~ -.
SPACE DISTANCE;
SLCPE = < 57., 300 FT
SLOPE = 5-10%, 200 FT
SLOPE = 10-40%, 100 FT
WOOD[,\ STAKES
HAY Oii STRAW BALES --,
WOODEN STAKES
HYDROSEED OR HAND SEED
SIDE SLOPE AS REQUIRED
STRAW BALE BARRIER
N.lS.
2.140
BMP: STRAW BALE BARRIER (3)
DESCRIPTION
A straw barrier (3) is a temporary barrier consisting of straw bales an<;l a rock
spillway placed across small drainage areas or gently sloping swales. It is
generally install~d perpendicular to the flow direction to slow or stop water and
to allow filter /perimeter protection, settling of soil particles, and/ or reduce
water velocity I erosive forces.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Intercepting sheet flow.
• Intercepting and detaining small amounts of water from disturbed areas
during construction operations in order to allow settling of soil particles.
• AlloWing runoff to flow through or over the barrier.
• Decreasing runoff velocity.
• Retaining sediment on site.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used in small channel flow situations. The rock size used in
the spillway can be enlarged to accommodate larger flows.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• Where rock or hard surfaces prevent the full and uniform anchoring of
the barrier.
• Directly in watercourses or streams when fish are present.
• When maintenance actiVities could reduce actual or potential high flow
salmonid refuge functions, this BMP Will only be used if:
• Required or allowed by permit conditions.
• Required by other regulations.
• Where flow volume or water velocity inhibit BMP function.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Maximum height of the spillway shall be 2 feet.
• See folloWing pages for construction guidelines and additional detail.
• Bales shall be installed so that bindings are oriented around the sides
rather than on the tops and bottoms, to prevent deterioration.
2.141
BMP: STRAW BALE BARRIER (3) (continued)
• Bales shall be entrenched a minimum of 4-inches.
• Bales shall be securely anchored by at least two stakes driven into the
ground a minimum depth of 18 inches.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• Inspect bales periodically and after each significant rainfall.
• Sediment shall be removed when it reaches one-half the height of the
bale.
BMPREMOVAL
•
•
•
•
2.142
Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has
stabilized-potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed).
Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP .
Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable) .
Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal.
Straw Bale Burrier (3) being used with a rock spillway
decreasing runojf velocity and retaining sediment onsite
BMP: STRAW BALE BARRIER (3) (continued)
FILTER FABRIC
(OPTIONAL}
/ PONOING HEIGHT
_) _____ _ FLOW
SEDIMENT STORAGf:
EMBED STRAW BALE
V 4" (IDOmm) MINIMUM
INTO SOIL
SECTION A - A
I DRAIN ROCK
I 1/2" MIN (40mm) PLAN
WOODEN STAK£
OR REBAR DRIVEN
THROUGH BALE.
TYP. 2 PER """"c--....
VIEW LOOKING UPSTREAM
IVOT£S:
1. PLAC£ BALES PERPENDICULAR TO FLOW.
2. HIBED THE BAL£ 4" (IOOmm) INTO TH£
SOIL AND "KEY" TH£ £NO BALES INTO TH£
CHANNEL BANKS TO PREVENT FLOW AROUND
TH£ BAL£5.
3. BALES PLACED IN A ROW WITH ENDS
TIGHTLY ABUTTING.
4. POINT "A" SHALl 8£ HIGHER THAN
POINT "8".
5. SPilLWAY H£/GHT SHALl NOT £XC££D :u· (0.6m}.
SEMI-PERVIOUS
STRAW BALE
SEDIMENT BARRIER
2.143
BMP: STRAW LOG
DESCRIPTION
Straw logs are manufactured from straw (or flax) wrapped in plastic netting.
Logs are placed and staked along the contour of newly constructed or '
disturbed slopes; in shallow trenches. When cut or folded to appropriate
length, these logs can be used to provide filter /perimeter protection, settling,
reduction in water velocity I erosive forces.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Reducing slope length to capture and retain sediment on the slope.
• Temporarily stabilizing slopes by reducing soil creep. sheet and rill
erosion until permanent vegetation can be established.
• Trapping topsoil and retaining moisture from rainfall, which aids in
growth of seedlings planted along the upslope side of the rolls.
• Intercepting and detaining small amounts of water from disturbed areas
during construction operations in order to promote settling of soil
particles.
• Filtering soil particles and debris.
• Reducing water velocity and erosive forces.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used in ditches or across culvert ends of any dimension. It
may be used instead of excelsior filled logs, coir logs, or straw bale filtering
systems. Straw logs may also be used for perimeter sediment control. This
BMP is particularly useful in areas where the effects of soil disturbance need to
be minimized.
This BMP may be used in gullies and stream channels as check dams; in
conjunction with gabions, rip rap. articulated block, or cellular confinement
systems. It may be used to anchor and enhance the effectiveness of willow
wattles (fascines). turf reinforcement mats, coir mats. continuous berms and
other erosion control material. Straw logs may be used to replace silt fences or
straw bales on steep slopes. It may be used in combination with other BMPs.
2.144
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• Where flow volume or water velocity inhibit BMP function.
• For permanent applications.
• When maintenance activities could reduce actual or potential high flow
salmonid refuge functions, this BMP will only be used if:
• Required or allowed by permit conditions.
• Required by other regulations.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Logs are placed and staked along the contour of newly constructed or
disturbed slopes, in 2-3 inch deep trench.
• Spacing depends on soil type and slope steepness.
• Tightly abut any adjacent logs.
• Install to prevent water from going around or under BMP.
• See "Live Staking", "Handseeding" and/or "Hydroseeding" BMP for
planting.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek.
Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required
repairs.
• Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of
the BMP.
BMP REMOVAL
• Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has
stabilized-potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed).
• Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP.
• Depending upon BMP placement, re-vegetation of site may be necessary.
• BMP removal may not be necessary.
2.145
BMP: STRAW LOG (continued)
, .
Sli'?AW ROLLS MUST B£ PLAC£0
ALONG SLOP£ CONTOURS
ie<.~~~
10'-25' (3-8m)
SPACING O£P£NOS
ON SOIL TYP£ ANI)
SLOP£ ST££PN£SS
)
S£01M£NT. ORGANIC AIATT£R.
ANO NATM S££0S AR£
CAPTUR£0 8£HINO TH£ ROLLS.
-s· (75-125mm)
1• X 1• STAJ<£
(25 x 25mm).
NOT TO SCALE
NOT£:
2.146
1. STRAW ROLL INSTALLATION R£0UIR£S TH£
PLACEMENT ANO SECURE STAKING OF TH£ ROLL IN
A TRENCH, .r-s• (75-125mm) O££P, f)UG ON
CONTOUR. RUNOF"F" MUST NOT 8£ ALLOW£0 TO RUN
UNOER OR AROUNO ROLL.
STRAW
LOGS
BMP: STREAM BANK STABILIZATION (BIO-ENGINEERING)
DESCRIPTION
This BMP utilizes vegetation as a method of stabilizing stream banks .. Use of
stream bank stabilization requires design. For example: see DOE, WSDFw,
and/or King County Bank Stabilization Guidelines.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Protecting stream banks from the erosive forces of flowing water,
thereby, reducing silts and sedimentation.
• Using it in conjunction with other practices to provide for an increase in
site stability.
• Providing habitat and shade when planted along stream and/or
watercourse banks.
• Providing habitat for primary production.
• Providing habitat for prey base organisms such as macro-invertebrates.
Stahili:::.ing the stream hunk fry us in!.{ coir logs, hydroseedinx. and live staking.
Streambed gravel installed to prm·ide a natural spmvninx substrate
2.147
BMP: STREAM BYPASS
DESCRIPTION
A stream bypass is a method of diverting the main flow of a stream to a
temporary altemate route during construction. It is used in conjunction with a
cofferdam and.'pumps. A stream bypass may be constructed by various
methods or combination of methods such as earthen berms, sand bags, ecology
blocks and aqua barriers.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Diverting flowing water away from or around a construction site.
• Minimizing sedimentation.
• In limited cases, it may provide for fish passage.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used at stream crossings during culvert replacement, at
bridge repair sites, and other sites where the stream flow cannot be
interrupted. It may be used in combination with other barriers.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Stream bypass BMPs must be installed according to applicable permit
requirements.
• Refer to Appendix B for Fish Exclusion Protocols.
• Determine best method for specific site.
• Discuss strategy with crew.
• Work quickly to avoid water contamination by sediment.
• Ensure pipe outlet is stabilized to prevent scour and erosion.
• Pump and bypass should be designed or reviewed by an engineer to
ensure capacity can handle peak flows.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• Inspect bypass, pump, and dam periodically. Repair any leaks.
• Check for scour at bypass outfall. Repair or move as necessary.
• Have adequate fuel supply and backup pumps in the event of mechanical
failure.
• Inspect fish isolation nets to ensure complete exclusion. Remove any
accumulated debris from isolation net.
2.148
BMP REMOVAL
• Remove BMP when in water work is complete.
• Fish passage for all life stages will be restored following in water ~ork.
• Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable).
• Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable).
A strewn bypass used to divert water
around u com;truction site
2.149
BMP: STREAM BYPASS (continued)
A srri!WII hypuss u.\'ed ro din·rr wuta around u construction site
2.150
BMP: STREAM BYPASS (continued)
/
STREAM BYPASS DETAILS
CONSTRUCTION
AREA
--
,----AL TERNA T!NG
STRAI.'BALES
\ gj~~~ggg~~~~~~~--COFFER DAM ~\__PUMP BASE FLO\/ SEE DETAIL
PAST CONSTRUCTION
S!TE
LAKE
2.151
BMP: STREAMBED GRAVEL
DESCRIPTION
Streambed gravel is sediment free, non-angular gravel of variable size!' used for
habitat protection/maintenance or culvert replacements (which may be '
watercourses or ·streams).
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Providing a natural substrate.
• Minimizing siltation in ditches and/or stormwater facilities.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used to provide fish habitat in sensitive areas, culverts or
ditches used by fish. It may be used in combination with other BMPs.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• If the gravel does not meet design specifications.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Streambed gravel must be placed in accordance with applicable design
and/or permit conditions.
• Check gravel gradation to ensure it meets design specifications.
• If gravel does not meet specifications because of excessive fines, wash
rock off-site (at a location where washed water can not enter
watercourses, streams or wetlands) until water runs clear.
• Haul material in clean truck bed.
• Dump cleaned rock onto tarped area on-site.
• Place a cover and berm around clean rock stockpiles.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• Inspect piles of cleaned rock periodically. If rock becomes sediment-
laden re-wash rock prior to use.
BMP REMOVAL
• BMP removal is not applicable.
2.152
Plucinx streamhed gra\·el inside a newly installed
cross culn'rt to JH.o\·ide a natural suhstrate forfish
2.153
BMP: SURFACE ROUGHENING
DESCRIPTION
Surface roughening is roughening a bare, sloped soil surface with horizontal
grooves running across the slope. Groves can be large-scale, such as gr~oving
with disks, tiller', or other machinery, or with heavy track machinery which
should be reserved for sandy, noncompressible soils. Roughening aids the
establishment of vegetative cover, improves water infiltration, and decreases
runoff velocity. This BMP is intended to keep soil from becoming water bome
and reduces water velocity I erosive forces.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Reducing runoff velocity and increasing infiltration.
• Reducing erosion and providing for sediment trapping.
• Aiding in establishment of vegetative cover with seed.
• Reducing wind velocity at the soil surface.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP should be used as a temporary technique. It may be used in areas to
reduce surface runoff or wind velocity until other BMPs can be installed. This
BMP may be used on steeper slopes where revegetation is establishing. This
BMP may be used in combination with other BMPs.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• On slopes with a rock surface.
• On excessively roughened slopes where mowing is planned.
• In sensitive areas with hydric soils, due to heavy compaction.
• On steep slopes without simultaneous revegetation.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Surface Roughening shall be done by operating tracked equipment up
and down the slope to leave traverse depressions in the soil.
• As few passes as possible should be made to minimize soil compaction.
• The surface should be roughened to a depth of 2 to 4 inches.
2.154
BMP MAINTENANCE
• During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek ..
Schedule c,tdditional inspections during storm events. Check for erosion,
scour and sloughing, make any required repairs.
BMP REMOVAL
• BMP removal is not applicable.
2.!55
BMP: SURFACE ROUGHENING (continued)
TRACKING' WITH MACHINERY UP
AND DOWN THE SlOPE PROVIDES
GROOVES THAT WILl CATCH S£EO.
RAINFALl AND REDUCE RUNOFF.
TRACKING
CONTOUR FURROWS
2.156
SURFACE
ROUGHENING
BMP: SURFACE ROUGHENING (continued)
FILL SLOPE TREATA!JENT
DOZER TREADS CREATE
GROOVES PERPENDICULAR
TO THE SLOPE.
TRACKING
2.157
BMP: SWEEPING
DESCRIPTION
Sweeping is done by hand or mechanical means. A sweeper is a vehicle with
brushes and/or a vacuum system and a water spray system used on th~
roadways to remove debris and soil particles.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Removing soil particles and debris before entering drainage systems,
streams or watercourses.
• Suppressing dust on roadways and at construction sites.
• Removal of snow sand after snow and ice control operations.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used to remove soil particles, debris and/ or snow sand from
paved surfaces. It may be used in combination with other BMPs.
LIMITATIONS
• All street sweeping is a benefit. There are no limitations.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Use pickup brooms in sensitive areas.
• Always use water with mechanical brooms.
• Schedule snow sand removal as part of the snow and ice emergency
response.
• Dispose of collected material at permitted facilities.
• Do not pick up suspicious debris (call appropriate agency).
BMP MAINTENANCE
• BMP maintenance is not applicable.
BMP REMOVAL
• BMP removal is not applicable.
2.158
(
A swt'l!fJt'r picking up dl'hris and soil fhlrricfts nn a fHH'td access mad
2.159
This page intentionally left blank .
. , .
2.160
BMP: TEMPORARY SEDIMENT TRAP
DESCRIPTION
A temporary sediment trap is a small ponding area formed by constructing an
earthen embankment with a rock outlet to allow for soil particle settling~ ,
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Intercepting and detaining small amounts of water from disturbed areas
during construction operations in order to allow settling of soil particles.
• Retaining sediment on site.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used below disturbed areas where the total contributing
drainage area is less than 3 acres. It may also be used where the sediment
trap will be used no longer than 18 months. This BMP may be used in
combination with other BMPs.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• In areas where the total contributing drainage area is more than 3 acres.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• The area under the embankment shall be cleared and stripped of any
vegetation and root mat.
• Fill material shall be free of roots or other woody vegetation, organic
material and other unsuitable material.
• All embankment slopes shall be not steeper than 2 horizontal to l
vertical.
• The embankment shall be seeded.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek.
Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required
repairs.
• Sediment shall be removed when it has accumulated to one-half the
original dimension.
2.161
BMP: TEMPORARY SEDIMENT TRAP (continued)
BMP REMOVAL
• Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has
stabilized-potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed).
• Remove sediment buildup from BMP.
• Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable).
• Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable).
2.162
BMP: TEMPORARY SEDIMENT TRAP (continued)
ORICif".LA,L
GROUND
ElE:V .. 1
67 CU. YP./ACRE
67 CU. YP./ACRE
(EXCAVATED)
I ,., ~·RIASl£~ I
-
• VARW!l.E
ORICINAL.
GROUND
ELEV.
•SEE PLATE J.13-t COARSE AGGREGATE ClASS I RlPRAP
CROSS SECTION OF OUTLET
CLASS RIPRAP
LENGTH (IN FEET) •
6 X DRAIN.\GE AAEA
(IN AC.)
OUTLET (PERSPECTIVE VIEW)
Temporary sediment trap detail
ONERSION
DIKE:
2.163
BMP: TRIANGULAR SILT DIKE
DESCRIPTION
A triangular silt dike is a sediment control device made of foam sewn into a
woven geo-synthetic fabric. It is triangular in shape, 10 in. to 14 in. high in
the center, with' a 20 in. to 28 in. base. An apron extends beyond both sides of
the triangle along its standard section of 7 ft. A sleeve at one end allows
attachment of additional sections as needed. This BMP can be used to provide
settling and/or reduction in water velocity/erosive forces.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Intercepting sheet flow.
• Intercepting and detaining small amounts of water from disturbed areas
during construction operations in order to allow settling of soil particles.
• Decreasing down slope sheet flow velocity.
• Retaining soil particles on site.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used for temporary check dams in ditches of any dimension.
This BMP may be used for perimeter protection. It may be used in combination
with other barriers.
This BMP may be used below disturbed areas subject to sheet and rill erosion
where drainage area is no greater than .25 acre per 100 lineal feet of barrier
and the slope behind the barrier should be no steeper than 2 horizontal to 1
vertical. On relatively flat slopes the maximum disturbed slope distance
should not exceed 100 feet. The allowable disturbed slope distance decreases
as the slope gets steeper.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• Where flow volume or velocity inhibit BMP function.
• As a filter.
• When maintenance activities could reduce actual or potential high flow
salmonid refuge functions, this BMP will only be used if:
• Required or allowed by permit conditions.
• Required by other regulations.
2.164
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Install with the long flap upstream.
• Install to prevent water from going around or under BMP.
• BMP should be placed along contours.
• BMP must be anchored with adhesive on asphalt or other hard surfaces
or staples or stakes on soil or soft surfaces.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek.
Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required
repairs.
• Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of
the BMP.
BMP REMOVAL
• Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has
stabilized-potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed).
• Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP.
• Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable).
• Use vacuum sweeper or hand broom to clean road surface.
• Depending upon BMP placement, re-vegetation of site may be necessary.
2.165
BMP: TRIANGULAR SILT DIKE (continued)
2.166
A triangular \·ift dike dewinint: wafer and 1tllowing soil particles to settle
A triangular silr dike in place with accltnllflaied
stdinu:m heinJ.: re!uined on site. prior to cleaning
BMP: TRIANGULAR SILT DIKE (continued)
DITCH LINER
DETAIL A-A
Triangular silt dike detail
HELP HOlD
I
' I
\
2.167
BMP: TURBIDITY CURTAIN
DESCRIPTION
A turbidity curtain is a pre-manufactured floating geotextile structure which
minimizes turbidity transport from a disturbed area adjacent to or within a
body of water. This devices allows for settling of suspended solids and/ or
reducing water velocity.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Minimizing the mixing of turbid water with the adjacent clean water.
• Containing soil particles during construction and/ or repair activities.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used in water including open drainage systems, non-tidal
and tidal watercourses where construction activities create turbidity.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• Or placed across the main flow of a significant body of water.
• To cross more than 2/3 of the main flow of any salmonids bearing water
at the time of the year when any life history stage of salmonids are
expected to be present.
• Where flow volume or water velocity inhibit BMP function.
• For any purpose other than retaining silt.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Turbidity curtains must be installed according to applicable permit
requirements.
• Follow manufacturer recommendations and guidelines for installation
and safety measures.
• Turbidity curtains are available in various heights. The units are
preassembled in 50-foot lengths and are used by connecting the number
of units required.
• Add a suitable weight or anchoring system to the bottom of the curtain.
• See drawings on following pages.
• The turbidity curtain can be deployed in standing and/or in flowing
water (see limitations).
2.168
BMP MAINTENANCE
• During construction, inspect BMP's daily during the workweek ..
Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required
'
•
•
repairs.
Inspect daily .
If repairs are required, follow directions in repair kit instructions .
BMP REMOVAL
• Remove BMP (recycle and/or reuse if applicable).
• Follow manufacturer recommendations for removal.
• When curtain is removed it shall be in such a manner as to minimize
turbidity. Remaining soil particles shall be sufficiently settled before
removing the curtain.
• Water discharged from turbidity curtain shall meet permit requirements
at the point of discharge.
A river repair prqject in progress using u turbidity curtain to contain turbid water
2.169
BMP: TURBIDITY CURfAIN (continued)
TURBIDITY CURTAJJV
TYPE ill
22 OZ. NYLON REINFORCED VINYL STR£SS BAND CONNECTOR FlOAT All ON
\
\
\
OE?T>t ACCORDING TO NEED ,.-----..
5/16 V1NYL CQ.t..TING CABLE
{ON BOll-i SlOES OF CURTAIN
TO REDUCE STIWN)
#24 SAFETY HOOK STRESS PlATE LAP UNK 5/16 IN.
ORIENTATION WHEN
(TIDAL SITUATION
NOTE: ANCHORING WIT~ BUOYS.
AS S.,_.OWN, REMOVES AU.
..rnTICAL FORCES FROI.I "THE
CURTAIN. HENCE. THE CURTAIN
Wll..L NOT SINK FRO~ WINO ~
CURRENT LOADS.
