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AN ORDINANCE of the City Council of the
City of Kent, Washington, relating to fire impact
fees; establishing a framework for the adoption of
a fire impact fee program by the City; requiring
the execution of an interlocal agreement between
the City and the Kent Fire Department Regional
Fire Authority (RFA) governing the operation of the
fire impact fee program; providing for the adoption
of fire district capital facilities plans as an element
of the City's Comprehensive Plans allowing
collection of impact fees by the City on new
development affecting fire protection facilities;
providing the formula for calculation of the fee
schedule; describing the procedures for credit,
appeal and refunds, all as authorized by the
Growth Management Act, Chapter 36.70A RCW,
along with RCW 82.02.050 through 82.02.100;
and amending Title 12 of the Kent City Code by
adding a new Chapter 12.15.
RECITALS
A. The City Council of the City of Kent (��Council") finds that
adequate fire protection facilities should be provided to serve the
population generated from new development in the City.
B. To ensure that fire protection facilities are available to
accommodate expected growth when needed, the Council recognizes the
cost of new fire protection facilities must be shared by the public and
private sectors, but the imposition of fire protection impact fees upon
1 Fire Impact Fee
Amend Title 12
developers cannot exceed the proportionate share of the expense of fire
protection facilities reasonably related to the impacts of new development,
pursuant to Chapter 36.70A RCW, the Growth Management Act (GMA),
along with RCW sections 82.02.050 through 82.02.100.
C. An organized framework must be adopted for the
determination and analysis of the Kent Fire Department Regional Fire
Authority's need for impact fees to partially fund fire protection facilities
necessitated by new development and to allow the imposition and
collection of those fees through collaboration between the City of Kent and
the Kent Fire Department Regional Fire Authority.
NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF KENT,
WASHINGTON, DOES HEREBY ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS:
ORDINANCE
SECTION 1. -Amendment. Title 12 of the Kent City Code, entitled
"Planning and Land Development," is hereby amended by adding a new
Chapter 12.15, entitled "Fire Impact Fees" as follows:
Sec. 12.15.010. Findings and authority. The city council of the
city of Kent hereby finds and determines that continuing growth and
development in the city of Kent will create additional demands and need
for fire protection facilities. The Council further finds that the Washington
State Growth Management Act (Chapter 36.70A RCW) authorizes cities to
require that new growth and development pay a proportionate share of the
cost to partially fund fire protection facilities needed to serve the new
growth and development.
2 Fire Impact Fee
Amend Title 12
Therefore, pursuant to Chapter 82.02 RCW, the council adopts this chapter
to assess fire impact fees. The provisions of this chapter shall be liberally
construed in order to carry out the purposes of the council in establishing
the fire impact fee program.
Sec. 12.15.020. Definitions. The following words and terms shall
have the following meanings for the purpose of this chapter:
A. Capita/ facilities and equipment plan means the RFA's capital
improvement plan adopted by the RFA's governing board consisting of.
1. An inventory of existing capital facilities and equipment
owned by the RFA, their locations, and capacities;
2. An identification of demands expected to be placed on
existing fire protection facilities and equipment by the impacts of projected
new development over atwenty-year period;
3. A forecast of future capital facilities and equipment necessary
to meet the RFA's adopted level of service with the increased service
demand of future growth within the RFA;
4. The proposed locations of expanded or new capital facilities
and equipment and the associated timeline for construction or expansion;
5. At least a six-year financing component, updated as
necessary to maintain at least a six-year forecast period, for financing
needed fire protection facilities within projected funding levels, and
identifying sources of financing for such purposes, including bond issues;
F1iCl
3 Fire Impact Fee
Amend Title 12
6. Any other long range projects planned by the RFA.
B. City means the city of Kent.
C. Developer means the person or entity that owns or holds purchase
options or other development control over property for which development
activity is proposed.
D. Development activity means any residential or commercial
construction or expansion of a building, structure or use, any change in
use of a building or structure, or any change in the use of land that creates
additional demand for fire protection facilities.