ATTACH UNES
TO SHACKLE
INSTALLED
TYPE Til)
CHAIN
AUTCtr.l..&.l1C Fl..ASHING
UGHT (ON AT OUSI<-
OFF AT DAWN) 1 00'
ON CENT(R SHALL 8(
USED tl NAVIGABLE
Cf-W.INELS ONLY
-t-o----STANDARD CONrA.INt.4ENT
SYSTE .... S UGHT BUOY
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Q 0 0 0 <> 0 0 0 0 <>"' 0 0 0 0 0 0 Q 0 <> 0 Q 0 0 Q 0 0 0 0 Q <> 0 0 0 oo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 oo 0 0 0 0
0 <J 0 Q 0 Q Q (] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2.170
BMP: TURBIDITY CURfAIN (continued)
TURBIDITY CURTAI1V
, TYPICAL LAYOUTS:
STREAMS, PONDS & LAKES (PROTECTED & NON-TIDAL)
SHOREI.JNE
LII.IITS OF
CCNSTR.
f(
TURSIDrTY
CURTAIN
--+ STAKE OR ANCHOR,
EVERY 100' (TYPICAL)
~ f"ILL AREA
"' THIS DISTANCE IS VARIABLE
TIDAL WATERS AND/OR HEAVY WIND & WAVE ACTION
EBB _s---FLOOD
SHORELINE
ANCtiOR PT.
• THS DISTANCE ts VARIABLE.
<>
EXISTING
CAUSEWAY
ANCHOR ll
ANCHOR BUOY
BARRIER MOVEMENT
DUE TO TIDAL CHANGE
~riLL AR£A
PROPOSED TOE
OF SLOPE
SHORELINE
ANCHOR f'T.
2.171
BMP: VACTORING
DESCRIPTION
Vactoring is the use of a truck mounted drainage system cleaning dev:ic~.
The cleaning device operates on the principle of large volume, high-speed air
movement to lift water, soil particles/sediment, contaminants and debris. A
large tube conveys the collected materials into a tank mounted on the truck.
The cleaning device also includes a freshwater supply and high-pressure pump
system to flush and clean pipes and structures. Collected material is
transported in the truck to approved disposal sites.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Cleaning drainage systems.
• Dewatering the work area.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used to clean and/ or dewater enclosed drainage systems,
open drainage systems, excavations and settling ponds. It may be used in
conjunction with other BMPs.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• Where the flow exceeds the capacity of the cleaning device.
• To remove large debris.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• When used in a watercourse or stream, vactoring should be done
according to applicable permit requirements.
• Reduce potential for sediments and debris from re-entering water.
• If entering a confined space use appropriate air testing and entry
procedures.
• Prepare work sequence to address backup equipment or project phasing
when tank is full.
2.172
BMP MAINTENANCE
• Follow manufacturer's operation and service guidelines.
BMP REMOVAL
• BMP removal is not applicable.
Vue tor tntck removing sediment from catch basin
2.173
BMP: VEGETATIVE BUFFER
DESCRIPTION
A vegetative buffer is a strip of vegetation adjacent to sensitive areas, .ditches,
pavement, and/ or gravel. This BMP prevents soil from becoming water bome
and reduces wafer velocity I erosive forces.
PURPOSE
The purpose of the BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Providing bio-filtration.
• Reducing soil particles, snow sand and debris from entering sensitive
areas.
• Providing habitat and shade when planted along stream and/ or
watercourse banks.
• Providing habitat for prey base organisms such as macro-invertebrates.
• Allowing plants to grow over the ditch or channel.
• Providing shade as long as it does not become a public safety hazard.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used adjacent to ditches and/or sensitive areas, parallel to
roadways, parking lots or at road crossings. It may be used in combination
with other BMPs.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• If it creates a potential public safety hazard.
• If it could cause water flow problems that may result in flooding of the
roadway.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• To the greatest extent possible, preserve existing vegetation as a buffer.
• See other BMPs such as, handseeding, hydroseeding and/or live staking
for construction guidelines.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• Mow, trim or selectively harvest the vegetative buffer in accordance with
applicable permits.
2.174
(
• Re-vegetate as necessary.
BMPREMOVAL
• BMP removal is not necessary.
Using a ditchmaster
to leave a vegetative
buffer
Roadside ditch with a vegetative buffer
2.175
BMP: WASHED ROCK
DESCRIPTION
Washed rock is sediment free non-angular gravel.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to:
• Minimizing siltation in ditches and/or stormwater facilities.
• Reducing velocity and erosive forces.
• Filtering soil particles from water.
• Stabilizing disturbed areas.
APPLICATIONS
This BMP may be used wherever gravel will be placed in ditches and/ or
stormwater facilities which are watercourses or streams. It may be used in
combination with other BMPs.
LIMITATIONS
This BMP should not be used:
• In locations where design and/ or permit conditions prescribe other
streambed material.
• On steep slopes.
• On road shoulders.
CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES
• Wash rock off-site (at a location where washed water can not enter
watercourses, streams or wetlands) until water runs clear.
• Haul material in clean truck bed.
• Dump cleaned rock onto tarped area on-site.
• Place cover and berms around clean rock that will not be used
immediately.
BMP MAINTENANCE
• Inspect stockpiles of cleaned rock periodically. If rock becomes
contaminated rewash rock prior to use.
BMP REMOVAL
• BMP removal is not applicable.
2.176
/
(
Washed rock
2.177
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'
2.178
GLOSSARY
4(d) Rule -(ESA Section): The protective rule promulgated by the lead federal
agency. This rule is developed only for a single species at a time. The content
of a 4(d) rule may be a restatement of Section 9(a) prohibitions on take.. of a
species. but also may specifY actiVities which have been determined to be
adequately regulated and therefore can be given legal coverage for the
(incidental take) of the listed species.
Adaptive Management -A formalized process to evaluate the efficiency of
management actions.
Adjacent Steep Slope -A slope with a gradient of 40 percent or steeper
immediately adjacent to the site.
Agency -means a public utility district. joint operating agency, city, county, or
any other state govemmental agency, entity. or political subdiVision.
Alley -A highway not designed for general travel and primarily used as a
means of access to the rear of residences and business establishments.
Baseline Conditions -Aquatic ecosystem conditions existing prior to current
system changes.
Best Management Practices (BMPs) -Schedules of actiVities, prohibitions of
practices. physical structures, maintenance procedures and other management
practices to reduce pollution or to proVide habitat protection/maintenance.
Biofiltration -The simultaneous process of filtration, infiltration, adsorption,
and biological uptake of pollutants in stormwater that takes place when runoff
flows over and through vegetated areas.
Biofiltration Swale -A sloped, vegetated channel or ditch that proVides both
conveyance and water quality treatment to stormwater runoff.
Biological Assessment -A document prepared for the Section 7 process to
determine whether a proposed actiVity, under the authority of a Federal action
agency, is likely to adversely affect a listed species.
Box Culvert -A box structure, usually constructed out of concrete, which
conveys water under a roadway or embankment.
Bridge -A structure spanning and proViding passage over an obstacle, such as
a waterway.
Buffer -The zone contiguous with a sensitive area that is required for the
continued maintenance, function, and structural stability of the sensitive area.
3.1
GLOSSARY (continued)
Capital Improvement Project (CIP) -A construction project intended to create
new or expand existing roadway, drainage and/or utility infrastructure.
Maintenance or repair of currently serviceable structures is not a Capital
Improvement P:wject.
Case Studies -The framework of a set of reasons, arguments or supporting
facts offered to inquire or investigate in pursuit of knowledge.
Catchbasin -A chamber or well, usually built at the curb line of a street, for
the collection of surface water to a sewer or drainage system, having at its base
a sediment sump designed to retain sediment, debris or soil particles below the
point of overflow.
Channel -A feature that conveys surface water and is open to the air.
Check Dam -A barrier constructed in an open drainage system to decrease the
streamflow velocity, minimize channel scour. and promote deposition of
sediment.
Clear zone -Area adjacent to the roadway to remain clear of unmovable
objects (which includes trees larger than four-inches in diameter). Clear zone
requirements are specified in local, state and federal traffic laws and
guidelines.
Clearing-Vegetation removal. Routine maintenance tasks, for example,
mowing, brush cutting and ditch cleaning are not clearing.
Conservation Outcomes -The goals of the final consequences of the uses of
the Best Management Practices.
Constructed Wetland -A wetland that is created on a site that previously was
not a wetland.
Conveyance System -The drainage facilities, both natural and man-made,
which collect, contain, and provide for the flow of surface and stormwater from
the highest points on the land down to a receiving water. The natural elements
of the conveyance system include swales and small drainage courses, streams,
rivers, lakes, and wetlands. The human-made elements of the conveyance
system include gutters. ditches. pipes, channels, and most retention/detention
facilities.
Cut -The portion of land surface or area from which earth has been removed
or will be removed by excavating.
3.2
GLOSSARY (continued)
Decant -To release water gradually to an acceptable facility from a truck
mounted drainage system cleaning device (Vactor, Camel, Vac-Con) so as to
not disturb sediment.
Detention -The storage and subsequent release of excess stormwater runoff
from a site.
Detention Facility-An above or below ground facility, such as a pond or
tank, that temporarily stores stormwater runoff and subsequently releases it at
a slower rate than it is collected by the drainage facility system. There is little
or no infiltration of stored stormwater.
Development -Any land altering activity creating impervious surfaces or
otherwise modifYing site hydrology response. Road maintenance activities
conducted by agencies with 4(d) coverage under this regional program are not
regulated as development.
Development Regulation -Per Growth Management Act. Road maintenance
activities conducted by agencies with 4(d) coverage under this regional program
are not regulated as development.
Dike -A system of embankment, drains, ditches, canals, flumes, locks and all
other necessary artificial appliances necessary to protect land from flooding.
Discharge-The release of water from open drainage systems, enclosed
drainage systems, watercourses or streams, or surface water runoff from work
sites. Discharge from work sites can include sheet flow, pumping, or
channelized flows.
Ditch-A long narrow trench or furrow dug in the ground for surface/storm
water drainage.
Drain -A buried pipe or other conduit (closed drain). A ditch (open drain) for
carrying off surplus surface water or ground water.
Drainage-Refers to the collection, conveyance, containment, and/or discharge
of surface and storm water runoff.
Drainage System -A combination of facilities (e.g., ditches, pipes, conduits,
storage facilities, trenches)and natural features (e.g., open streams, ponds)
which operate together, to convey surface water from the point of origin to an
ultimate discharge point.
3.3
GLOSSARY (continued)
ESA Section 4 -Determination of Endangered Species and Threatened
Species: provides guidance regarding the promulgation of protective rules (e.g.,
4(d) rules), the steps within the listing determination process, the designation
of habitat, and ~ecovery plans.
ESA Section 7 -Interagency Cooperation: provides guidance regarding the
conference and consultation processes which focus on activities involving
federal agencies, the issuance of biological opinions, and exemptions for federal
agency actions.
ESA Section 9 -Prohibited Acts: provides guidance regarding activities
determined to result in take.
ESA Section 10 -Exceptions: provides guidance regarding the issuance of
incidental take permits and the development of habitat conservation plans.
ESA Section 11 -Citizen Lawsuits: provides guidance regarding third party
lawsuits, civil and criminal penalties, and enforcement.
Easement -A legal encumbrance that is placed against a property's title to
reserve specified privileges for the users and beneficiaries of the easement.
Ecosystem -A community of living organisms interacting with each other and
their physical environment (a stream ecosystem, for instance).
Emergency -An event causing imminent threat or danger: to public health or
safety, to public or private property, of serious environmental degradation.
Endangered -The classification provided to an animal or plant in danger of
extinction within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion
of its range.
Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended -Federal legislation intended
to provide a means whereby the ecosystems upon which endangered and
threatened species depend may be conserved, and provide programs for the
conservation of those species, thus preventing extinction of native plants and
animals.
Endangered Species Permit -A document issued by the Service under
authority of Section 10 allowing an action otherwise prohibited under Section 9
of the Endangered Species Act.
Energy Dissipater -Any means by which the total energy of flowing water is
reduced. In stormwater design, they are usually mechanisms that reduce
velocity prior to, or at, discharge from an outfall in order to prevent erosion.
They include rock splash pads, drop manholes, concrete stilling basins or
baffles, and check dams.
3.4
GLOSSARY (continued)
Erosion -The wearing away of the land surface by running water, wind, ice, or
geological agents, including such processes as gravitational creep. Also,
detachment and movement of soil or rock fragments by water, wind; ic:.e, or
gravity. '.
Erosion, Accelerated -Erosion much more rapid than normal or geologic
erosion, primarily as a result of the influence of the activities of man or, in
some cases, of the animals or natural catastrophes that expose bare surfaces
(e.g., fires).
Erosion, Geologic -The normal or natural erosion caused by geological
processes acting over long geologic periods and resulting in the wearing away of
mountains, the building up of floodplains and/ or coastal plains. Synonymous
with natural erosion.
Erosion, Gully -The erosion process whereby water accumulates in narrow
channels and, over short periods, removes the soil from this narrow area to
considerable depths, ranging from l to 2 feet to as much as 75 to 100 feet.
Erosion, Natural -Wearing away of the earth's surface by water, ice, or other
natural agents under natural environmental conditions of climate and/ or
vegetation undisturbed by man. Synonymous with geological erosion.
Erosion, Normal -The gradual erosion of land used by man which does not
greatly exceed natural erosion. See Natural Erosion.
Erosion, Rill -An erosion process in which numerous small channels only
several inches deep are formed; occurs mainly on recently disturbed and
exposed soils. See Rill.
Erosion, Sheet -The removal of a fairly uniform layer of soil from the land
surface by runoff.
Erosion, Splash -The spattering of small soil particles caused by the impact of
raindrops on wet soils. The loosened and spattered particles may or may not
be subsequently removed by surface runoff.
Erosion and Sediment Control -Any temporary or permanent measures
taken to reduce erosion, control siltation and sedimentation, and reduce
sediment-laden water from leaving a site.
Erosion and Sediment Control Facility -A type of drainage facility designed
to hold water for a period of time to allow sediment contained in the surface
and stormwater runoff directed to the facility to settle out so as to improve the
quality of the runoff.
3.5
GLOSSARY (continued)
Excavation -The digging and removal of material such as earth, sand, gravel
or rock.
Existing Site C~mditions -The conditions (ground cover, slope, drainage
pattems) of a site as they existed on the first day that the project entered the
design phase.
Facilities -means lines, conduits, ducts, poles. wires, cables. cross-arms,
receivers. transmitters. instruments, machines, appliances. instrumentalities
and all devices, real estate, easements. apparatus, property and routes used,
operated, owned or controlled by any utilities company to facilitate the
provision of utilities service.
Fascine -Bundles of living woody plant cuttings that are tied together. These
fabricated structures are capable of rooting. Also called contour wattles.
Fill -Earth, sand, gravel, rock, or other solid material used to increase the
ground surface elevation or to replace excavated material.
Filling -Any act by which earth. sand, gravel, rock, or other solid material is
deposited to raise the ground elevation or to replace excavated material (not
including roadway 1 shoulder surface maintenance).
Fish Exclusion Protocol -See Appendix B
Forbs -A herbaceous plant other than a grass.
Freeboard -The vertical distance between the design water surface elevation
and the elevation of the barrier which contains the water.
Gabion -A rectangular or cylindrical wire mesh cage filled with rock and used
as a protecting agent, revetment, against erosion. Soft gabions, often used in
stream bank stabilization, are made of geotextiles filled with dirt, in between
which cuttings are placed.
Grading -For purposes of road maintenance grading is to smooth or level to a
desired or horizontal gradient. Grading as used in these guidelines does not
refer to excavation or filling as defined in the Storm Water or Management Zone
ESA 4(d) program elements. Road maintenance activities conducted by
agencies with 4(d) coverage under this regional program are not regulated as
grading.
Gully -A channel caused by the concentrated flow of surface and stormwater
runoff over unprotected erodible land.
3.6
GLOSSARY (continued)
Habitat -The location where a particular species (or identified subspecies) of
plant or animal lives and its surroundings, both living and non-living. Habitat
includes the presence of a group of particular environmental conditions ,
surrounding an organism including air, water, soil, mineral elements,
moisture, temperature, and topography.
Harm -Defined in regulations implementing the ESA as an act "which actually
kills or injuries" listed wildlife. Harm may include "significant habitat
modification or degradation where it actually kills or injures wildlife by
significantly impairing essential behavioral pattems, including breeding,
feeding or sheltering" (50 CFR 17.3).
High Flow Refuge Habitat -Instream or off-channel habitat that contains the
structural elements and the range of water velocities and depths required by
juvenile or adult salmonids to shelter from flows generated during storm
events.
Hydrology -The science of the behavior of water in the atmosphere, on the
surface of the earth. and underground.
Impervious Surface - A hard surface area which either prevents or retards the
entry of water into the soil.
Infiltration -The downward movement of water from the surface to the
subsoil.
Infiltration Facility (or system) -A drainage facility (including ponds)
designed to use the hydrologic process of surface and stormwater runoff
soaking into the ground, commonly referred to as a percolation, to dispose of
surface and stormwater runoff.
Infrastructure -The basic facilities (roads, bridges, drainage, utilities),
equipment, and installations needed for the functioning of a system
(transportation. utilities).
Inlet -A fonn of connection between surface of the ground and a drain or
sewer for the collection of surface and storrnwater runoff.
Invert -The lowest point on the inside of a pipe.
Jeopardy - A determination reached through the consultation process, that an
activity would be expected, directly or indirectly, to reduce appreciably the
likelihood of both the survival and recovery of a listed species in the wild by
reducing the reproduction, numbers, or distribution of that species.
3.7
GLOSSARY (continued)
Jurisdiction -means any city, town, county, metropolitan municipal
corporation, or any other municipal corporation, or any other municipal
corporation or quasi-municipal corporation of the state of Washington ,
authorized to OFder local improvements, to establish local improvement
districts, and to levy special assessments on property specially benefited
thereby to pay the expense of the improvements.
Macro Invertebrate -An organism without a backbone that you can see with
your naked eye.
Maintenance: Repair and maintenance includes activities that:
(a) are conducted on currently serviceable structures, facilities, and
equipment;
(b) involve no expansion of or change in use of such structures, facilities, and
equipment beyond those which existed previously; and,
(c) do not result in significant negative hydrological impact.
Repair and maintenance include those usual activities taken to prevent a
decline, lapse, or cessation in the use of structures and systems and includes
replacement of dysfunctioning facilities. Repair and maintenance also include
the replacement of existing structures with different types of structures,
PROV1DED THAT such replacement is required to meet current engineering
standards or by one or more environmental permits and the functioning
characteristics of the original structure are not changed. (An example would
be replacing a collapsed, fish blocking, round or wooden culvert, with a new
box culvert under the same span, or width of roadway.)
Mitigation -To moderate, reduce, or alleviate the impacts of a proposed
activity, including: a) avoiding the impact altogether by not taking a certain
action or part of an action; b) minimizing impacts by limiting the degree or
magnitude of the action and its implementation, by using appropriate
technology, or by taking affirmative steps to avoid or reduce impacts; c)
rectifYing the impact by repairing, rehabilitating or restoring the affected
environment; d) reducing or eliminating the impact over time by preservation
and maintenance operations during the life of the action; and e) compensation
for the impact by replacing, enhancing, or providing substitute resources or
environments. (40 CFR 1508.20)
Monitor -To systematically and repeatedly observe something in order to track
its current condition.
3.8
GLOSSARY (continued)
Monitoring -The collection of data by various methods for the purposes of
understanding maintenance activities, BMPs, and features, or assessing the
performance of mitigation measures.
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) -The part of the
federal Clean Water Act, which requires point source discharges to obtain
permits. These permits are referred to as NPDES permits and, in Washington
State, are administered by the Washington State Department of Ecology.
Nutrients -Essential chemicals needed by plants or animals for growth.
Off-site -Any area that is not in the work zone .
Open Drainage System -includes stormwater conveyance systems that were
created entirely by artificial means, such as roadside ditches and storm or
surface water run-off facilities. These structures are not watercourses or
streams.
Ordinary high water mark -on all lakes, streams, and tidal water is that
mark that will be found by examining the bed and banks and ascertaining
where the presence and action of waters are so common and usual, and so long
continued in all ordinary years, as to mark upon the soil a character distinct
from that of the abutting upland, in respect to vegetation as that condition
exists on June 1, 1971, as it may naturally change thereafter, or as it may
change thereafter in accordance with permits issued by a local government or
the department: PROVIDED, That in any area where the ordinary high water
mark cannot be found, the ordinary high water mark adjoining salt water shall
be the line of mean higher high tide and the ordinary high water mark
adjoining fresh water shall be the line of mean high water.
Outlet-Point of water discharge from a stream, river, lake, tidewater, or
artificial drain.
Overflow -A pipeline or conduit device, together with an outlet pipe, that
provides for the discharge of portions of combined sewer flows into receiving
waters or other points of disposal, after a regular device has allowed the
portion of the flow which can be handled by interceptor sewer lines and
pumping and treatment facilities to be carried by and to such water pollution
control structures.
Pick Up Broom -A type of street sweeper machine that picks up material.
Plant Establishment Period -the time frame required for new seeds, live
3.9
GLOSSARY (continued)
stakes and/or plants to germinate, develop a root system and the potential for
casualty has passed.
Plug and Play c, The process defined by NMFS and USFWS so that agencies
can define their SOPs and use the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program
for 4(d) coverage.
Primary Production-Vegetation acts as a primary producer by forming the
food base for macro invertebrates, salmon and other organisms.
Primary Producer -An organism that uses light to synthesize new organic
material from carbon dioxide.
Project -Maintenance activity(ies) at a specific site.
Public Utilities -means pipes. conduits, and similar facilities for distribution
of water, electricity, natural gas, telephone, other electronic communication,
and sewers, including sewer outfall lines. Public Utilities also means the
agencies operating/maintaining these facilities.
Receiving Waters -Bodies of water or surface water systems receiving water
from upstream manmade (or natural) streams.
Recovery -The process by which the decline of an endangered or threatened
species is arrested or reversed, and threats neutralized so that its survival in
the wild can be ensured. The goal of the ESA is for the recovery of listed
species to levels where protection under the ESA is no longer necessary [50
CFR 402.02].
Redevelopment -Road maintenance activities conducted by agencies with 4(d)
coverage under this regional program are not regulated as redevelopment.
Regional -The area encompassing all agencies approved by NMFS and USFWS
for 4(d) coverage under this Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program.
Repair -Repair and maintenance includes activities conducted on currently
serviceable structures, facilities and equipment involving no expansion or use
beyond that previously existing and resulting in no significant hydrologic
impact. It includes those usual activities taken to prevent a decline, lapse, or
cessation in the use of structures and systems and includes replacement of
disfunctioning facilities, including cases where environmental permits require
replacing an existing structure with a different type structure, as long as the
functioning characteristics of the original structure is not changed. (An
3.10
GLOSSARY (continued)
example would be replacing a collapsed, fish blocking, round culvert, with a
new box culvert under the same span, or width, of roadway.)
' Retention -The process of collecting and holding surface and stormwater
runoff with no surface outflow.
Retrofitting -The maintenance function of replacing or repairing an existing
structure or facility to meet changed conditions or to improve performance.
Right of Way -means that area of land dedicated for public use or secured by
the public for purposes of ingress and egress to abutting property and other
public purposes. Right-of-way includes areas maintained by public agencies
through prescriptive rights.
Rill -A small intermittent watercourse with steep sides, usually only a few
inches deep. Often rills are caused by an increase in surface water flow when
soil is cleared of vegetation.
Riparian -Pertaining to the banks of streams, wetlands, lakes or tidewater.
Roadway-The traveled surface portion of the right-of-way structure.
Salmonid -Any member of the taxonomic family Salmonidae, which includes
all species of salmon, trout, and char [Salmon and Steelhead Stock Inventory].
Sediment -Fragmented material that originates from weathering and erosion
of rocks or unconsolidated deposits, and is transported by, suspended in, or
deposited by water.
Sedimentation -The depositing or formation of sediment.
Sensitive Area -A feature which supports unique, fragile or valuable natural
resources including fishes, wildlife and other organisms and their habitat and
such resources which carry, hold or purify water in their natural state.
Sensitive areas may include watercourses and streams; wetlands; lakes;
erosion areas and/or flood plains.
Services -National Marine Fisheries Service and United States Fish and
Wildlife Services.
Settleable Solids -Those suspended solids in stormwater that separate by
settling when the stormwater is held in a quiescent condition for a specified
time.
3.11
GLOSSARY (continued)
Sewer Systems-Combined sewage collection, treatment, and/or disposal
facilities and services on-site or off-site sanitary sewerage facilities, inspection
services and maintenance services for public or private on-site systems, or any
other means ofsewage treatment and disposal approved by the city; combined
sanitary sewage disposal and storm or surface water sewers; storm or surface
water sewers; outfalls for storm drainage or sanitary sewage and works, plants,
and facilities for storm drainage or sanitary sewage treatment and disposal,
and rights and interests in property relating to the system; combined water and
sewerage systems.
Sheetflow-Runoff which flows over the ground surface as a thin, even layer,
not concentrated in a channel.
Siltation -The process by which a river, lake, or other water body becomes
clogged with sediment. Silt can clog gravel beds and prevent successful salmon
spawning.
Soil Stabilization -The use of measures such as rock lining, vegetation or
other engineering structures to prevent the movement of soil when loads are
applied to the soil.
Species -(ESA Section 3) Any subspecies of fish or wildlife or plants, and any
distinct population segment of any species of vertebrate fish or wildlife which
interbreeds when mature.
Spillway -A passage such as a paved or rock apron, or channel for surplus
water over or around a barrier or similar obstruction.
Steep Slope -Slopes of 40 percent gradient or steeper.
Stormwater -That portion of precipitation that does not naturally percolate
into the ground or evaporate, but flows via overland flow, interflow, channels or
pipes into a defined surface water channel, or a constructed infiltration facility.
Stormwater Drainage System -Constructed and natural features which
function together as a system to collect, convey, channel. hold, inhibit, retain,
detain, infiltrate, divert, treat or filter stormwater.
Stormwater Facility -A constructed component of a stormwater drainage
system, designed or constructed to perform a particular function, or multiple
functions. Stormwater facilities include, but are not limited to, pipes, swales,
ditches, culverts, street gutters, detention basins, retention basins,
3.12
GLOSSARY (continued)
constructed wetlands, infiltration deVices, catch basins, oil/water separators,
sediment basins and modular pavement.
Stormwater Quality - A term used to describe the chemical, physical, and
biological characteristics of stormwater.
Stormwater Quantity - A term used to describe the volume characteristics of
stormwater.
Streams-" Watercourse' and 'river or stream' means any portion of a channel,
bed, bank, or bottom waterward of the ordinary high water line of waters of the
state including areas in which fish may spawn, reside, or through which they may
pass, and tributary waters with defmed bed or banks, which influence the quality
of fish habitat downstream. This includes watercourses which flow on an
intermittent basis or which fluctuate in level during the year and applies to the
entire bed of such watercourse whether or not the water is at peak level. This
definition does not include irrigation ditches, canals, stormwater runoff deVices, or
other entirely artificial watercourses, except where they exist in a natural
watercourse which has been altered by humans" WAC 220-110-020 (41).
Swale - A shallow drainage conveyance with relatively gentle side slopes,
generally with flow depths less than one foot.
Take -(ESA Section 3) " ... to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill,
trap, capture, or collect, or to attempt to engage in any such conduct" with
respect to federally listed endangered species of wildlife. Federal regulations
proVide the opportunity to apply take prohibitions to threatened species as
would ordinarily only apply to endangered species [50 CFR l7.3l(a)). Take of a
listed species includes modifYing the habitat of a listed species in such a way
that interferes with essential behaVioral patterns including breeding, feeding or
sheltering.
Toe of Slope - A point or line of slope in an excavation or cut where the lower
surface changes to horizontal or meets the existing ground slope; or a point or
line on the upper surface of a slope where it changes to horizontal or meets the
original surface.
Turbidity -The measurement of sediment or foreign particles stirred up or
suspended in water. HaVing muddy water.
Unavoidable -means adverse impacts that remain after all appropriate and
practicable avoidance and minimization have been achieved.
3.13
GLOSSARY (continued)
Unstable Slopes -Those sloping areas of land which have in the past
exhibited, are currently exhibiting, or will likely in the future exhibit,
movement of earth.
, .
Vactor Waste -The waste material vacuumed out of drainage systems.
Watercourse -See Streams
Waters of the State -All salt waters and fresh waters waterward of ordinary high
water lines and within the territorial boundaries of the state. WAC 220-110.43
Waters of the United States -All waters which are currently used, or were used
in the past, or may be susceptible to use in interstate or foreign ommerce,
including all waters which are subject to the ebb and flow of the tide; all interstate
waters including interstate wetlands; all other waters such as intrastate lakes,
rivers, streams (including intermittent streams}, mudflats, sandflats, wetlands,
sloughs, prairie protholes, wet meadows, playa lakes, or natural ponds, the use,
degradation or destruction of which could affect interstate or foreign commerce
including any such waters: Which are or could be used by interstate or foreign
travelers for recreational or other purposes; From which fish or shellfish are or
could be taken and sold in interstate or foreign commerce; or Which are used or
could be used for industrial purpose by industries in interstate commerce; All
impoundment's of waters otherwise defmed as waters of the United States under
the defmition; Tributaries of waters identified in paragraphs (a) ( 1) through (4) of
this section; The territorial seas; Wetlands adjacent to waters (other than waters
that are themselves wetlands) identified in paragraphs (a) (l) through (6) of this
section. Waters of the United States do not include prior converted cropland.
Notwithstanding the determination of an area's status as prior converted cropland
by any other Federal agency, for the purposes of the Clean Water Act, the final
authority regarding the Clean Water Act jurisdiction remains with EPA
(33CFR328.3).
Water Pollution Control Facility -or "water pollution control facilities" means
any facilities or systems owned or operated by a public body for the control,
collection, storage, treatment. disposal, or recycling of wastewater.
Water System -includes all real estate, easements, fixtures, personal
property, dams, dikes, head gates, weirs, canals, reservoirs, flumes or other
structures or appliances operated, owned, used or to be used for or in
connection with or to facilitate the supply, storage, distribution, sale,
fumishing. diversion, carriage, apportionment or measurement of water for
power, irrigation, reclamation, manufacturing, municipal, domestic or other
beneficial uses for hire.
3.14
ACRONYMS
4(d) -See glossary
ACOE -Army Corps of Engineers
' AOS -Apparent Opening Size
APWA-American Public Works Association
BMP -Best Management Practice
CWA-Clean Water Act
DBH -Diameter Breast Height
DOE -Department of Ecology
DPS -Distinct Population Segment
EPA -United States Environmental Protection Agency
ESA -Endangered Species Act
ESU -Evolutionary Significant Unit
FHWA-Federal Highway Administration
GMA -Growth Management Act
H&LPOSC -Highways and Local Programs Olympia Service Center
HCP -Habitat Conservation Plan
HPA -Hydraulic Project Approval
IPM -Integrated Pest Management
KCDNR -King County Department of Natural Resources
LWD -Large Woody Debris
NGPE -Native Growth Protection Easement
NMFS -National Marine Fisheries Service
NPDES -National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
PSWQA -Puget Sound Water Quality Authority
3.15
ACRONYMS (continued)
ROW -Right of Way
SA -Surface Area
SASSI -Salmon and Steelhead Stock Inventory
SBUH -Santa Barbara Urban Hydrograph
SCS -Soil Conservation Service
SD -Settling Depth
SOP -Suggested Operating Procedures
SSP -Stormwater Site Plan
T2 -Technology Transfer
TESC -Temporary Erosion and Sediment Control
TMDL -Total Maximum Daily Loads
TSS -Total Suspended Solids
USFWS -United States Fish and Wildlife Service
WAC -Washington Administrative Code
WC -URS Greiner Woodward Clyde
WRIA -Water Resource Inventory Area
WSDOT -Washington State Department of Transportation
WSDFW -Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife
3.16
APPENDIX A:
TRAINING COURSES & TOPICS
Course Topics Covered Course Materials: Staff to be Trained Tra1ner Pnonty Comrn6flts
Resource Documents
ESA101
Basics of ESA The ESA Mgt .. Maint_ Sups. & Leads, Insp. Des•gn, Bioi. " A Cover "Take & Harm·•
Basic Defimtlons "• , Ma1nt. Sups. & leads, lnsp, Design, B1ol T2 A
Species lrwolved "• . Matrll. Sups. & Leads. Insp. Design, Bioi. T2 A
Btologtcal Overv1ew Mgt .. Maint. Sups. & Leads, Insp. Des•gn, 8101 T2 A
Basic 4 (d) Rule Mgt., Main!. Sups. & Leads. lnsp, Desig11, B1ol T2 A
Sect1on 7 "• . Ma1nt. Sups. & leads. Insp. Design, BIOI T2 A
Section 9 Mgt., Mamt. Sups. & Leads, lnsp, DeSign, 8101 T2 A
Sect•on 10 Mgt., Ma1nt. Sups. & leads. lnsp, Design, 8101 T2 A
Bas1c Process "•· Mai11t. Sups. & Leads. Insp. Des1gn. 8101. T2 & Agency A
Rates & Respons1bih~es Mgt., Mamt. Sups. & Leads, Insp. Design, 8101 T2 & Agency A
Who makes what Deos•ons "• , Marnt. Sups_ & Leads. Insp. Design, B10l T2 & Agency A
Why do Ma111tenance "•· Maint_ Sups. & Leads. Insp. Desrgn, Bioi. T2 & Agency A Tartored to how 11 benehts species
Emergenc1es Mgt., Mamt Sups & Leads, Insp. Des1gn, B10i Agency A
The Tri-County Manual "• , Marnt. Sups. & Leads. Insp. Design. B1ol T2 & Agency A
Design
BMPs Erg & Sup T2 B
De!llgl1 Requ,ements Erg & Sup T2 B
Co11struct1on Sequence Erg & Sup T2 B
Perm1t Wmdows Erg & Sup T2 B
What is a "Link" Eng & Sup T2 B
Spoil Conl!ol En<;J & Sup T2 B
Ma1nte11a11C& Manual En<;J & Sup T2 B
Lor'lg term Main!. Impacts Eng & Sup T2 B
Temp. Eros1on Control En<;J & Sup T2 B
The Tri-County Manual Eng & Sup T2 B
BIOlOgical
Urut #1 Prepanng BA/BE Brologists & Envrr_ Stall T2 c
Listed Specres B1o1og1sts & E11v1r Staff T2 c
Fish Removal & Relocate Biologrsts & Enw. Stall T2 c
Roads Marnt 101 (Incl. Fol I B1olog1sts & Enw. Statf T2 c
· Why do Maintenance
· Benefits ot Mainter'lance
-Consequol!nces ot no maint
The Trr-County Manual Siologrsts & Envrr. Stall T2
Unit#2 Fish Identification Mgt .. Mairtt. Sups. & Leads. Insp. Design. B10l T2 B
Frsh Habrtat ld "• , Marnt. Sups. & Leads. Insp. Design, Bioi T2 B
F1sh Removal & Relocate "•· Mairtt_ Sups. & Leads. lnsp, Des.gn. B1ol T2
Sensrtrve Area ld Mgt .. Ma1nt. Sups. & Leads, Insp. Des1gn, 81ol. T2 & Agency B
TMe Tri-County Manual "• . Malt'!\. Sups. & Leads. Insp. Design. Bioi. T2 & Agency B
A. I
Appendix A: TRAINING COURSES & TOPICS (continued)
Course Topics Covered Course Materials! Staff to be Trained Trarner Pnonty Commeflts
Resource Documents
Permits 101
When Required Mo Mamt. Sups_ & Leads, Insp. Design, Brei T2 B -'
Which Required Mo , Mamt Sups. & Leads. Insp. Design, Bioi. T2 B
Interpret Condrtrons'·' . Mo , Marn!. Sups. & Leads. Insp. Design. Bioi. T2 & Agencies B
Condrtrons can not be met? Mgt .. Mamt. Sups. & Leads. lnsp, Desrgn, Bioi T2 & Agencres B
Notrfications Mgt .. Main!. Sups. & Leads. Insp. Desrgn, Brol T2 & Agencies B
Field Changes Mo. Maint Sups. & Leads. Insp. Design, Bioi. T2 & Agencies B
Emergenctes Mgt .. Main!. Sups. & Leads. lnsp, Design, Brol T2 & Agencies B
The Tri-County Manual Mo . Mamt. Sups & Leads. Insp . Design, Brol T2 & Agencies B
Maintenance
Actrvrtres When to QOIS!op Sup. Leads, Crew T2 & Agenctes A
Tasks Requinng Review Sup. Leads. Crew T2 & Agenctes A
Work Authorizations Sup. Leads. Crew T2 & Agencies A
Plans Sup_ Leads. Crew T2 & Agencies A
Records Sup. Leads. Crew T2 & Agencies A
Fteld Char>ges Sup. Leads. Crew T2 & Agenctes A
Roles/Responstbtltttes Sup. Leads. Crew T2 & Agencies A
Who makes what Decisions Sup. Leads. Crew T2 & Agencies A
ESA the Basics Sup. Leads. Crew T2 A Emphasis on the 4 (d) Rule
Spill Control Sup. Leads. Crew T2 & Agenc•es A
When to call tor "Help" Sup, Leads. Crew T2 & Agenctes A
Who to call for "Help" Sup, Leads. Crew T2 & Agencies A
Ftsh 101 (Includes following) Sup. Leads. Crew T2 & Agenctes A
· Ftsh Habttat
-Ftsh Identifications
-Fish Removal & Rejocate
Precons1ructton Coni Sup, Leads. Crew T2 & Agencies A
Project Debneftr>g Sup, Leads, Crew T2 & Agenctes A
The Tri-County Manual Sup, Leads, Crew T2 & Agenctes A
BMPs
Module #1 Purpose I Goals Mamt (Sups. Leads. Crew). Insp. Design, Bioi T2 & Agenct es A
How to Select Ma1nt (Sups, Leads, Crew), Insp. Design, B1o1. T2 & Agenc1 es A
How to Install Ma1nt (Sups, Leads. Crew). Insp. Design, B1ol. T2 & Agenc1 es A
How to Monitor Mamt (Sups, Leads, Crew). Insp. Design. Bioi T2 & Agencies A
Howtwhen to revise Mamt (Sups, Leads, Crew), lnsp, Design, BIOI. T2 & Agenctes A
How-when to remove Main! (Sups, Leads, Crew) 1r1sp, Design. B1ol. T2 & Ager1c1es A
Feed back Maint (Sups, Leads, Crew). 1r1sp. Design. B1ol. T2 & Agenc1es A
Re-evaluate Ma1nt (Sups, Leads, Crew), 1r1sp. Design. B1ol. T2 & Agenc1es A
Fteld ModificatiOns Mamt !Sups, Leads, Crew). Insp. Oes1gn. Bioi. T2 & Agenc1es A
The Tn-County Manual Matnt (Sups, Leads. Crew), Insp. Destgn. B>ol T2 & Agencies A
Module #2 Fteld ApplicatiOn of Selected Mamt !Sups. Leads. Crew), Insp. Design. B•ol T2 & Agencies A
BMPs (Prerequisite
BMP Module #1)
Module #3 Field Appltcat•M of S~ected Mamt (Sups. Leads. Crew). Insp. Des•gn, Btol. T2 & Agencies A
BMPs (PrerequiSite.
BMP Module #1)
A.2
Appendix A: TRAINING COURSES & TOPICS (continued)
Course Topics Covefed Course Materials! Stall to be Tramed Tra1ner Pnority Comments
Resource Documents
M0(1itoring/
Oversight Daily Activities Mgt .. Maint Sups. & Leads, Insp. Oes•gn, Bioi T2 & Agenc•es c .
(The Work long Term Impacts Mgt.. Mamt Sups. & Leads, lnsp, Design. 8101 T2 & Agenc•es c
Activitoes) Roles!Responsibi 1111es M¢ . Maint. Sups. & leads. Insp. Design. Bioi. T2 & Agencies c
Checklists & Records M¢, Maint. Sups. & leads. Insp. Design, 6101. T2 & Agencies c
Field Assessments Mgt.. Mau1t. Sups. & Leads, Insp. Des1gn. Bioi T2 & Agencies c
W. Q_ Measuremer:~ts Mgt., Ma1nt. Sups. & leads, l11sp. Design. Sioj T2 & Agencies c
When Required M¢. Maint. Sups. & Leads. Insp. Design, E!iot. T2 & Agenc1es c
Discharge Point Mgt., Maint. Sups. & Leads. Insp. 0BSIQI1. 8101. T2 & Agencies c
Who does it Mgt, Ma1nt. Sups. & Leads, lnsp, Design, B1o1 T2 & Agencies c
Standards M¢ . Mamt. &Jps. & Leads. Insp. D~gn. B1o1. T2 & Agencies c
Sampling Mgt .. Maint. Sups. & Leads. Insp. Des1gn, Bioi T2 & Agencies c
The Tri·County Manual M¢ • Ma1nt. Sups. & Leads, Imp, Design, B1ot T2 & Agenc1es c
Adapt1~e
Management 0
0
0
ra1n the Tra1ner
0
0
0
Internal Process
(Individual Juris.) 0
0
0
A.3
Appendix A: TRAINING COURSES & TOPICS (continued)
Jurisdiction Name: Regional Training Needs (Total of Jurisdictions Reporting!
Form Completed By: Jerrv Creek
Date Form Completed: 41612000
BIOLOGICAL
ESA 101 DESIGN UNIT #1
If your jurisdiction has a diferent 4Hrs 4-BHrs 4-BHrs
Classification System insert yours AgenCJ Contr. AgencJ Contr. AgenCJ I Contr.
21 _o_ . _s_. 0 5 0
26 0 2 0 2 0 .. . .
; (Incl. A.'/ '.au~lo I . 126 0 121 0 56 0 . . ..
Techs. 66 0 59 0 52 0
61 0 39 0 20 0 ..
10 0 2 0 10 0 .. . .
!_Group 4 0 0 0 0 0 ..
lo, t(Enviro.)_. 2 0 1 0 0 0 ..
k. & Assr:Stants 61 0 5 0 53 0
lo. 15 0 33 0 5 0
[Leads (M:inl ;~ J~iHt':' .. 19 0 0 0 0 0
[Crews (Totalor b!' Class.)_ . 120 0 0 0 0 0 ..
Truck Driver 111 0 0 0 0 0 ..
91 0 0 0 0 0
. Utility_ Worner 205 0 0 0 0 0 .. . .
Maint. Tech/&// 100 0 0 0 0 0 ..
Maint, S~ec. & Tech Ill 100 0 0 0 100 0
. Sign Tech 120 0 0 0 120 0
,.,, , Painters 0 0 0 0 0 0
Elect,_ & P, P . Oper.} 0 0 0 0 0 0 ..
[Other (CIPProj Staff)_ . 25 0 25 0 10 0 ..
In" .fP, nit & r;: 12 0 12 0 10 0
!Other. 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 ..
0 0 0 0 0 0 ..
Total 2021 0 301 0 443 0
A.4
Rf()L(lr.rr•, MAINT.
UNIT#2 PERMITS 101 ACTIVITIES
2-4Hrs 4-8 Hrs 16Hrs
IAgenCJ Contr. AgenC) Contr. AgencJ Contr.
25 o_ . 2,1_ . 0 11 0
1 0 2 0 2 0
56 0 61 0 21 0
23 0 50 0 12 0
30 0 60 0 20 0
6 0 6 0 6 0
0 0 0 0 0 .. o.
2 0 2 0 2 0
3 0 62 0 . 51_ 0 ..
46 0 14 0 14 0
19 0 94 0 122 0
0 0 0 0 193 0
6 0 0 0 256 0
34 0 25 0 124 0
9 0 0 0 182 0
0 0 0 0 45 0
0 0 0 0 24 0
0 0 120 0 160 0
11 0 0 0 11 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 5 0
10 0 2 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 . _o. 0 0 0 0
351 0 585 0 1334 0
Appendix A: TRAINING COURSES & TOPICS (continued)
Jurisdiction Name: Regional Training Needs !Total of Jurisdictions Reporting/
Form Completed By: Jerry Creek
Date Form Completed: 41612000
BMP BMP BMP
MODULE#! MODULE #2 MODULE#3
II your jurisdiction has a diferent 8·16Hrs 8·16Hrs 8·16Hrs
Classification System insert yours IAgencJ I Contr. IAgenC) I Contr. IAgencJ rnnlt
5 0 1 0 7 0
10 0 0 0 0 0
; (l~cl All Le~els! 25 0 18 0 12 0
Techs. 17 0 10 0 10 0
30 0 30 0 30 0
_9 0 8 0 8 0
_ rGr~up_ 0 0 0 0 . 0. 0 ..
ic. ,,;o . 1 (Enviro). 2 0 2 0 2 0 .. . .
. c. & Assistants 52 0 52 0 58 0
c, ,;o 44 0 40 0 64 0
leads (MRin! 11/tihl~l-79 0 79 0 122 0
Crews (Total orbf Class)_ 170 0 170 0 193 0
. Truck Driv_er 121 0 113 0 213 0
nnotRfnt 124 0 81 0 81 0
. Utility W~rker. 182 0 182 0 ' t82 0
Maint. Tech I & II 745 0 745 0 745 0 ..
. M~int_ Spec, & Tec,hl/1 . 124 0 124 0 124 0
_Si~nTech . _160 0 160 0 160 0
nt, Painters 11 0 tt 0 11 0
Elect, & P.P. Oper.) . 0 0 0 0 0 0
()1~er (~IP Proj. Stall). o_ _o 0 0 0 0 ..
()1~er (P~tu1it& . 7 0 7 0 7 0
Other. 0 0 0 0 . 0 ' 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 1917 0 18331 0 2029 0
fMUN/ 11.muvu TRAIN the INTERNAL
OVERSIGHT TRAINER PROCESS
16 Hrs 8·16Hrs
IAnonr• Contr. IAgenCJ I Contr. AgencJ I Contr.
9 0 5 0 4 0
2 0 0 0 0 0
29 0 10 0 12 0
20 0 1 0 0 0
30 0 0 0 3 0
10 0 4 0 8_ 0
0 0 0 0 o _ 0
2 0 2 0 2 0
53 0 12 0 12 0
50 0 23 0 18 0
to 0 29 0 39 0
120 0 4 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
25 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 a_ 0
700 0 0 0 0 0
100 0 0 0 0 0
120 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 _o o.
0 0 0 0 0 0
15 0 0 0 0 0
12 0 0 0 2 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
1307 0 91 0 100 0
A.S
This page intentionally left blank.
' .
A.6
APPENDIX 8:
FISH EXCLUSION PROTOCOL
Prepared by
King County Road Services Division
Road Maintenance Section/Environmental Unit
Department of Transportation
155 Monroe Avenue Northeast
Renton, WA 98056-4199
December 2000
Road Maintenance activities may require work within streams that contain
salmonids. Some of these activities, such as culvert replacements within
salmonid bearing streams, require the site to be temporarily dewatered.
BMPs are used to minimize or reduce deleterious impacts to aquatic resources.
Fish exclusion from the work site prior to dewatering must be done in
accordance with the protocols set forth in this appendix and in accordance
with The Memorandum of Agreement between Washington State Department of
Fish and Wildlife, National Marine Fisheries Service and United States Fish
and Wildlife Service. A copy of this Agreement is included at the end of this
appendix.
The sequence for fish exclusion is as follows:
• Isolate the area (block nets).
• Remove as many fish as possible using seine or dip nets.
• Gradually dewater work area.
• Remove as many remaining fish as possible using dip nets.
• Electroshock, if required by permit, to avoid any stranding. Any permit
specifying electroshocking will be reviewed by NMFS/USFWS in
accordance with the Memorandum of Agreement contained in this
appendix.
• Keep records of fish exclusion activities.
ROAD MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES THAT MAY REQUIRE FISH EXCLUSION ARE:
Open Drainage Systems
Repair, replacement. installation and maintenance tasks performed on open
drainage systems include: facilities, retention/ detention facilities, swales,
pollution control devices, manholes, catch basins, vaults, pipes, culverts, inlets
and outlets, weirs, and fish ladders.
Watercourses and Streams
Repair, replacement, installation and maintenance tasks performed on
B. I
Appendix B: FISH EXCLUSION PROTOCOL (continued)
watercourses or streams may include: structural repair /replacement, slope
stabilization, sediment removal, vegetation management, debris removal, or,
habitat maintenance/improvements .
. ,
Stream Crossings
Repair, maintenance, cleaning, installation or replacement/upgrade of stream
crossing facilities such as pipes, arch pipes, box culverts, fish ladders, weirs,
sediment pools and bridges.
Bridge Maintenance
Bridge maintenance activities include repairing, replacing, maintaining,
components of the bridge, such as; the superstructure, footings, piers,
supports, abutments and ramps.
Emergency Slide/Washout Repair
Slide and washout repair activities include: removal of slide/washout material
from the ROW; back-filling or stabilizing slope, reestablishment of damaged
roadway features, repairing and cleaning drainage system and re-vegetating
and or armoring with rock.
Prior to dewatering the site, aquatic life (vertebrate species) are temporarily
removed and relocated out of the work area. Fish exclusion is done under the
supervision of environmental support staff.
Fish and other wildlife removal from the work area is· allowable under a special
collection permit required by the Washington State Department of Fish and
Wildlife (WDFW). The permit conditions must be followed. A copy of the
permit must be in the possession of any persons authorized to collect wildlife,
food fish, and/or shellfish.
SITE PROCEDURES
In order to reduce any impacts to the affected species that are handled during
this process, several techniques are used. Permit conditions require that fish
and other vertebrates be removed a certain way. The basic steps for fish
exclusion are:
Training
A training program will occur before any inexperienced crew begins any fish
exclusion techniques, including electrofishing, and will occur in waters that do
not contain ESA-listed fish. Training program will be conducted by the
qualified biologist trained by WDFW and USFWS staff.
B.2
Appendix B: FISH EXCLUSION PROTOCOL (continued)
The training program will include the following elements:
l. Fish handling techniques and fish identification.
2. How to mpnitor and install block nets.
3. A demonstration of the proper use of seines and electrofishing equipment,
the role each crew member performs, and basic gear maintenance.
4. An explanation of how electrofishing attracts fish.
5. An explanation of how gear can injure fish and how to recognize signs of
injury.
6. Definitions of basic terminology: e.g. galvanotaxis, and tetany.
7. A review of these guidelines and the manufacturer's recommendations.
8. A field session where new individuals actually perform each role on the
netting and electrofishing crew.
9. Field supervision by ecologist during the first few days of electrofishing.
10. Electrofishing using a back-pack electrofisher will only be used.
Isolate the Area
Install block nets at up and downstream locations to isolate the entire affected
stream reach. This is done to prevent fish and other aquatic wildlife from
moving into the work area. Block net mesh size, length, type of material, and
depth will vary based on site conditions. but will be installed to block fish
movement into the work area. Generally, block net mesh size is the same as
the seine material (9.5 millimeters stretched). These block nets are then left
in place throughout the activity and are checked regularly during work to
make sure they are functioning properly. These nets may be checked by crew
supervisors, leads, and/or crew members following initial oversight by
Environmental staff. The amount of leaves and other debris collected on the
net will determine how often the nets need to be checked. Block net locations
require leaf and debris removal to ensure proper function. An individual must
be designated to monitor and maintain the nets. Block nets are installed
securely along both banks and in channel to prevent failure during
unforeseen rain events or debris accumulation. Some locations may require
additional block net support such as galvanized hardware cloth or additional
stakes or metal fence posts.
Fish Exclusion
Once the stream reach has been isolated, all attempts to remove fish and other
aquatic life are made in a manner that involves the least amount of handling.
Aquatic life is captured by hand or with dip nets and immediately put in dark
colored five gallon buckets filled with clean stream water.
Information Logs
B.3
Appendix B: FISH EXCLUSION PROTOCOL (continued)
Each species and yearclass are recorded in bound field note books. Year class
designations will be used to allow a rapid estimate of length to minimize fish
handling time. Salmonids with fork lengths approximately 60 millirri"eters or
less will be classed as 0+ age fish; and fish over 60 millimeters will be classed
as l + age fish. In addition to the species information, field notes will also
include other information such as date, personnel, time, general site
conditions, weather, stream temperature, conductivity, length of stream reach,
methods used, and any other general comments. Data collected is used for
research purposes and clear/concise documentation is important. Any
injuries or mortalities will be documented and reported if it involves and ESA
listed species.
Fish Release
All collected specimens are to be released unharmed upstream of the isolated
stream reach.
SPECIFIC ELECTROFISHING GUIDELINES
The following guidelines are recommended for all electrofishing sessions.
B.4
1. No electrofishing in anadromous waters from October 15th to March 1st.
No electrofishing in resident waters from November 1st to May 15th. In
order to avoid contact with spawning adults or active redds,
environmental staff must conduct a careful visual survey of the area to
be sampled before beginning electrofishing. Electrofishing will only be
conducted at other times of the year in response to emergency activities.
Electrofishing at other times of the year may require mitigation. Specific
mitigation requirements recommended by the NMFS, USFWS, and
WDFW will be followed.
2. Equipment must be in good working condition and operators should go
through the manufacturer's preseason checks, adhere to all provisions,
and record major maintenance work in a logbook.
3. Measure conductivity and set voltage as follows:
Conductivity (umbos/em)
Less than 100
100-300
Greater than 300
Voltage
900 to 1100
500 to 800
to 400
4. Only Direct Current (DC) or Pulsed Direct Current (PDC) should be
used.
Appendix B: FISH EXCLUSION PROTOCOL (continued)
5. Each session should begin with pulse width and rate set to the
minimum needed to capture fish. These settings should be gradually
increased only to the point where fish are immobilized and captured.
Start with pulse width of 500us and do not exceed 5 milliseconds. Pulse
rate should start at 30 Hz and work carefully upwards. In general,
exceeding 40 Hz will injure more fish.
6. Fish should not come in contact with the anode. The zone of potential
fish injury is 0.5m from the anode. Care should be taken in shallow
waters, undercut banks, near structures such as wood, or where fish can
be concentrated in high numbers because in such areas the fish are
more likely to come into close contact with the anode.
7. Electrofishing should be performed in a manner that minimizes harm to
fish. The stream segment should be worked systematically, moving the
anode continuously in a herringbone pattern through the water. Do not
electrofish one area for an extended period of time. Remove fish from
the electrical field immediately; do not hold fish in net while continuing
to net additional fish.
8. Crew members should carefully observe the condition of the excluded
fish. Dark bands on the body and longer recovery times are signs of
injury or handling stress. When such signs are noted, the settings for
the electrofishing unit may need adjusting. Each fish should be
completely revived before releasing upstream of the block nets. ESA
specimens will be released as soon as possible upstream of the block
nets in an area that provides refuge.
9. Fish should be handled properly. A healthy environment for the
stressed fish must be provided, with no overcrowding in the buckets, and
the holding time minimized. Large fish should be kept separated from
smaller prey-sized fish to avoid predation during containment. Water to
water transfers, the use of shaded, dark containers and supplemental
oxygen shall be considered in designing fish handling operations.
FISH EXCLUSION BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
General techniques for fish exclusion out of the work area in order of
preference by federal, state. and local agencies are:
l. Net drags or seining through the isolated stream reach. Depending on
the site, various lengths of 9.5 mm stretched nylon mesh minnow seines
are used throughout the isolated stream reach. Seining follows modified
protocol of Parametrix (1980) and Muckleshoot Fisheries Department
and is summarized as follows. The seine is approximately three feet wide
B.S
Appendix B: FISH EXCLUSION PROTOCOL (continued)
and of various lengths with approximately fifteen feet of rope attached to
either end. Sets are conducted with one person on shore and one to two
people working the other end of the net through the isolated :gtream
reach area. Once the net is out and the lead line dropped to the bottom,
the othet end of the 15 foot line is brought to shore and both ends of the
net are pulled in quickly in tandem.
2. Collecting aquatic life by hand or with dip nets as the site is slowly
dewatered.
3. Electrofishing in stream channels where other means of fish exclusion
are not feasible as determined by the qualified biologist.
4. Trapping using minnow traps. Traps will be left in place between each
pass as an additional non-lethal BMP.
When removing fish out of the isolated stream reach, all attempts to remove
fish out of the existing stream crossing structure shall be made. Connecting
rod snakes may be used to help get the fish to move out of the structure. The
connecting rod snake is inserted and wiggled through the pipe or other
structure to get the fish to move out so they can be captured and removed out
of the stream reach. The connecting rod snake is made of wood sections with
metal couplers with sections approximately three feet in length. As the snake
is wiggled slowly through the pipe, noise and turbulence will help to get the
fish to move out without harming them.
Trash pumps, which are used to temporarily bypass water around work sites.
should be fitted with smaller mesh screens to prevent aquatic life from entering
the trash pump hose. The screens shall be installed as a precautionary
measure to prevent any fish and other wildlife which may have been missed in
the fish exclusion process. The screens will also prevent fish and other wildlife
from entering the trash pump if a block net should fail. Screens will be placed
approximately 2-4 feet from the inlet of the trash pump hose to avoid the
suction of the trash pump.
If the isolated stream reach is large and many fish are expected to be caught,
many buckets should be available with clean stream water to hold the fish
until counting and measuring can be done. Frequent monitoring of bucket
temperature and well being of the specimens will be done to assure that all
specimens will be released un-harmed. Perforated buckets may also be used
and placed upstream of the block nets until the fish are counted.
Captured aquatic life will be released upstream of the isolated stream reach
[following species identification and length estimates) in a pool or area which
provides some cover and flow refuge.
Follow mitigation requirements which may be recommended by the USFWS,
NMFS, and WDFW.
B.6
APPENDIX C:
BMP/OUTCOME CATEGORIES MATRIX
OUTCOME CATEGORY
::! ffl ffi 0:: .
0 <:> t-"' "' 0:: ~ ., !!; !( "" ~ ~
0:: ~ :;;; 0 "' ~ ~ ~ 0::
0:: ~ ~ ffi ~ ~
~ <:> :;;; ~ "" ~ ~ ~ ~ ,_ ~ ~ 0 .... ~ §E g: (3 ~
0 i5 "' ~ 0:: ;;:: ~ ~ ~ "' j:: ::ii <:> ... ffi ~ ;:: ~ ....
ffi :,! ... "' 0 "' ./ 0 ~ ~ ~ g: 8 Recommended BMP Application '"' "' ~ = ~ g ~ ... ~ .... ...
0:: ~ ;:: ;:: ~ Q. ~ t: ttl fil fil 2 iii fil BMP PAGE "' 0:: ii! ~ 0:: ~ 0::
AQUA BARRIER 2.27 ./
BACKSLOPE PLANTING 2.30 ./ ./
COFFERDAM 2.32 ./
COIRFABRIC 2.35 ./ ./
COIRLOG 2.37 ./ ./ ./ ./
CONCRETE CONTAINMENT (1) 2.40 ./
CONCRETE CONTAINMENT (2) 2.43 ./
CONSTRUCTION ACCESS ROAD 2.45 ./
CONTINUOUS BERM 2.48 ./ ./ ./
CURB INLET SEDIMENT TRAP 2.51 ./ ./
DEWATERING 2.57 ./
DIAPER NETTING 2.59 ./
DITCH LINING 2.61 ./ ./
DIVERSION BERM 2.63 ./
DIVERSION CHANNEL 2.65 ./
OUST CONTROL 2.68 ./
EXCELSIOR FILLED LOG 2.70 ./ ./ ./ ./
FILTER FABRIC 2.72 ./ ./ ./
GRASS LINED CHANNEL 2.74 ./ ./
GRAVEL FILLED SUMP 2.78 ./
HALF ROUND FILTER 2.79 ./
HAND SEEDING 2.81 ./ ./ ./
HYOROSEEOING 2.83 ./ ./ ./
INLET PROTECTION 2.85 ./
KIMBLE FILTER PIPE 2.92 ./
LARGE WOODY DEBRIS 2.94 ./ ./
LIVE STAKING 2.99 ./ ./ ./
MULCHING 2.703 ./ ./
PLASTIC COVERING 2.705 ./ ./
C. I
(
Appendix C: BMP/OUTCOME CATEGORIES MATRIX (continued)
OUTCOME CATEGORY
~ l3 -"' "' 1!:!
., g ~ ~ !!; I? ~ f2 "< ~ l5 ;;:; g U; ~ ~ Ul ffi 0
"' "' ffi ~ ....
~ (.) ;;:; .... "< ~ ' ;:: I ,_ ~ ~ [ .... !!? g ' ~ <:
~ 0 "' ill ~ ~ ~ "" >::: !iii (.) IE UJ ffi ~ "' l!! .... ~
ffi ~ .. <: 0 8 ../ = Recommended BMP Application .. ~ ~ ~ !!;l g:
~ ~ ' g ~ .... g a. :::. ffi E: ~ ~ r-ttl fil .. fil 8 ii; fil BMP PAGE "" "' ~ ~ "' ~ "' PLYWOOD WORK PLATFORM 2.107 ~
RIP RAP 2.109 ,/
ROCK CHECK DAM 2.111 ~ ,/
SANDBAG 2.115 ,/ ~ ,/
SEDIMENTATION SUMP 2.119 ~
SILT FENCE 2.120 ~ ~ ~
SILT MAT 2.123 ,/ ~ ~
SILTATION POND/TANK 2.125 ~
SOIL STABILIZATION (Blankets/Matting) 2.128 ~
STRAW BALE BARRIER (I) 2.133 ~ ,/ ,/
STRAW BALE BARRIER (2) 2.136 ~ ,/ ,/
STRAW BALE BARRIER (3) 2.141 ,/ ~ ~
STRAW LOG 2.144 ~ ~ ,/
STREAM BANK BIO-ENGINEERING 2.147 ~
STREAM BED GRAVEL 2.152 ,/
STREAM BYPASS 2.148 ,/
SURFACE ROUGHENING 2.154 ,/ ,/
SWEEPING 2.158 ~
TEMPORARY SEDIMENT TRAP 2.161 ,/
TRIANGULAR SILT DIKE 2.164 ~ ~
TURBIDITY CURTAIN 2.168 ~ ,/
VACTORING 2.172 ,/ ~
VEGETATIVE BUFFER 2.174 ~ ,/
WASHED ROCK 2.176 ~
I
C.2
APPENDIX D:
ORIGINAL SCOPE OF WORK
.,
D.l
This page intentionally left blank.
{
0.2
October 14, 1999
Mr. Gary Kriedt
Program Manager ., .
King County Department of Transportation
MIS KSC-TR-0431
20 I South Jackson
Seattle, W A 98104-1598
Transmitted via E-mail and U.S. Mail
Subject: Work Order #24 Addendum A, KC Contract No. E73084E
W-C Project No. 974050NS
Dear Gary:
Based on our discussions with you, we have prepared this specific scope of work as an
addendum to Work Order #24, the Roads Department ESA Support project. This scope of
work describes the activities that we will conduct to review the Roads BMP manual and
recommend a course of action for compliance with the ESA goals.
Please let me know if you have any questions or comments regarding this scope of work or
the costs.
Sincerely,
Kathleen S. Goodman, R.G.
Program Manager
cc: Jerry Creek, King County
Attachment
l:\projecb\97\Wo24AddAv3.doc
D.3
ENVIRONMENTAL ON-CALL CONTRACT
KING COUNTY CONTRACT E73084E
Work Order No. 24 Addendum A
URS Greiner Woodward Clvde Project No. 974050NS
The scope of work described herein will be conducted as Work Order #24, Addendum A
pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in the Agreement for Professional Service~
between King County and Woodward-Clyde (Contract E73084E) on January 15, 1998.
'
Scope of Work:
Based on discussions with Jerry Creek of King County. we have developed a draft scope of
work to address issues raised by the Tri-County Biological Review Committee regarding the
King County Roads Department's BMP manual.
The potential effectiveness of routine road maintenance Best Management Practices (BMPs)
have not been studied extensively. Rather, BMPs have been developed based primarily on
professional judgment. Effectiveness probably varies considerably by application depending
on a host of site-specific factors such as soils. flow conditions, plant cover, slope, and
weather, as well as BMP selection, installation, and maintenance.
Given the paucity of scientific data and the variability of BMP performance, we recommend a
practical approach to evaluating the King County Road Maintenance Manual. Consequently,
this project will consist of two elements: a literature review and a review of road maintenance
BMP manuals recently developed by the states of California and Oregon.
The first element, the literature review, will identify and compile the best reasonably
available scientific information on BMP effectiveness. As part of the literature review, a
fisheries biologist will participate in a scientific assessment of the King County Roads BMP
manual's potential to impact fisheries resources. Included in the fisheries biologist's review
will be an assessment of King County routine maintenance BMPs with respect to the goals of
the Endangered Species Act. To control costs to a reasonable level, the literature review
related to BMP effectiveness at limiting erosion and sedimentation will be limited to 80
hours, of which 40 will be for the fisheries biologist.
The second element will be a review of other road maintenance BMP manuals. The goals of
this element will be to assess whether the Roads manual meets or exceeds current standards
of practice as found in other manuals, and to identify possible areas of improvement to the
Roads BMP Manual based on scientific review. To this end, we will review King County's
BMP manual and the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) and the California
Department of Transportation (Cal trans) manuals, and appropriate information found in the
literature review. Where appropriate, we will make suggestions for modifications to the King
County manual. We want to ensure that it will still be useable for contractors and
!:\pro jecb \97\ W o24 Add A v 3 .doc
D.4
construction personnel.
The following tasks will be conducted as part of this scope of work:
Task I: Perform a brief review of literature relevant to the effectiveness of the routine
BMPs found in the King County Roads BMP manual. We will contact those parties
responsible for the development of the ODOT and Cal trans manuals to identify the results of
any literature review performed by those agencies on BMP effectiveness. We will also
review existing information on the effectiveness of the erosion and sediment control BMJ's
included in the King County manual. Up to one week (40 hours) will be devoted to the
literature review. Based on recent conversations with staff involved in development of the
Cal trans manual, we understand that there is little information available regarding routine
road maintenance BMP performance. The literature review will also include a review by a
fisheries biologist to relate the potential effectiveness of BMPs and King County's BMP
manual at controlling erosion to the BMPs' contributions to preserving salmon habitat and to
meeting ESA goals.
Task 2: Compare the ODOT and Caltrans BMP manuals to the King County manual.
The goals of this task are to (I) evaluate whether the King County Roads BMPs generally
meet or exceed the road maintenance BMPs used by other agencies, and (2) identify elements
of these manuals that might be profitably adopted by King County. For example, we may
find that the BMP selection criteria in the Roads manual need to be clarified. The other
manuals may supply examples of the "state of the practice" in BMP selection. They may also
provide examples of "adaptive management" strategies, which might be recommended to
ensure that BMPs are properly implemented and effective. and to make improvements where
needed.
Task 3: Attend up to three meetings with the Roads Department to discuss potential
modifications to the manual and recommendations. Based on the reviews and the meeting(s)
with Roads. attend one meeting with the Tri-County Committee to discuss the approach and
solicit feedback, and to help educate the committee regarding the purpose and audience/users
of the manual. An additional meeting would be held with NMFS and USF&W to discuss
additional programmatic modifications.
Task 4: Prepare a report that summarizes the activities and provides recommendations
for modifications to the manual, training goals for personnel, guidance on inspections of
constructions activities. and providing information back to the Tri-County Review
Committee and the agencies. King County Roads will identify all of the BMPs pertaining to
designed projects and move them to an appendix of the manual. The report
recommendations will therefore not address these BMPs, as they would be project-specific
and subject to review by local. state, and/or federal permitting agencies.
1:\projects\97\ W o2 4 Add A v 3 .doc
D.5
Schedule:
Work Order #24, Addendum A is anticipated to begin during the week of October II , 1999.
Task #I and Task #2 will be completed concurrently within 8 weeks of notice to proceed.
Meetings can be conducted anytime after completion of Tasks I and 2. A draft report with
recommendations will be delivered to Jerry Creek of King County by January I, 2000. A
final report will be delivered within three weeks following receipt of comments from King
County.
Cost Estimate:
Work Order#24 is 7stimated to cost $31,108, based on the attached spreadsheet and the
approved rates under this contract.
This Work Order #24 Addendum A is agreed to by the following:
King County (Signature) Date URSGWC (Signature) Date
l:\projech\97\Wo24AddAv3.doc
' (
APPENDIX D:
PROPOSED REVISED SCOPE OF WORK
D.7
This page intentionally left blank.
D.8
ENVIRONMENTAL ON-CALL CONTRACT
KING COUNTY CONTRACT E73084E
Work Order No. xxx Addendum XX
URS Greiner Woodward Clyde Project No. 974050NS
The scope of work described herein will be conducted as Work Order #xxx. Addendum XX
pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in the Agreement for Professional Services
between King Cou11,ty and Woodward-Clyde (Contract E73084E) on January 15, 1998.'
Scope of Work:
Based on discussions with Jerry Creek of King County, this Scope Of Work will address
issues raised regarding the DRAFT REGIONAL ROAD MAINTENANCE ESA
PROGRAM GUIDELINES (Regional Guidelines). The Regional Guidelines are divided into
two Parts: Regional Program and Best Management Practices (BMPs).
The potential effectiveness of routine road maintenance BMPs have not been studied
extensively. Rather, BMPs have been developed based primarily on professional judgment.
Effectiveness probably varies considerably by application depending on a host of site-specific
factors such as soils, flow conditions, plant cover, slope, and weather, as well as BMP
selection, installation, and maintenance.
Given the paucity of scientific data and the variability of BMP performance, we will provide
a practical approach to evaluating the Regional Guidelines. Consequently, this project will
consist of three elements: a literature review; a review of road maintenance BMP manuals
recently developed by the states of California and Oregon; and a biological review of the
Regional Guidelines.
The first element, the literature review, will identify and compile the best reasonably
available scientific information on BMP effectiveness. To control costs to a reasonable level,
the literature review related to BMP effectiveness at limiting erosion and sedimentation will
be limited to 80 hours.
The second element will be a review of other road maintenance BMP manuals. The goals of
this element will be to assess whether the Regional Guidelines meet or exceed current
standards of practice as found in other manuals, and to identify possible areas of
improvement to the Regional Guidelines based on scientific review. To this end, we will
review the Regional Guidelines and the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) and
the California Department of Transportation (Cal trans) manuals, and appropriate information
found in the literature review. Where appropriate, we will make suggestions for
modifications to the Regional Guidelines. We want to ensure the Regional Guidelines will
be useable for road maintenance personnel as well as contractors and construction personnel.
In addition we will review the comments and issues the Regional Forum has received
I :\pro jech \97\ W o24 Add A v 3. doc
regarding the Draft Regional Guidelines.
The third element will be a scientific assessment a fisheries biologist will participate in a
scientific assessment of the King County Roads BMP manual's potential to impact fisheries
resources. Included in the fisheries biologist's review will be an assessment of King County
routine maintenance BMPs with respect to the goals of the Endangered Species Act.
The following tasks will be conducted as part of this scope of work:
Task I: Perform a brief review of literature relevant to the effectiveness of the routine
BMPs found in the Regional Guidelines. We will contact those parties responsible for the
development of the ODOT and Cal trans manuals to identify the results of any literature
review performed by those agencies on BMP effectiveness. We will also review existing
information on the effectiveness of the erosion and sediment control BMPs included in the
Regional Guidelines. Up to one week (40 hours) will be devoted to the literature review.
Based on recent conversations with staff involved in development of the Cal trans manual, we
understand that there is little information available regarding routine road maintenance BMP
performance. The literature review will also include a review by a fisheries biologist to relate
the potential effectiveness of BMPs and the Regional Guidelines at controlling erosion to the
BMPs' contributions to preserving salmon habitat and to meeting ESA goals.
Task 2: Compare the ODOT and Cal trans BMP manuals to the Regional Guidelines.
The goals of this task are to (I) evaluate whether the Regional Guidelines generally meet or
exceed the road maintenance BMPs used by other agencies, and (2) identify elements of these
manuals that might be profitably adopted by the Regional Guidelines. For example, we may
find that the BMP selection criteria in the Regional Guidelines need to be clarified. The
other manuals may supply examples of the "state of the practice" in BMP selection. They
may also provide examples of "adaptive management" strategies, which might be
recommended to ensure that BMPs are properly implemented and effective, and to make
improvements where needed.
Task 3: Attend up to three meetings with the Regional Forum to discuss potential
modifications to the Regional Guidelines and recommendations. Based on the reviews and
the meeting(s) with the Regional Forum, attend one meeting with the Tri-County Negotiating
Team to discuss the approach and solicit feedback, and to help educate the team regarding the
purpose and audience/users of the guidelines. An additional meeting would be held with
NMFS and USF&W to discuss additional programmatic modifications.
Task 4: Prepare a report that summarizes the activities and provides recommendations
for modifications to the guidelines, training goals for personnel, guidance on inspections of
constructions activities, and providing information back to the Regional Forum and the
agencies. The Regional Forum will identify all of the BMPs pertaining to designed projects
and clearly identify them. The report recommendations will therefore not address these
BMPs, as they would be project-specific and subject to review by local, state, and/or federal
permitting agencies.
l:\projech\l:l7\Wo24AddAv3.doc
Schedule:
Schedule to be determined.
Cost Estimate:
Work Order #XXX is estimated to cost $XXX, based on the attached spreadsheet and the
approved rates under this contract.
This Work Order #XX Addendum XX is agreed to by the following:
.,
King County (Signature) Date URSGWC (Signature) Date
1:\projecb \91\ W o24AddA v 3 .doc
This page intentionally left blank.
Agency Name
Auburn Bowen, Steve
Martin, M1ke ,.
Bellevue Braun, AI
Vidmar, Denny
Clallam County Kreske, Diori
Hauff, Steve
Dept of Ecology Randal, Lore 'e
Evereff Crum, Gerry
Hallsson, Don
Harris, Roy
Theiford, Tom
Kent Chu. Eddy
King County Bahor, Pat
Brown, Kathy
Creek, Jerry
Durand, Chad
Fritz, Rob
Haulman, C R
Jacobovitch, Jake
Johanson. Janine
Kosai-Eng, JoAnn
Krank, Ken
Maddock, John
Matsuno, Rod
Murata-Smith, Kathi
Wilson, Steve
ESA ROAD MAINTENANCE
TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP
Title Phone Fax
Street Supervisor 253-735-2145
Surface Water & Sewer Manager 253-937-3059
Operations Manager 425-452-2911 425-452-5239
Assistant Director of 0 & M 425-452-7840 425-452-5239
Environmental Engineer 360-4 7 7-2263
County Road Engineer 360-417-2306 360-417-2513
360-407-6068
Maintenance & Operations 425-257-8827 425-257-8882 Supervisor
Maintenance & Operations 425-257-8853 425-257-8882 Supervisor
Maintenance & Operah'ons 425-257-8893 425-257-8882 Supervisor
Maintenance Superintendent 425-257-8824 425-257-8882
Public Works Operations Manager 253-856-5856 253856-6600
Senior Engineer 206-296-8215 206-296-8198
Assistant Operaoons Manager 206-296-8138 206-296-8198
or 206-205-5054
Supervising Engineer 206-296-8195 206-296-8198
Senior Engineer 206-296-8226 206-296-8198
Senior Ecologist 206205-7107 206-296-8198
Division Maintenance 206-296-8137 206-296-8198 Superintendent
Environmental Supervisor 206-205-7117 206-296-8198
206-205-7101 206-296-8198
Senior Engineer 206-296-8225 206-296-8198
Senior Engineer 206-296-8172
206-559-1908 206-296-8198
Maintenance Operations Manager 206-296-8140 206-296-5054
Program Analyst 206-296-8142 206-296-819
or 206-205-5054
Special Operaoons 206-296-8144 206-296-8198 Superintendent
E-mail
sbowen@ci.aubum wa.us
'
mmartin@ci. auburn. wa. us
abraun@ci. belle vue. wa. us
dvidmar@ci.bellevue.wa.us
dkreske@co.clallam.wa.us
shauff@co.ciallam. wa.us
lora461@ECYwa.gov
gcrum@ci.everett.wa.us
dhallsson@ci. e vereft wa.us
rharris@ci. everett. wa. us
Uhefford@ci.evereft wa.us
echu@ci.kent. wa.us
pat.bahon@metrokc.gov
kathy.brown@metrokc.gov
jerry.creek@metrokc.gov
chad.durand@metrokc.gov
rob. fritz@metrokc.go v
ahaulman@metrokc.gov
jake.jacoboviich@metrokc.gov
janine.johanson@metrokc.gov
joann. kos ai@me trokc. go v
ken.krank@metrokc.gov
rod.matsuno@metrokc.gov
kathi.murata-smith@metrokc.gov
steve. wilson@metrokc.gov
E. I
Appendix E: ESA REGIONAL ROAD MAJNTENANCE TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP (continued)
Agency Name Title Phone Fax E-mail
Mason County Geiger, Richard Maint Eng Manager (ext. 531) 360-421-9610 ifg@co.masan. w .. us
Blake, Rick , Main! Eng Manager (ext. 384) 360-427-9610
Hauth, Jerry Public Works Director (ext. 450) 360-421-9670 jwh@co.mason. wa.us
Pierce County Cuffer, John 253-198-3481 jcutter@co.pierce.wa.us
Fanntello, Tony Water Programs Maintenance 253-798-2125 253-198-1109 afantel@co.pierce. wa. us Manager
Gerber, Stan GIS Programmer/Analyst 253-198-7496 253-198-6622 sgerber@co.pierce.wa.us
Hansen, Steve Operaffon Superintendent 253-798-6051 shansen@co.pierce.wa.us
Kinne, Will Road Operanons Manager 253-798-2953 253-798-2950 wkinne@co.pierce. wa. us
Schnaderbeck, John Vegetation!ESA Program 253-198-6295 253198-2950 jschnad@co.pierce.wa.us Supervisor
Renton Crumley, Jack Maintenance Director 425-235-2646 425-277-2416 jcrumley@ci. renton. wa. us
Seaffle Baldwin, Knstine Assistant Traffic Eng1neer 206-684-7631 knsune.baldw1n@ciseattle.wa.us
Cox, Charl1e Operaoons Manager: SPU 206-684-4203 charlie.cox@ci.seaffle. wa. us
Eflrig, Bob Asphalt Pav1ng Section 206-386-1221 206-253-5011 bob.eflrig@ci.seaffle. wa. us Supervisor
Gatchalian, Don Street Maintenance Director 206-684-5319 206-233-5011 donald.gatchalian@ci.seaffle. wa.us
Pacheco, Joe Transpontanon Manager 206-386-1001 206-470-6901 joe.pacheco@ci.seaffle. wa. us
Rankin, Liz Mgr Community Relaoons!Public 206-684-8560 206-233-3881 liz.rankin@ci. seattle. wa.us lnlormaoon
Rhay, Trish Supervisot, Civil Engineec, SPU 206-684-0968 206-684-0963 trish.rhay@ci.seaffle.wa.us
Smith, Herman F1eld Ops Manager, Drainage and 206-386-1008 206-386-9011 hennan.smith@ci.seatt!e,wa.us Wastewater
Turner, Mary E. Public Relations Supervisor 206-684-8548 marybeth. turner@ci. seattle. wa. us
DeWald, Shane 206-684-5041 shan e. dewald@ci.seaffle. wa.us
Thomas, Roxanne Street Maintenance 206-386-1006 206-684-4948 roxanne.thomas@ci.seattfe.wa.us
Snohomish Praff, Steve steve.praff@co.snohomish.wa.us
County Scalf, Roy Senior Opera&ons Coordinator 360-862-7508 360-862-7538 roy.scalt@co.snohomish. wa.us
Tacoma Hanson, Hardy Assistant Manager, Streets & 253-591-5261 253-591-5302 hhanson@ci. tacoma. wa. us Facilities
Monneff, Leo Grounds Maintenance Supervisor lmonnett@ci.facoma.wa.us
Slagle, Tom tslagle@ci. tacoma. wa.us
E.2
Appendix E: ESA REGIONAL ROAD MAINTENANCE TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP (continued)
Agency Name Title Phone Fax E-mail
Thurston Kinney, Jeanne Environmental Coordinator 360-754-4580 kinneyj@ro.thiJIS/on. wa. us
County
Olson, Les)er Director of Transportation 360-786-5492 360-786-5582 olsonl@co. thurston. wa.us
Weston, Dick Manager, Dept. of Roads & 360-754-4279 360-754-4684 weston@co. thurston. wa.us
. Transporlaoon Svcs
II-SOOT Baraga, Rico Maintenance Policy Manager 360-705-7864 360-705-6823 barogar@wsdot.wa.gov
Ellis, Mike Maintenance Planner 360-705-7858 ellismi@wsdot wa.gov
King, AI OSC Highways & Local Programs, 360-705-7375 kinga@wsdotwa.gov Operanons Engineer
Gray, Laurel Training Coordinator 360-705-7386 grayl@wsdot.gov
Stephens, Sandra Water Quality Policy Manager 360-705-7853 360-705-6823 stephes@wsdot wa.gov
Sunde, Dan T2, Director 360-705-7390 sunded@wsdot.wa.gov
E.3
, .
E.4
INDEX
4(d) rule ix-xi. 1.4, 1.7, 1.9-1.10, 1.39, 1.74, 1.77,
1.82, 3.1, 3.3-3.4, 3.6, 3.10, 3.15
adaptive management 1.4-1.5, 1.8, 1.11, 1.13, 1.20,
1.73, 1.82-1.83, 2.6, 2?13, 3.1
aqua barrier 2.17, 2.27-2.29, 2.32, 2.148
backslope planting 2.18, 2.21, 2.30-2.31, 2.99
bi-annual report 1.5, 1.13, 1.87
bio-engineering 2.21, 2.147
biological data collection 1.5, 1.13,1.86
butler 1.37, 1.41, 1.48, 2.18, 2.21, 2.40, 2.43, 2.174,
3.1
case studies 1.4, 1.8-1.9, 1.12, 1.80-1.81, 1.83, 3.2
closed drainage system xii-xiii, 1.17, 1.24, 1.27-1.28.
1.30-1.34, 2.10. 2.85, 2.172, 3.3
cofferdam 2.17, 2.32-2.34, 2.40, 2.115, 2.148
coir fabric 2.21, 2.23. 2.35-2.36, 2.96
coir log 2.19-2.21. 2.23, 2.37-2.39 2.70, 2.99. 2.144,
2.146
compliance monitoring 1.4, 1.9, 1.12, 1.78, 1.82
concrete containment (I) 2.22, 2.40-2.42
concrete containment (2) 2.22, 2.43-2.44
conservation outcome ix, 1.4, 1.11, 1.15-1.18. 1.26,
1.30, 1.33. 1.38, 1.42, 1,46, 1.50, 1.52, 1.56, 1.59,
1.61, 1.64. 1.67, 1.71, 2.6-2.7, 2.10-2.11, 3.2
construction access road 2.18, 2.45-2.47
continuous berm 2.19-2.21, 2.48-2.50, 2.70, 2.144
curb inlet sediment trap 2.19-2.20, 2.51-2.55
development 1.73, 3.3-3.4, 3.10
dewatering 1.41, 1.45, 1.61, 1.69, 2.17, 2.32, 2.40,
2.57-2.58, 2.78, 2.95, 2.172, B.l-B.2, B-6
diaper netting 2.24, 2.59-2.60
ditch lining 2.18, 2.21, 2.61-2.62, 2.119
diversion benn 2.17, 2.63-2.64
diversion channel 2.17, 2.65-2.67
dust control !.24, 2.18, 2.68-2.69
emergency response 1.5, 1.13, 1.60, 1.84-1.85, 2.158
enclosed drainage system xii-xiii, 1.17, 1.24, 1.28,
1.30-1.34, 2.10, 2.85, 2.172, 3.3
ESA vii, ix-xi, 1.4-1.7, 1.9-1.3, 1.73-1.75, 1.77, 1.86-
1.87, 2.17. 3.1, 3.4, 3.6-3.7, 3.10, 3.12-3.13, 3.15,
B.3
excelsior tilled log 2.19-2.21, 2.23, 2.70-2.71, 2.99,
2.144
fascine 2.70, 2.99, 2.144, 3.6
filter fabric 2.18-2.20. 2.43, 2.51-2.52, 2.72, 2.78-
2.79, 2.92, 2.109-2.111 -
fish exclusion 1.41, 1.45, 1.61, 2.27, 2.32, 2~57,
2.115, 2.148, 3.6, B.l-B.6
fish passage 1.44, 1.46, 1.54, 1.56, 2.148-2.149
funding I. 10
geo-textile 2.35, 2.51-2.52, 2.61
grass lined channel 2.18-2.19, 2.74-2.77
gravel filled sump 2.19, 2.78
habitat inventory 1.5
half round filter 2.19, 2.79
hand seeding 2.18, 2.21, 2.23, 2.36, 2.81-2.82
hazardous material 1.84
hydroseeding 2.18, 2.21. 2.23, 2.36, 2.68, 2.71, 2.83-
2.84, 2.116, 2.128, 2.145-2.146,2.174
implementation strategy 1.15
in-water work windows 1.78
infiltration 1.26, 1.36-1.37, 1.40-1.41, 1.4 7-1.48,
1.50, 1.62, 1.67, 1.71, 2.9, 2.61, 2.109, 2.154, 3.1,
3.3, 3.7, 3.12
inlet protection 2.19, 2.37, 2.85-2.91
Kimble filter pipe 2.19, 2.92
large woody debris (LWD) 1.39, 2.21, 2.23, 2.94-
2.99, 3.15
live staking 2.18, 2.21, 2.23, 2.36, 2.71, 2.99-2.101,
2.145-2.146, 2.174
macro-invertebrates 2.23, 2.74, 2.99, 2.147, 2.174
Managers Committee l.ll, 1.13, 1.73-1.74
mulching 2.18, 2.21, 2.81, 2.83. 2.95-2.96, 2.103-
2.105
non-cohesive soil 2.61
open drainage system 1.17, 1.35-1.38. 2.10, 2.92,
2.168, 2.172
outcome based 1.15-1.17, 1.85, 2.5, 2.10
plastic covering 2.17-2.18, 2.63, 2.66, 2.68, 2.81,
2.83, 2.105, 2.107
plug and play 3.10
plywood work platform 2.24, 2.107-2.108
point discharge 1.50
4.1
INDEX (continued)
polypropylene 2.115
pre-construction/maint. mtg 2.15
prey base organisms 2.23. 2.74. 2.99. 2.147. 2.174
program review and approval 1.4. 1.10-1.14. 2.7
rearing areas 2.23
redevelopment 3.10
., .
regional forum 1.4, 1.7-1.9. 1.11
Regional Road Maintenance Managers' Committee
1.4. 1.7. 1.20, 2.13, E.l-E.2
right-of-way ix. xii, 1.28, 1.32, 1.35, 1.39, 1.47-1.48,
1.62, 1.65-1.86, 3.11
rip rap 2.21, 2. 70, 2.109-2.111, 2.144
riparian habitat 1.41, 1.44-1.46, 1.54-1.55, 1.62
Road Maintenance Technical Working Group 1.15,
1.18, 1.80, 2.11. E.l-E.2
road surface xii-xiii, 1.24, 1.27, 1.48. 1.51, 1.58,
1.69. 1.81, 1.86. 2.52. 2.165
see also roadway swface
roadway surface 1.17. 1.24. 1.26-1.27. 1.51. 1.58-
1.59. 2.10
see also road sw:face
rock check dam 2.111-2.113.2.20-2.21
sandbag 2.17. 2.20-2.21. 2.33. 2.51. 2.105. 2.115-
2.119
scientific research 1.4. 1.12, 1.80, 1.83
Section 7 1.74. 3.1. 3.4
sedimentation sump 2.20. 2.119
services xi. 1.9-1.10. 1.65. 1.69. 1.83. 2.6, 3.11-3.12
silt fence 2.19-2.21. 2.70. 2.96. 2.120-2.122.2.144
silt mat 2.19-2.21. 2.116. 2.123-2.125
silt sock 2.52. 2.85
siltation pond/tank v. 2.4. 2.20. 2.125-2.127
soil stabilization (blankets and matting) 2.128-2.132
spawning 1.47. 1.55. 2.23. 2.146. 3.12
straw bale barrier(!) 2.19-2.21. 2.133-2.135
straw bale barrier (2) 2.19-2.21. 2.136-2.140
straw bale barrier (3) 2.19-2.21. 2.141-2.143
straw log 2.19-2.21. 2.70. 2.144-2.146
stream bank bio-engineering 2.21
stream bypass 2.17, 2.32. 2.96, 2.148-2.151
stream crossings 1.44-1.47, B.2
stream system xiii. 1.27. 1.39-1.43. 1.53. 1.58-1.59
streambed gravel 2.23, 2.96. 2.115. 2.146, 2.152-
2.153
surface roughening 2.18. 2.21. 2.68, 2.83, 2.154-
2.157
4.2
sweeping xii, 1.25, 1.29. 1.37, 1.42. 1.45. 1.49, 1.51-
1.52, 1.55. 1.61, 1.64. 1.66. 1.70, 2.18. 2.158-2.159
T2 1.4. 1.73. 1.75. 3.16
tackifier 2.83
take 3.1. 3.4, 3.13
Technology Transfer 1.4. 1.73
see also T2
temporary sediment trap 2.20, 2.161-2.163
threatened viii
trammg 1.4-1.5, 1.8-1.9, 1.12-1.13, 1.16-1.17, 1.73-
1.75, 1.77-1.79, 1.87, 2.6-2.8, 2.10, 2.13, A.l-A.5,
B.3
Tri-County i, 1.8
triangular silt dike 2.20-2.21. 2.164-2.167
turbidity curtain 2.20-2.21, 2.40, 2.96, 2.127, 2.168-
2.171
utilities xiii, 3.6-3.7, 3.10
see also wiliry
utility ix. xii, 1.15, 1.84, 2.5, 2.43, 3.1-3.2
see also utilities
vactoring 2.17, 2.22, 2.172-2.173
vegetative buffer 1.37, 1.41, 1.48, 2.18, 2.21, 2.174-
2.175
washed rock 2.19, 2.78-2.79, 2.92, 2.119, 2.176-
2.177
Waters of the State 1.36. 1.39, 1.41. 1.44, 3.13-3.14
Waters of the United States 3.14
wattle 2.70, 2.99, 2.144, 3.6
WSDOT H&LPOSC 1.73
WSDOT Technology Transfer 1.4. 1.73
see also T2
EXHIBIT "B"
May 30,2001
CITY OF KENT
BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FRAMEWORK
For
MAINTENANCE and REPAIR of WATER and SEWER UTILITIES
IN and NEAR WETLANDS and STREAMS
WASHiNGTON
Best Management Practices Framework Utility Maintenance and Repair
FOREWORD
This document was originally prepared by Associated Earth Sciences, Inc. and the Law
Offices of Thomas D. Mortimer Jr. for the Soos Creek Water and Sewer District in
September 11, 2001. The City of Kent has reviewed and adapted the document to fit its
own specific fabilities and environment.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The City of Kent Water and Sewer have a substantial investment in the capital facilities
(e.g., pumps, pipes, reservoirs, lift stations) that are required to provide safe and reliable
water and sewer service. Many of these facilities, particularly linear transmission
systems (pipes), are located within or adjacent to wetland, streams, lakes, and steep slope
areas. Periodic and emergency maintenance and replacement of these utility facilities is
required to maintain compliance with a broad array of state and federal laws that seek to
ensure the safe and reliable operation of municipal water and sewer systems.
With the listing of several Ecological Significant Units (ESUs) of chinook, chum, and
sockeye salmon, bull trout, and steelhead trout in Washington state as "threatened" or
"endangered" species under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA), and the proposed
listing of several other salmonid species, work necessary to maintain and replace utility
facilities in and adjacent to aquatic habitat where listed species occur could conflict with
conditions imposed by the ESA. Such conflicts could jeopardize the reliability of
existing utility systems and thereby place public health and safety at risk. Consequently,
it is in the interest of the City to develop the means to effectively maintain, operate, and
replace key facilities, while avoiding or minimizing the risk of engaging in the un-
permitted "take" of "threatened" or "endangered" species. By the same token, it is in the
interests of the City to avoid the threat of prosecution or citizen lawsuits for any "take"
that may occur to listed species during the routine operation, maintenance, and
replacement of water and sewer facilities.
BMPs: Benefits and Applications
To avoid risks associated with the "take" of a "threatened" or "endangered" species, and
in order to promote their conservation and protection, an array of Best Management
Practices (BMPs) appropriate for water and sewer utilities are presented within this
document. The BMPs are based on current state, federal, and City standards, rules, and
environmental documents (i.e., Washington Department of Ecology Stormwater Manual
for the Puget Sound Basin; King County 1998 Storm Water Design Manual; Clean Water
Act Section 404 Permit Conditions), and utility construction experience. In the course of
their development by the authors listed in the foreword, the BMPs were the subject of
extensive comment and review by US Fish and Wildlife biologists.
2
Best Management Practices Framework Utility Maintenance and Repair
In essence, the BMPs detailed within this document constitute practices specifically
designed to avoid or reduce impacts to aquatic habitat that might otherwise occur in the
course of activities associated with the routine operation, replacement, and maintenance
of water and sewer facilities. Although based on best available science and practice, the
BMPs discussed herein are unlikely to remain static or unchanging. This is in recognition
of the fact that developments in science, law, and/or regulation are expected to. result in
new and improved standards of environmental protection (i.e., Adaptive Manage~ent).
As applied, Adaptive Management is a method by which new information and/or
improved environmental protection practices are monitored and where appropriate, are
adopted to supplement or supersede current BMPs.
Overall, the BMPs cited in this document are intended to serve as a starting point for
utilities seeking to prepare system-specific plans that may be used for the following
purposes: (1) to demonstrate compliance with the ESA with regard to system operations,
including maintenance/replacement activities, through preparation of an internally
developed and adopted ESA risk avoidance plan; (2) to secure protection from take for
certain activities determined by the Services as qualified for 4( d) rule exemptions [e.g.,
US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Conservation Enhancement Plan
process/National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Municipal, Residential, Commercial,
Industrial Development and Redevelopment program (MRCI)] (3) to secure incidental
take permits from NMFS and/or USFWS through preparation of Habitat Conservation
Plans (HCP); or ( 4) to aid utilities to secure state/federal permits with a federal
nexus/ESA Section 7 consultation requirement (e.g., Clean Water Act Section 404
permits).
It should be noted that to secure the incidental take protection afforded by the proposed
4( d) rule exemptions, some level of habitat restoration may be required as a contribution
towards recovery of the species.
The preparation of system-specific BMP plans and/or HCPs may involve additional
and/or more stringent BMPs than those provided herein, depending on system-specific
impacts, facilities, local natural conditions, and the application of adaptive management
practices. In addition, actual construction activities are likely to require compliance with
permit conditions that relate to site-specific direct and indirect effects, as identified by
relevant federal and state agencies.
As a final introductory note, facility upgrades and construction of new facilities are not
directly addressed in this document. The City does recognize that the maintenance and
repair of existing facilities could result in the need to relocate such facilities (e.g.,
relocation to avoid costly repair or replacement in an aquatic habitat). To this end, the
BMPs cited in this document have been developed to cover facility relocation, but may
also be applied to the construction and operation of approved (permitted) upgraded or
new facilities. However, irrespective of the following BMPs, new construction activities
and/or relocations may be subject to highly restrictive and stringent siting issues.
3
Best Management Practices Framework Utility Maintenance and Repair
2.0 OPERATIONS I MAINTENANCE
The safe, daily operation of water and sewer utilities requires the ongoing maintenance of
all facilities (including structures, pipes, and pump stations) on a daily, monthly, or yearly
basis. One of the most important aspects of routine maintenance/replacement activities
involves the inspections that allow utilities to monitor the condition of their faci.liti~s and
to schedule repair and replacement of equipment or facilities (including pipes) prior to
equipment breaJ<:down or structural failure.
Routine maintenance of water and sewer facilities and equipment plays an important
preventative role by avoiding potential accidents, system faults, and other incidents that
could place both the environment and public health at risk. By the same token, proper
maintenance activities are critical to a utility's ability to ensure the safe and reliable
operation of water and sewer systems, to protect natural resources and private property
(i.e., reduce infiltration and inflow; avoid line breaks), and to achieve appropriate levels
of water use efficiency (i.e., leak detection). Utility emergency response procedures are
also important measures in coping with natural disasters and man-caused emergencies.
While the following BMPs were primarily developed to address routine
maintenance/replacement activities, to the extent feasible, they should also be used during
emergency repair actions (i.e., sewer line or water line breaks). It is not the intent of the
BMPs to hamper emergency repair activities.
Numerous BMPs exist that address operations and maintenance activities. Many of these
activities tend to be specific to each water/sewer system and the related natural
environment found within their respective service area. Consequently, it may be
necessary for utilities to develop additional system-specific BMPs and/or construction
protocols that are suited to distinctive maintenance/replacement activities and the
protection of unique, local natural environments.
Several maintenance issues universal to water systems include the need to clean water
lines and reservoirs on a routine basis. Because mineral deposits and sediments typically
collect within a water conveyance system, the American Water Works Association
recommends routine cleaning of water systems, including distribution mains,
transmission mains, and reservoirs to maintain strict federal and state water quality
standards. Many water utilities employ line flushing to accomplish this maintenance
activity. Water utilities can also use processes called "cubing" or "pigging" to clean
water mains. Cubing or pigging involves running a foam-type cube or pig through the
main to clean out deposits. Line flushing and reservoir maintenance practices are
reviewed below.
Line Flushing and Dechlorination
Line flushing involves moving water through the facilities at velocities of approximately
6 feet per second in order to scour phosphorous, manganese, iron, and sediment deposits
from the inside of the pipes. The velocities are achieved by manipulating adjacent water
4
Best Management Practices Framework Utility Maintenance and Repair
valves to create a pressure differential within the pipe being flushed. The flushed water,
sediments, and other deposits scoured from the system are discharged via a blow-off or
fire hydrant. The flushing process continues until the water appears visually clean,
typically less than 15 to 20 minutes.
The first option for disposing of the water and sediments from the flushing operation is to
discharge it to an adjacent sanitary sewer system. However, if a sanitary sewer system is
not readily a;ailable, the water is dechlorinated and then released directly to the
environment, usually via a storm drainage system. The water may be dechlorinated by a
variety of chemicals such as sodium thiosulfate, sodium bisulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium
metabisulfite, sodium ascorbate, activated carbon, and ascorbic acid. Some of these
chemicals may have byproduct affects on the water such as increasing the pH of the water
or reducing available dissolved oxygen. The impacts to the water's alkalinity may be
reduced by the subsequent addition of compounds such as soda ash, sodium bicarbonate,
carbon dioxide, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, or citric acid. Aerating the
water after treatment will help increase dissolved oxygen concentrations. The selection
of dechlorinating agent is typically based on factors such as cost, quantity of compound
required, sensitivity of discharge environment, and resultant byproducts.
The water is typically dechlorinated by flushing the water through a container of the
dechlorinating chemical or dripping the dechlorinating chemical into the discharge at a
controlled rate. The residual chlorine is measured before and after treatment to ensure
that it does not exceed 19 ppb (current state surface water acute standards for total
residual chlorine-Chap. 173-201A WAC). Water from the flushing process is also
routed through a diffuser, which helps aerate the water and minimize disturbance to the
area of release. Sediments that are removed from the pipes by the flushing operation are
diluted by the flushing water to insignificant concentrations. Per WAC 173-201A, any
increase in turbidity must be less than 5 NTU (nephelometric turbidity units) over the
background levels for background levels of 50 NTU or less. If background levels are
greater than 50 NTU, the allowable increase in turbidity is I 0 percent of the background
level.
The release rate of the water is visually estimated and controlled by adjusting the valve
opening, while still allowing sufficient velocities to adequately flush the line. In addition,
the release point is monitored to ensure that scouring of the ground or sensitive areas does
not occur, the capacity of the receiving facility (i.e., roadside ditch or storm drain) is not
exceeded, and that sensitive aquatic species life stages are not harmed (i.e., scouring of
redds). The timing (season) of the flushing activity and volume of water associated with
flushing a water main also need to be evaluated to guarantee that the natural flow patterns
or water levels of downstream open water systems are not disrupted. The overall
condition of the release point (i.e., storm drainage ditch) should also be evaluated to
determine if the release of flushed water will cause sediment that has accumulated in the
drainage to be delivered to downstream resources. If so, appropriate erosion or
sedimentation control measures will be ta:ken to protect the downstream areas.
5
Best Management Practices Framework Utility Maintenance and Repair
Reservoir Maintenance
Routine maintenance of water reservoirs requires periodic draining and cleaning of the
reservoir. To clean a reservoir, the reservoir is removed from service, drained, cleaned,
disinfected, and returned to service. When draining a reservoir, the reservoir's live
storage is drained into the conveyance system. A majority of the dead storage within the
reservoir can at,so be delivered into the conveyance system by use of a portable pump
connected to the reservoir's discharge pipe and pumping into the distribution piping. The
remaining dead storage is discharged into an adjacent sanity sewer conveyance system
whenever feasible. If a sanity sewer is not available to discharge to, the remaining water
is dechlorinated and discharged into a nearby stormwater collection and conveyance
system following the protocol described above for the line flushing measure. Cleaning
activities within a reservoir require removal and disposal of solids consisting of silts,
sands, and mineral deposits that accumulate on the sides and floor of the reservoir. Solids
are delivered to an appropriate waste disposal site upon removal from a reservoir.
3.0 REP AIR I REPLACEMENT
The goal of scheduled maintenance and inspections is to reduce the risk of failure and
avoid emergency repairs associated with line breaks. These actions allow for more
reliable, uninterrupted water and sewer services and greater habitat protection.
Avoidance of pipe failures (breaks or leaks) prevents the potential discharge of
chlorinated water or sewage to aquatic systems. In the case of inflow and infiltration
(I&I) reduction, ground water and surface water flow is not diverted from the natural
systems and is available to support aquatic systems via infiltration and recharge.
Several elements factor into the decision on how to repair or replace failing facilities,
such as the type of material and engineering options available to repair or replace the
failing facilities. For example, options for pipe repair may include slip lining, pipe
bursting, installing a parallel pipe (via trenchless construction or conventional open cut
construction), or removal and replacement of the pipe in the same space. If the decision
is made to replace the facility, the next consideration is whether to keep the facility at the
existing location or move to an alternative location, especially if the facility is located
near a lake, stream, or wetland system. The primary factors in the decision to relocate a
facility may include the existing system lay-out, topography, environmental factors, and
cost.
The protocols discussed below have been developed primarily for non-emergency repair
and replacement projects where the timing of work in and near streams and wetlands can
be scheduled during the dry season or during periods to accommodate sensitive life cycle
stages of listed species (e.g. non-spawning period). The Washington Hydraulic Code is
currently being revised to better address timing restrictions based on salmonid life
histories. In addition, USFWS has identified work-timing windows for bull trout that can
be adjusted on a site specific and project specific basis. However, many of the measures
listed also apply to work that is conducted on an accelerated schedule or requires work in
6
Best Management Practices Framework Utility Maintenance and Repair
or near streams and wetlands during the wet season to prevent incipient failures or to
repair failures on an emergency basis. Under any circumstance, utilities are encouraged
to engage in preventative maintenance actions relating to their facilities, including, but
not limited to the TV'ing of water/sewer lines and detecting leaks.
The construction BMPs provided below are appropriate for a variety of excavation, open
cut and trenchless construction, dewatering, and clearing activities. As noted earlie'r, the
BMPs have been designed to assist the sponsoring agency to secure incidental take
determination, whether through an HCP, Section 7 consultation, or 4(d) rule exemption.
Although such activities may result in short-term impacts, proper application of the
BMPs are intended to result in an overall benefit to the environment (especially in
consideration of the alternative consequences that could result from an emergency system
failure such as a water line or sewer line burst). Therefore, a finding of "no jeopardy",
"no effect" or "not likely to cause adverse affects" upon a listed species can be made.
Any such finding means the activity does not constitute a "take" under the ESA.
Actual use and application of the BMPs will be subject to the unique geologic, hydraulic,
hydrogeologic, and other natural conditions existing within a utility's specific service
area. BMP use may also be affected by project-specific conditions imposed by
state/federal agencies (i.e., state Shoreline Management Act; Clean Water Act Section
404 Permit).
3.1 Construction Protocols
All necessary City, state, and federal permits must be obtained prior to initiating non-
emergency work. Work in and near streams and wetlands must conform to City Sensitive
/Critical Areas Ordinances. Work in and near streams or other surface water features will
require a Hydraulics Project Approval (HPA) Permit from the Washington Department of
Fish and Wildlife (WDFW). Discharge of soils, pipes, or other material into streams or
wetlands will require a 404 Permit (Clean Water Act) issued by U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers (ACOE), and may require a 401 Water Quality Certification (Clean Water Act)
and Coastal Zone Management Program Consistency Response from Washington State
Department of Ecology (Ecology). Any work within a shoreline of the state will need to
conform with the requirements of the Shoreline Management Program, and work within
(or under) navigable waters will require review under Section 10 of the River and
Harbors Act.
The ACOE has recently modified its 404 Nationwide Permit conditions. Similarly, the
Washington State Department of Ecology is engaged in modifying permit conditions
relating to the issuance of 40 I Water Quality Certifications and approval of Shoreline
Master Plan Programs. Both efforts are being driven by the ESA.
Currently, a National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit from
Ecology is required for any construction project covering 5 acres or more, and imposes
stormwater regulation, mitigation, and planning requirements on general purpose
governments with populations greater than I 00,000 people. This discharge permit
7
Best Management Practices Framework Utility Maintenance and Repair
requires preparation of a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP), which would
include temporary erosion and sediment control plans (TESCP) and accidental spill
prevention and cleanup provisions. Projects smaller than 5 acres are not currently
required to secure an NPDES permit. These permit requirements are based on the EPA's
Phase I stormwater regulations.
Phase I standards are now on a regulatory track to be superseded by more stringent Phase
II stormwater regulations. Phase II regulations would impose stormwater regulation,
mitigation, and planning requirements upon general purpose local governments with
populations of 10,000 or greater, and upon construction projects covering 1 acre or more.
Local governments falling within the scope of the Phase II regulations will be required to
have Phase II-consistent storm water plans in place by January 2002.
In addition to the EPA Phase II storm water regulation, the Department of Ecology has
proposed an update of its current stormwater management manual.
Under any circumstance, the measures outlined below are predicated at a minimum, on
achieving Phase I levels of environmental protection from utility work regardless of
whether the work is covered under an NPDES permit or not. These measures also
include new, more stringent standards of protection as negotiated with the Services.
3.1.1 Erosion and Sediment Control (ESC) Measures
The most important aspect of protecting aquatic habitat during construction is the control
of sediment discharge into the aquatic systems and protection of riparian vegetation. This
sub-section provides general measures for erosion and sediment control, while the
following sub-sections focus on specific measures for streams, wetlands, and steep slope
areas.
General
Erosion control measures shall be designed in accordance with the most current
Washington Department of Ecology Stormwater Management Manual for the Puget
Sound Basin or other relevant state or City regulations and design standards (i.e., King
County Storm Water Design Manual; Washington Hydraulic Code) that may be
determined by the Services as providing necessary levels of protection for listed species.
The ESC plan shall include a description of training that will be provided to all
construction personnel. The training will establish the importance and mechanics of the
ESC elements of the project, including the individual expectations for implementing the
ESC plan. Details of such plans should be cited within a Conservation Enhancement
Plan, MRCI plan, or internal ESA Risk Avoidance Plan.
Appropriate ESC facilities shall be installed and maintained in effective operating
condition throughout construction. The extent of required ESC measures will depend on
8
Best Management Practices Framework Utility Maintenance and Repair
the extent of earthwork, soil types, topography, season, weather conditions, and resulting
erosion potential.
Back up equipment and ESC supplies shall be available or stockpiled for emergency
situations. Examples of supplies to be stockpiled include silt fence material and posts,
oil-absorbing booms and silt sacks for inlet protection.
During periods''ofheavy rain storms (defined as greater than 0.5 inch of rain in a 24-hour
period), continuation of construction work shall be evaluated and ESC monitoring efforts
shall be increased. Work involving soil movement (i.e., grading) shall be discontinued
except to control drainage or to finish work that otherwise would be a greater detriment if
not completed. Equipment and personnel shall be available to construct and maintain all
necessary erosion control facilities.
All construction debris shall be properly covered and promptly disposed of to avoid
discharge of material into a waterway or wetland or cause any water quality degradation.
All excess material shall be disposed of at an approved disposal site. Disposal details
shall be contained in individual project plans.
Perimeter Protection
Clearing limits shall be flagged before any land disturbing activities begin. Limit cleared
work areas to the area required to conduct the repair I replacement activities. Laydown
areas for equipment, piping, and appurtenance storage shall be located outside of wetland
and riparian areas. For purposes of this document, wetland and riparian areas shall be
defined per the method/description assigned by respective federal, state, or local
government agency that has jurisdiction over the proposed construction activity. Should
the project involve a federal, as well as state/local permitting component, the federal
definition shall control.
Prior to construction, all wet areas within the construction zones shall be isolated by filter
fabric fencing or equivalent or better methods.
Filter fabric perimeter fencing shall be installed per City specifications downslope of any
disturbed areas where potential for sheetflow or channelized flow of water exists. Work
on guttered roadways shall be preceded by identification of gutter outlets, and appropriate
screening or blockage of storm drains as needed to prevent turbid runoff discharge to
streams.
Silt fabric shall be one piece or continuously sewn to make one piece for the full height of
the fence fabric. Disturbance of native soils and vegetation shall be minimized during silt
fence installation. At a minimum, posts shall be placed at least every 6 feet and be driven
into the ground to a depth of at least 1 foot. Side casting soils on the downhill side of the
fence shall not be allowed. The condition of the filter fabric fence shall be monitored to
keep the fence in good condition, and the downhill side of the filter fabric shall also be
9
Best Management Practices Framework Utility Maintenance and Repair
inspected to ensure the silt fencing is preventing silts from entering downslope areas.
Sediment shall be removed when the sediment is a maximum of 6 inches deep and
disposed of at an appropriate site as identified in the individual project plans.
Any damaged section of silt fence shall be repaired immediately. The uphill side of the
fence shall be monitored for any signs of the fence clogging and channelization of flows
parallel to the fence. If this occurs, replace fence and/or remove the trapped sediment.
Filter fabric that has deteriorated due to ultraviolet radiation shall be replaced.
Cover Requirements
During the dry season, cleared and excavated soils or imported soils needed for backfill
or site restoration shall not be stored within at least 50 feet of the ordinary high water
mark of streams, lakes, or other watercourses (dry or flowing); and shall not be deposited
or stored where materials can be eroded by high water or storm runoff. Soil stockpiles
stored within 50 to I 00 feet of water bodies shall be covered with waterproof material if
left exposed for longer than 48 hours. During the wet season, cleared and excavated soils
or imported soils needed for backfill or site restoration shall not be stored within at least
!50 feet of the ordinary high water mark. If feasible, these soils should be stored outside
of the I 00-year floodplain or channel migration zone. The practicality of storing soils
outside of these zones will depend on the extent of these zones and the duration of the
proposed work.
If excavated or imported soils need to be stored for less than 7 days or transporting these
soils into and out of the area could cause additional harm to the local area (i.e., wider
temporary construction road or increased compaction of the area), then soils may be
temporarily stored within the I 00-year floodplain or channel migration zone provided
alternative stockpile locations outside of these zones are identified prior to
commencement of the excavation activities. If conditions develop that may result in
extreme high waters in the work areas, the work area shall immediately be secured and
the stockpiled soils moved to the alternative location as necessary.
Temporary soil stockpiles shall be covered with waterproof material when stockpile areas
are located near streams or wetlands and are left exposed for longer than 48 hours.
Stockpiled material shall be covered during rain storms if the runoff resulting from the
storm could transport material into a stream or wetland area.
Temporary cover measures shall be installed to protect all disturbed areas that will remain
unworked for more than seven days during the dry season or for more than two days
during the wet season. Any area to remain unworked for more than 30 days shall be
seeded or sodded. ESC measures should be maintained until vegetation has been
reestablished. Mulch may be used as cover on disturbed areas that require cover
measures for less than 30 days.
10
Best Management Practices Framework Utility Maintenance and Repair
All areas, including stockpiles, with slopes of 3H:IV or steeper and with more than 10
feet of vertical relief shall be covered if they are to remain unworked for more than two
days during the wet season.
Accepted cover methods include, but are not limited to, mulch, erosion control nets and
blankets, visqueen sheeting, hydroseeding and mulching, and sodding. .Material
necessary to cover all disturbed areas shall be stockpiled on-site during the wet season.
'.
When spreading straw mulch, the straw should not be cut or broken into short stalks. The
minimum depth of straw mulch shall be 2 inches. If straw is mechanically blown onto
the site, the depth shall be three inches. Mulch shall be loose enough to permit
penetration of sunlight and air circulation but dense enough to shade the ground, reduce
evapotranspiration, and prevent or materially reduce erosion of the underlying soil,
including elimination of raindrop impacts. Foot stomping or other means to compact
straw may be necessary in areas exposed to wind.
Erosion control nets and blankets shall be used to prevent erosion and hold seed and
mulch in place on steep slopes and in channels to allow vegetation to become well
established. Nets and blankets may also be used to stabilize 2H: 1 V or steeper slopes with
more than I 0 feet of vertical relief.
If erosion control nets or blankets are used, the nets and blankets shall make good contact
with the ground so no erosion occurs beneath the net or blanket. Any areas of the net or
blanket that are damaged or not in close contact with the ground shall be repaired and
stapled immediately.
Visqueen!plastic sheeting shall have a minimum thickness of 0.06 mm. Quarry spalls or
other suitable protection (i.e, washed rock, coir or straw logs, or continuous berm) shall
be installed at the toe of the slope to reduce or prevent erosion velocities in the runoff.
Torn sheets shall be repaired or replaced immediately. Plastic covering shall be installed
and maintained tightly in place by using sandbags, tires on ropes with a maximum I 0 foot
grid spacing in all directions, or other comparable methods to ensure even contact with
the ground. All seams shall be taped or weighted down full length with at least a 12-inch
overlap of all seams. Plastic covering sheets shall be toed in at the top of slopes in order
to prevent surface water flow beneath the sheets. If plastic begins to deteriorate due to
ultraviolet radiation, remove and replace it immediately. Plastic shall be removed when it
is no longer needed.
Clean runoff from visqueen sheeting may bypass on-site water quality facilities and be
directly discharged to off-site drainage facilities to maximize capacity of on-site systems
to manage turbid water.
Run-on Control Measures
11
Best Management Practices Framework Utility Maintenance and Repair
Runoff from undisturbed areas shall be diverted from areas of construction activity by
utilizing existing road drainage ditches and drainage ways as much as possible. Where
this is not possible, diversion dikes and swales shall be constructed, as practicable, so
runoff from undisturbed areas will not be contaminated by construction activity. In
locations where off-site flow must cross disturbed areas, temporary culvert pipe shall be
installed, as required, to convey the water across the disturbed areas to the natural flow
p~. '
On-site Conveyance Control I Runoff Control and Treatment Measures
Sediment shall be trapped on-site using filter fabric fences, straw bales, sediment traps,
temporary pressurized filtration systems, or other appropriate methods. For example, the
use of electric charges to remove suspended solids has been shown to effectively reduce
turbidity at flow rates up to 40 gallons per minute.
Storm water runoff from disturbed areas within the limits of construction and from staging
and laydown areas shall be collected and treated before release. Runoff, stormwater, and
wastewater flows shall be controlled and treated during construction to minimize water
quality impacts. All runoff must meet the most recent state standards (current minimum
standards set in Chapter 173-201A WAC). Ponds, pressure filtration or other suspended
solids removal systems, biofiltration via sheetflow dispersion across flat vegetated
(grassy) areas, or other approved measures shall be used to treat and dispose of storm
water runoff, dewatering, and process wastewater. Said runoff, effluent, or wastewater
shall meet required City or regional water quality standards prior to release from the site.
Any release ultimately discharging into streams or other open water systems shall be
clean water and shall not adversely affect water temperature, pH, or dissolved oxygen
sufficient to result in a violation of state standards and shall be released at rates that do
not appreciably alter volume or flow velocities. Water with pollutants will require other
disposal methods in accordance with City, state, and federal laws. Sanitary sewer
systems may accept dewatering or runoff with total settable solids less than 7 mg/1 and
pH between 5.5 to 12 that is free oftoxics. There are generally no volume restrictions for
dewatering or runoff disposal into sanitary sewers between May 1st and Octo her 31st.
During other times of the year, volume restrictions vary. Prior approval from the sanitary
sewer district is required.
A vactor truck shall be available during construction in or near all wet areas to assist in
the removal of mud and silty water when appropriate (i.e., adequately sized treatment
ponds can not be constructed to control stormwater or shallow ground water is
encountered).
All retention and detention facilities shall include silt traps. Traps shall be installed prior
to any grading activities to mitigate stream sedimentation and potential water
contamination.
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Best Management Practices Framework Utility Maintenance and Repair
All entrances and parking areas used by construction traffic shall be stabilized to
minimize erosion and tracking of sediment off-site. A separation geotextile shall be
placed under the rock material to prevent fine sediment from pumping up into the rock
pad.
Catch basin protection shall be installed at storm drain inlets down-slope and wlthin 500
feet of any disturbed area or construction entrance. Filter fabric shall only be used as a
catch basin protection if it is installed over the grate and ponded runoff will not be a
traffic or erosion hazard. Filter fabric shall not be placed under the grates of any catch
basin as the filter fabric and sediment will fall into the catch basin when the grate is
removed for cleaning. Accumulated sediment on or around the filter fabric protection
shall be removed immediately. Any sediment in catch basin inserts shall be removed
when the sediment has filled one-third of the available storage. The filter media for the
insert shall be cleaned and replaced at least monthly or more frequently depending on
specific site issues.
Straw bales used for barriers shall be standard size with an approximate weight of 70
pounds, tied with twine or wire, free of noxious weeds or-other weedy plant species.
Bales shall be installed so that the bindings are oriented around the sides rather than along
the top and bottom of the bale in order to prevent deterioration of the bindings. Bales
shall be installed with the ends of adjacent bales tightly abutting one another.
Bales shall be entrenched and backfilled with the ends of adjacent bales tightly abutting
one another. A trench shall be excavated the width of the bale and the length of the
proposed barrier to a minimum depth of 4 inches. The trench shall be deep enough to
remove all grass and other material which might allow flow to pass under the bale
without treatment.
Each bale shall be securely anchored by at least two stakes driven through the bale. The
first stake shall be driven toward the previously laid bale to force the bales together. Any
gaps between bales shall be chinked with straw to prevent untreated water from escaping
between the bales.
When bales are placed across channels, the bales shall extend to such length that the
bottom of the end bales are higher in elevation than the top of the lowest middle bale to
ensure water flows through or over the barrier rather than around the barrier.
Sediment shall be removed from basins, catch basins, check dams, and traps when
capacity has been reduced by 50% or when more than 1 foot of sediment has
accumulated.
3.1.2 Dewatering-Groundwater Control
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Best Management Practices Frmnework Utility Maintenance and Repair
Excavations in areas of high groundwater requires control of the groundwater in the
construction area in order to effectively and safely excavate open trenches and avoid and
minimize impacts to aquatic habitats. The local groundwater table can be temporarily
suppressed in the immediate construction area by using well points or deep well systems
to keep water out of the excavation areas. Sump pumps can also be used to remove water
in the excavated areas. Water removed by well points or deep well systems is_typically
clear and non-turbid while water removed directly from an excavated area with 'sump
pumps is generally turbid. Alternative technologies, such as ground freezing, should also
be considered especially when more conventional methods may not provide the level of
control required.
Dewatering Measures
Trench excavations shall be dewatered by using well points, deep well systems, sumps
with pumps, or other approved methods (i.e., ground freezing). Dewatering systems shall
be sufficient to lower the water level in advance of the excavation and/or maintain it
continuously to keep the trench bottom and sides firm and dry.
Dewatering systems shall be designed and operated so as to prevent removal of the
natural soils.
The quantity and quality of discharge water from the groundwater control and dewatering
system shall be in conformance with all federal, state, and City regulations.
Well points and deep wells may be placed in intervals along the construction area as
necessary to depress the local groundwater table during construction. These wells may be
pumped at relatively high rates and may be used to lower the groundwater level within
the vicinity of the excavation to minimize water seepage into the trench or work area.
Monitor wells installed within the vicinity of the excavation can be used to monitor the
effectiveness of the pumping wells. In general, discharge water resulting from the use of
deep wells and well points is not turbid once the well has been established and can
normally be discharged directly onto an adjacent vegetated area, if ground infiltration
characteristics are adequate to handle the discharge over the period of pumping.
Adequate detention shall be provided if soil infiltration is not adequate to handle the
pumped water. Discharge resulting from the initial cleaning of the wells or well points
shall be routed to a sediment removal facility or directed to a detention pond, stormwater
system, or sanitary sewer.
Dewatering shall be terminated as soon as practical. In the event dewatering is for (1) a
prolonged duration (i.e., more than 48 hours), and/or (2) requires pumping substantial
volumes of water (i.e., greater than 250 gpm); and (3) involves withdrawals from shallow
aquifer systems in hydraulic connection with nearby surface water streams supporting
listed species and/or critical habitat supporting one or more life stages (e.g.,
spawning/rearing habitat), the effects of such dewatering on said streamflows, habitat,
14
Best Management Practices Framework Utility Maintenance and Repair
and water quality conditions shall be monitored during the course of the dewatering
process.
Quality of dewatering discharge must meet minimum state standards (current standards
set in Chapter 173-201A WAC). Dewatering discharge shall be released at appropriate
volumes and velocities to avoid significant changes in water surface elevation and
velocities of adjacent water bodies. Should potential adverse impacts (i.e., inc;eased
water tempera'tures, changes in pH, dissolved oxygen or water clarity, increased
velocities) upon listed species be determined, the dewatering activity shall be suspended
until suitable instream conditions can be restored and properly maintained.
Discharges of turbid water pumped into detention ponds or sediment removal facilities
shall, if practical, be directed to existing sewer and/or stormwater collection systems. In
all other circumstances, stored, turbid water shall not be discharged to surface water
streams if reintroduction of said water would increase existing temperature or turbidity
conditions.
If well points are used, they shall be adequately spaced to provide the necessary
dewatering and shall be sand packed or otherwise established to prevent pumping of fine
sands or silts from the subsurface. A continual check shall be maintained to ensure
subsurface soils are not being removed by the dewatering operation.
In tight soil areas, where the rate of groundwater infiltration is slow, pumping directly
from the trench may be feasible. However, discharge water associated with the use of
these pumps is generally turbid and shall require treatment prior to release to a waterway,
storm drain, or wetland. Per WAC 173-201A, any increase in turbidity must be less than
5 NTU (nephelometric turbidity units) over the background levels for background levels
of 50 NTU or less. If background levels are greater than 50 NTU, the allowable increase
in turbidity is I 0 percent of the background level.
Open or cased sumps shall not be used as a primary dewatering method for excavations
that are deeper than 2 feet below the natural water table.
If water has caused the bottom of the trench to become unacceptable for placing and
compacting bedding material, then crushed rock or quarry spalls shall be placed in the
bottom of trenches immediately after excavation to improve the bearing capacity of the
soil and reduce sediment in the pumped water. If possible, a depression in the down
gradient portion of the trench shall be excavated to collect water for removal.
Water shall be filtered using an approved method or allowed to settle in a sediment trap
or pond in order to remove sand and fine-sized soil particles before disposal into any
drainage system which conveys water to a stream, wetland, or pond. Said facilities shall
be designed to meet regulatory requirements (WAC 173-201 A)
15
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Best Management Practices Framework Utility Maintenance and Repair
Disposal of the discharge to a sanitary sewer may be preferential if prior approval is
secured from the sewer district.
Sedimentation ponds or biofiltration swales shall not be located within wetlands or
stream buffers.
Adequate standby pumping equipment shall be maintained on the job site at all ti~es to
insure efficient ·dewatering and maintenance of dewatering operation for all ordinary
emergencies, including power outages.
The equipment shall be operated prior to complete shutdown in a manner that will allow
the groundwater level to rise gradually to its static level.
The construction and abandonment of all wells used in dewatering systems shall comply
with Washington State Department of Ecology requirements (Chapter 173-160 WAC and
Chapter 18.104 RCW).
3.1.3 Streams and Riparian Areas
Construction within streams and riparian areas should be conducted with extreme caution
to avoid the introduction of material/sediment into the waterways regardless if listed fish
species have or have not been documented in the stream. Disturbance in waterways that
eventually discharge into a system that supports listed fish can be considered by the
services (NMFS/USFWS) to have the potential to adversely affect listed species or their
critical habitat.
Stream and Riparian Measures
Construction of non-emergency repairs shall be limited to periods of low flow or other
periods identified by fisheries agencies, as approved by NMFS/USFWS, to avoid
disturbances to critical fisher life stages per agency requirements. Construction within
stream buffers shall cease during periods of heavy rain.
Equipment shall be stored and refueled outside of streams and associated buffers and
riparian zones as feasible. Required setbacks shall be marked in the field prior to
initiating any on-site work.
A void instream work whenever feasible. Determine the feasibility of using a trenchless
construction method (i.e., micro-tunnel bore and jack, horizontal directional drilling, slip
lining, or pipe bursting) to install a pipe across a stream before using open cut
construction methods to install the pipe.
Where work within the stream is necessary (i.e., soil conditions will not allow trenchless
construction; physical location or pipe diameter will not allow slip lining or pipe
bursting), flow shall be di vetted to deflect as much of the stream energy as possible from
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Best Management Practices Framework Utility Maintenance and Repair
cut banks and the channel bed. Flow diversion shall commence before trenching through
streams or ditches, such that flow of the waterway remains continuous at all times and
meets fish passage requirements per WDFW-HPA standards.
Diversion of surface flows, where required, may include the use of culverts, sandbag
cofferdams, and pumps. If pumps are used to divert water around the construction area,
they shall be adequately screened to protect fish and debris from pump suction. ' '.
When in-stream work is required, a construction window shall be selected, per
NMFS/USFWS guidelines, when listed species are not present, if feasible. Remove fish
from the construction reach before dewatering for any in-stream construction. A
collection permit from WDFW and approval from NMFS and USFWS may be required
to relocate fish from the work site. Electrofishing should be used as the fmal alternative
for removing fish from a construction area. Seining, dipnetting, block netting, etc may be
sufficient and should be employed prior to electrofishing. Should electrofishing be
appropriate, it shall be performed by qualified and experienced personnel, and shall be in
accordance with Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife protocol and all other
applicable state/federal laws, regulations, and guidelines.
Absorbency booms shall be placed along the ordinary high water mark of streams, ponds,
or lakes prior to initiating any on-site work as a precaution against spills.
Construction access roads shall not be established across streams unless a temporary
stream crossing is the only access route to the adjacent construction area. If a temporary
access road is required it shall be constructed in such a manner to avoid any instream
work or placement of structures, (i.e., span stream with rail car or sheet piling supported
at outside of the channel to act as a temporary bridge).
Buried pipe shall be placed at least 4 feet deeper than the maximum anticipated depth of
scour observed at the deepest portion of the channel throughout the potential meander
width of the waterway. Potential effects relating to anticipated depth and extent of
possible scour shall be identified and mitigated pursuant to plans prepared by qualified
hydrologists and/or fluvial geomorphologist.
Topsoils from the stream buffer shall be stripped and stockpiled separately for subsequent
replacement during restoration. Stream buffer topsoils shall also be stockpiled and
covered separately from the adjacent upland soils.
Areas where topsoil is stripped and replaced following construction shall be re-vegetated
with species representative of adjacent functional riparian areas or better.
Removal of woody plant species and/or whole trees within the stream buffer that could
provide shade or large woody debris to the stream shall be avoided where feasible. If tree
removal is necessary to gain access to facility and undertake project, 10-inch and larger
diameter trees cleared from the stream buffer shall be retained. Said trees shall be cut
17
Best Management Practices Frantework Utility Maintenance and Repair
into lengths of at least 12 feet and/or segments at least as long as channel width,
whichever is greatest, and retained for placement as woody debris after construction is
completed. Consult with Service Restoration Program or stream restoration consultants
for effective woody debris placement methodology.
3.1.4 Wetlands
In addition to the dewatering measures detailed in Section 3.1.2, measures to limit or
avoid impacts to wetlands during construction are required to avoid potential impacts to
surface water areas that support listed species or discharge to water supporting listed
species and to meet selective permit requirements (i.e., Nationwide Permit 12).
Wetland Measures
Construction of non-emergency repairs shall be limited to the dry season.
The construction corridor width shall be reduced to 40 feet or less wherever feasible.
Locate equipment and material storage areas outside of wetlands and wetland buffers.
Wetland topsoils and subsoils shall be stripped and stockpiled separately during
construction for subsequent replacement during restoration. Stripped wetland topsoils
shall also be stockpiled and covered separately from the adjacent upland soils.
Where possible, 10-inch and larger diameter trees from the construction areas within
wetlands and wetland buffers shall be retained, limbed and cut into lengths of at least 12
feet for placement as woody debris after construction is completed. Leave downed large
wood and large stumps in good condition found in the wetland or wetland buffer where
possible. Where removal is required, maintain in good condition at maximum lengths
feasible, if whole logs can not be relocated; and stockpile for subsequent restoration.
Temporary access roads shall only be constructed as needed. No permanent access roads
shall be constructed within wetlands or wetland buffers. When required, temporary
access roads should be constructed in such manner that water from the road prism is not
directly diverted to an adjacent wetland or stream.
Appropriate material shall be used to construct temporary access roads. Wood chips or
crushed rock on fabric mats shall be placed where soils are not saturated or highly
organic. Steel mats or log rafts shall be used in areas of high organic soils (i.e., peat) or
areas of saturated soils.
Seepage barriers consisting of concrete collars, clay dams, or other impermeable
materials shall be placed around pipelines, as necessary (i.e., on slopes), to maintain local
hydrology patterns. If water could accumulate behind the dam, convey the water to a
18
Best Management Practices Framework Utility Maintenance and Repair
natural drainage area via pipes. Said barriers and drainage conveyance shall be installed
at the time of trench backfill.
A layer of impermeable material such as clay or bentonite (12 inches minimum) shall be
placed at the depth of any impermeable layer punctured during excavation to prevent
water in the wetland area from escaping into more permeable soil zones belo~ the
impermeable zone . . , .
Only suitable native soils or material supplied from an approved source, such as a sand
and gravel operation, shall be used for backfilling in wetland habitats.
Unsuitable native soil shall be disposed of at an approved off-site location.
3.15 Lake Measures
Pipes may also be found in lakes, typically near the shoreline. These pipes may have
been installed in order to allow adjacent development to be served by a gravity system,
and may be located beneath the bottom of the lake or laid above ground within the lake.
Because lakes can support listed fish species or discharge into systems that support listed
fish species, consideration should be given to the relocation of these facilities where
feasible (i.e., conversion of a gravity sewer system around lake to a grinder pump system
that would allow new facilities to be constructed outside the lake). If relocating the
facility is not feasible, or would cause greater environmental damage than the repair or
replacement of the existing facility, then the following measures should be applied where
feasible. Applicable riparian, wetland, and wetland buffer measures should also be
applied when working in lake areas.
• Sliplining-Involves the insertion of a smaller pipe into the existing pipe.
• Cured-In-Place Piping -Involves inverting a cloth-like pipe impregnated with
polyurethane resin into the existing pipe using hydrostatic head or air pressure
(pipe accessed via existing manholes). The resin soaked material is then cured
using heat to form a "sleeve" inside the existing pipe.
• Fold-and-Form Lining-Involves inserting a heated PVC or HDPE thermoplastic
liner, folded or deformed into a U-shape, into the existing sewer and rerounding
the liner using heat and pressure.
• Pipe bursting -Replace the existing pipe with new pipe by dragging new pipe
through the existing pipe after it has been burst with an appropriately sized
mandrel. This method may be viable only if the pipe is sufficiently buried
beneath the bottom of the lake.
• Replacement -Construct replacement line on shore and then lower the newly
constructed pipe section into the lake parallel to old pipe segment. All joints of
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Best Management Practices Framework Utility Maintenance and Repair
the replacement line would need to be restrained or fused to prevent separation of
the new facility during installation or operation. (This would likely have limited
application since the length of pipe that could be lifted into position would be
limited.)
Options to repair or replace pipes located in or under lakes may be limited by engineering
constraints on the system. For pipes installed on a lake bottom, many of the ibove
techniques would require divers to implement the repair activities to avoid dewatering of
the work area. However, in situations \vhere temporary dewatering of a work area within
a lake is necessary, installation of cofferdams and dewatering within the cofferdams
would be required. Fish should be "herded" or collected from the work area under the
appropriate approval and/or collection permits required by WDFW, NMFS, and/or
USFWS. The pumps within the cofferdams should be adequately screened to protect fish
from pump suction. Any repair or maintenance requiring temporary dewatering should
be conducted within the appropriate time period to avoid sensitive salmonid species life
stages as determined in consultation with WDFW, NMFS, and/or USFWS.
3.1.6 Steep Slopes
Construction on steep slopes adjacent to streams and wetlands presents an increased
probability that sediment can be delivered to these aquatic systems. Therefore, there is an
increased sensitivity to construction in steep slope areas due to the potential increased
risk to listed species. In general, avoid construction on steep slopes unless alternative
will cause greater damage to public resources or is not feasible relative to
engineering/legal conditions relating to original placement of facility.
Steep Slope Measures
Diversion bars or berms shall be used to divert surface water from steep slopes in the
construction area. Straw bales or silt fences shall be placed to reduce runoff velocity in
conjunction with collection, transport, and disposal of surface runoff generated in the
construction zone.
The amount of area that is cleared and graded at one time on steep slopes shall be limited
to the immediate area of construction. Construction activities shall begin immediately
after a section has been cleared and stripped of vegetation and restoration shall begin as
soon as possible.
Silt fence shall be erected down-slope of all disturbed areas prior to any up-slope grading.
Silt fence shall not be installed on any slope steeper than 2H: 1 V.
Steep slopes susceptible to sloughing during construction shall be stabilized, where
needed, by use of subdrains and pipe collars designed to impair the seepage path of
groundwater flow.
20
Best Management Practices Framework Utility Maintenance and Repair
Quarry spalls shall be placed in any ditch with a longitudinal slope greater than 5 percent.
Quarry spalls shall be placed with sufficient overlap to provide interlocking and complete
coverage of the ditch section to the satisfaction of the engineer. Quarry spalls may be
placed in ditches to serve as a check dam.
3.1. 7 Accidental Spill Response
A plan to pre.:ent and contain accidental spills shall be prepared for all construction
projects. A spill response plan shall comply with applicable federal, state, county, and
city laws. Construction shall cease, if necessary, to prevent interference with immediate
spill cleanup. If a spill were to occur, dewatering shall cease if it was creating flow that
would mobilize the spill. Dewatering would not continue until the contained spill was
cleaned up. A combination of filtration, biofiltration, or sanitary sewer discharge
treatment may effectively treat routine small leaks from equipment through allowance for
filtration, biodegradation, and volatilization, as occurs with similar facilities for normal
vehicle traffic on roadways. An adequate supply of oil absorbent pads, booms, and ESC
materials shall be maintained on-site t!U'oughout the construction period to absorb
inadvertent spills from construction equipment. Accidental spills of fuels or petroleum-
based products shall require notification to the Washington Department of Ecology, and
clean up in the impoundment in which it occurred.
The basic elements of the Accidental Spill Response shall include the following:
I. Emergency assistance telephone numbers, worker protective gear, containment and
sorption devices, sweeping compounds, disposal containment materials, and a fire
extinguisher must be available on-site.
2. As soon as possible after a spill occurs, it must be reported to the county or city
emergency agency responsible for rapid response and to Ecology's Hazardous
Substance Information Office.
3. On-site responses shall protect workers, stop the spill source, warn of the spill,
contain the spill, and clean up the spill.
4. No contaminated soils, water, or cleanup materials shall be left on the site. Rather,
they shall be treated as construction waste for appropriate off-site disposal.
3.1.8 Construction Monitoring
Construction monitoring is the key to successfully implementing the designated BMP
measures and is considered by the regulatory agencies to be the most important element
of an ESC Plan. Monitoring ensures the stipulated measures are implemented correctly
and maintained in proper working order. Monitoring and appropriate record keeping
shall document compliance with performance standards and provide a means to identify
potential problems as soon as they are encountered. These practices also allow corrective
measures to be implemented in a timely manner to avoid significant impacts.
Construction Monitoring and Documentation
21
Best Management Practices Framework Utility Maintenance and Repair
All wetlands, streams, steep slopes, and associated buffers shall be photographed prior to
construction to document pre-project conditions.
Agencies shall be notified prior to starting project construction as required by City, state,
and federal permits.
To ensure the 'efficiency and proper maintenance of the ESC measures and facilities,
inspections shall be made daily by a trained and designated erosion control supervisor or
the project engineer to detect any impairment of the structural stability, adequate
capacity, or other requisites of the measures and facilities that might impair their
effectiveness. Immediate steps shall be taken to correct any such impairment found to
exist. ESC measures shall be adjusted or enhanced as necessary to adequately control
and contain sediment and runoff. The contractor or project engineer shall monitor the
effectiveness of the ESC measures to provide feedback on adequacy of specified
measures.
The contractor shall monitor turbidity at all outlets and maintain all areas weekly, or after
rainfall sufficient to generate runoff, or daily during dewatering. This monitoring shall
ensure protection from erosion and provide adaptive management feedback dictating the
need for ESC maintenance, additional ESC controls, or to ensure that areas are mulched
or revegetated as soon as possible after construction is completed. An ESC supervisor
shall be responsible for maintenance and review of ESC measures.
The dewatering system shall be monitored continuously while in operation.
An inspection report file shall be maintained at all times.
3.2 Restoration
After construction is completed, the aquatic sites and adjacent steep slope areas will
require stabilization and restoration of habitat conditions. Post-construction monitoring
ensures these stabilization and restoration efforts have been effectively implemented and
are sufficient to stabilize and restore these habitats.
3.2.1 General
After the dewatering system is deactivated, all wells, sumps, and drains shall be removed
and the ground shall be restored to a condition better than or equal to the condition prior
to installation of the groundwater control system.
After construction is completed, the site shall be stabilized and restored to a condition
better or equal to the pre-construction condition. All structural ESC measures shall be
removed and all permanent surface water facilities, including but not limited to catch
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Best Management Practices Frametvork Utility Maintenance and Repair
basins, manholes, pipes, and ditches that may have been impacted by construction shall
be cleaned.
The original topographic contours shall be restored in wetland, wetland buffer, and
stream buffer habitats. Topsoil must comprise the upper soil layer and shall be placed as
final grade material.
' Any silts that have accumulated on impervious surfaces shall be removed.
Straw bales may be removed only after the upslope areas have been permanently
stabilized. The trench shall be backfilled to original contours after bales have been
removed.
Temporary erosion and sedimentation control methods shall be kept in place and m
proper working order until permanent erosion control is established.
Mulch shall be used in conjunction with the seeding to protect the seeds from heat,
moisture loss, and transport due to runoff.
Stockpiled wood shall be installed on the final grade and buried lengthwise for the partial
or full length of wood piece or stump.
All temporary access road materials shall be removed and compacted soils loosened when
construction access is no longer needed. Compacted or disturbed areas shall be scarified
to a depth of at least 6 inches to prepare adequate conditions for seeding and planting.
The construction area shall be revegetated by seeding (with native species whenever
feasible) and mulching as soon as construction in the local vicinity is completed. Local
native plant nursery stock shall be planted as necessary to restore or enhance plant
communities. Trees shall be replanted on 9-foot centers outside of the pipe exclusion
zone (typically within 10 to 15 feet of the pipe); shrub understory shall be replanted on 4-
foot to 6-foot centers. Select woody plant species typical of the setting (based on pre-
construction conditions or adjacent, undisturbed reference site, if available). Plant native
trees, shrubs, or emergents outside of construction zone as feasible (ownership, land use,
native plant community structure, etc.) within riparian and wetland areas to enhance
previously degraded conditions.
3.2.2 Streams and Riparian Areas
Trench backfill in the channel shall be completed with an 18-inch layer of assorted clean,
washed river rock between 0.25 inch and 6.0 inches in diameter or as recommended by
agency fisheries biologists and hydrologist/geomorphologist. The charrnel shall be re-
contoured to maintain original habitat type frequencies (i.e., pool, riffle). All material
placed in the charrnel (gravels, rock, etc. or woody debris) should be clean to avoid a
flush of sediment when water flow is restored to the charrnel.
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Best Management Practices Frameovork Utility Maintenance and Repair
If necessary for erosion-related concerns, reintroduced flows shall be routed through a
system of physical baffles composed of materials such as carefully placed brush piles or
bales of sterile straw. These structures should be in place before any diversion dams or
water coffers are removed.
Any disturbed streambanks shall be stabilized and restored to original contours.
'.
Rock should be used only when it is the most viable method that will provide adequate
bank stabilization. Bio-engineering shall be incorporated into streambank rock
placement, where feasible.
Routine vegetation maintenance activities shall not occur (i.e., mowing) in native plant
areas.
Jute or coconut ( coir) fabric netting shall be used as necessary to provide additional
erosion protection and stabilization until vegetation emerges through the netting.
3.2.3 Wetlands
Where surface water is not present restoration of hydrology may simply consist of
ceasing the use of dewatering wells and allowing the local groundwater levels to return to
normal depths.
Routine vegetation maintenance activities (i.e., mowing) shall not occur in native plant
areas.
3.2.4 Steep Slopes
Jute or coconut ( coir) fabric netting or other commercially available erosion control
blankets shall be used as necessary to provide additional erosion protection and
stabilization on steep slopes prior to revegetation measures. Prepare soil for
hydroseeding before placing erosion control netting. Netting shall be placed over
disturbed soil and laid parallel to the direction of drainage. Hydroseed over the netting.
Topsoils shall be tracked in place with the equipment running perpendicular to the slope
contours so the track marks provide a texture to help resist erosion.
Slopes steeper than 3H: 1 V shall be compacted in accordance with ordinary geotechnical
specifications and the surface roughened prior to seeding in such a manner so that surface
runoff does not become channeled and settlement does not occur. Compaction of
excavated area should try to achieve same soil density as adjacent native soils
24
Best Management Practices Framework Utility Maintenance and Repair
Erosion control measures shall be maintained on steep slopes until native vegetation is
reestablished. Vegetative cover shall be restored on steep slopes through the use of
mulch, hydroseed, and/or native woody plantings.
Use native seed for hydroseeding where available and feasible.
3.2.5 Post-Construction Monitoring ., .
Monitor, at least annually, for a 3-year period (or period required by regulatory agencies)
to determine:
• Ninety percent cover at all seeded and mulched areas after the first growing
season and 1 00 percent cover after the second growing season.
• Survival rate of 70 percent of planted nursery stock in wetland and riparian
areas.
• Evidence of restored wetland hydrology (i.e., re-establishment of pre-project
contours, drainage patterns, and inundation levels; no change in plant species
composition or plant health within wetland habitats).
• Restored stream banks are stable.
• Vegetation and erosion control features and materials in restored habitats are
providing sufficient physical stability to prevent erosion.
• Targeted habitat conditions have been restored
Monitoring for potential post -construction impacts to streams and steep slopes should be
done during period of highest erosion potential (wet season). Monitoring for impacts to
wetlands should occur during early spring and dry season in the first year following
construction. Subsequent monitoring may be limited to the dry season if adequate
wetland hydrology was observed the first post-construction year.
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GLOSSARY
Appurtenances (as in piping and appurtenances) -Materials required to successfully
install and complete a piping system, including any miscellaneous items that are not
identified separately. Appurtenances may include such items as pipe jointing materials
(bolts, gaskets, glands), pipe restraints, wall mounting hardware for pipes within vaults,
pipe locating tape and wire, and manhole ladders or other hardware inside manholes~ ., .
Backfill-refill excavated area with native or imported material.
Buffer -zone contiguous with a sensitive area required to maintain function and
structural stability of a sensitive area (open water body, wetland, or steep slope).
Channel migration zone (CMZ) -the area where the active channel of a stream is prone
to move and which represents a potential near-term loss of riparian habitat adjacent to the
stream.
Cured-in-Place Pipe (CIPP) -Method of repairing existing pipe by inverting a resin
impregnated flexible tube into an existing line using hydrostatic head or air pressure. The
resin is then cured using heat to form a new pipe inside the host pipe.
Dry season -the beginning of July through the end of September (or as defined by the
Services)
Emergency-water line or sewer line failure (e.g., pipe break, pump station or lift station
failure).
Fold-and-Form Lining-Method of repairing existing pipe by inserting a heated PVC or
HDPE thermoplastic liner, folded or deformed into aU-shape, into an existing sewer and
rerounding the liner using heat and pressure.
Heavy rain storm-0.5 inches of rain within a 24 hour period.
Inflow and Infiltration (I&I) -Water that enters a sewer system through indirect
(infiltration) and direct (inflow) means. Infiltration is extraneous ground water that enters
the sewer system though leaking joints, cracks, and breaks, or porous walls. Inflow is
storm water that enters the sewer system from storm drain connections (catch basins), roof
leaders, foundation and basement drains, or through manhole covers.
Pipe backfill -material used to support pipes in trenches that can adequately transfer
loads away from the pipe to the surrounding soils and prevent settlement; generally
sandy, gravelly soil is used for pipe backfill because it is one of the most compactible
materials.
Best Management Practices Framework Utility Maintenance and Repair
Pipe bursting -Trenchless method of replacing an existing pipe by fragmenting the
existing pipe and pushing it into the surrounding soil by pulling a bursting head or
mandrel through the line. A new pipe (typically butt-fused HDPE) of equal or larger
diameter is pulled behind the bursting head. New manholes are usually provided at the
insertion and withdrawal pits.
Quarry spalls -angular mined rock.
'.
Riparian area-stream, lake, or tidewater buffer.
Sensitive area -area requiring special consideration and protection (e.g., streams,
wetlands, tidelands, steep slopes, erosion hazards, coal mine hazards).
Services -National Marine Fisheries Services (NMFS) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service (USFWS)
Slip lining -Method of repairing existing pipe by inserting a new pipe of a smaller
diameter into an existing host pipe. The new pipe is either continuous (typically butt-
fused HDPE) or segmented (typically PVC, ductile iron, or HDPE).
Soil freezing -Method of construction that minimizes dewatering and extra shoring
requirements. Process involves drilling holes into the ground in a bowl shape around the
area to be excavated, inserting self contained tubes into the holes, and then circulating
super cooled fluid through the tubes in order to freeze the ground.
Steep slope -slopes of 40 percent gradient or greater.
Trenchless construction -Methods of construction that requires limited or no ground
excavation. Examples of trenchless construction include sliplining, cured in place piping,
fold and form lining, pipe bursting, microtunneling, and horizontal directional drilling.
TV'ing-Method of inspecting existing sewer mains by pulling a video camera through
the pipe. The camera is typically inserted at a manhole and pulled through the pipe to the
next manhole, video taping the condition of the pipe as it goes.
Wet area-any area such as a creek, wetland or ponded area.
Wet season -the beginning of October through the end of June (or as defined by the
Services).
WDFW-Washington State Department ofFish and Wildlife
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