E Director means the city of Kent economic and community
development director or the director's designee.
F. Encumbered means impact fees identified by the RFA as being
committed as part of the funding for a fire protection facility for which the
publicly funded share has been assured or building permits sought or
construction contracts let.
G. Fire protection facilities means fully equipped fire stations,
administrative offices, training grounds and structures, maintenance
facilities and other specialized facilities required for the RFA to locate,
house or expedite the timely arrival of firefighting and emergency medical
equipment, fire suppression equipment, and the staff necessary to deliver
emergency response services within the RFA's service area.
H. Interlocal agreement means the agreement between the RFA and
the city, governing the operation of the fire impact fee program and
describing the relationship, duties and liabilities of the parties.
4 Fire Impact Fee
Amend Title 12
I. Impact fee means a payment of money imposed upon development
as a condition of development approval to pay for fire protection facilities
needed to serve new growth and development that is reasonably related to
the new development that creates additional demand and need for fire
protection facilities, that is a proportionate share --of the cost of the fire
protection facilities, and that is used for facilities that reasonably benefit
the new development. "Impact fee" does not include a reasonable permit
or application fee.
J. Impact fee schedu/e means the table of impact fees to be charged
per unit of development, computed by the formula adopted under this
chapter, indicating the standard fee amount per dwelling unit or per
commercial development that shall be paid as a condition of development
within the city.
K. Levels) of service means the standards adopted by the RFA for the
delivery of fire and emergency medical response services, as set forth in
the RFA's adopted standard of cover and reflected in the capital facilities
and equipment plan.
L. Mitigation and leve/ of service policy means the policy adopted by
the RFA and used to guide the mitigation of impacts imposed by new
development upon the RFA's ability to deliver services. The policy
supports approval of development through appropriate mitigations that
safeguard the community.
M. RFA means the Kent Fire Department Regional Fire Authority, a
Washington State municipal corporation established and operating
pursuant to Chapter 52.26 RCW.
5 Fire Impact Fee
Amend Tit/e i2
N. Standard or cover or SOC means the written risk evaluation and
standards of service document maintained by the RFA in compliance with
international accreditation through the Center for Public Safety Excellence.
Sec. 12.15.030. Impact fee —Applicability. Impact fees, based
on the RFA's capital facilities and equipment plan adopted by the city
council, shall be required for all development activity requiring city review
and approval where the activity requires the issuance of a residential or
commercial building permit. The impact fees shall be assessed and
collected for each type of construction when the permit is issued, as
provided for in this chapter.
Sec. 12.15.040. Exemptions.
A. The following development activities are exempt from the
requirements of this chapter.
1. Shelters or dwelling units for temporary placement, which
provide housing to persons on a temporary basis not exceeding two
weeks;
2. Rebuilding or remodeling of a legally established structure
destroyed or damaged by fire, flood, explosion, act of nature or other
accident or catastrophe, provided that a building permit for the rebuilding
or remodeling is issued within one year after the damage or destruction
occurs. The exemption shall not apply to any additional structure or
expansion of the original square footage that is proposed to be built on the
same tax parcel on which the structure that was damaged or destroyed is
being rebuilt or remodeled;
6 Fire Impact Fee
Amend Tifle 12
3. Projects in which existing dwelling units are converted into
condominium ownership and where no new dwelling units are created;
4. Any development activity that is exempt from the payment of
an impact fee pursuant to RCW 82.02.100(1), as amended;
5. Any development activity for which fire impacts have been
mitigated pursuant to a voluntary agreement entered into with the RFA to
pay fees, dedicate land or construct or improve fire protection facilities,
provided that the agreement predates the effective date of fee imposition;
6. Any development of two hundred square feet or less that does
not use or store hazardous materials that would create a life safety risk;
7. Alteration of an existing nonresidential structure that does not
expand the useable space and that does not involve a change in use;
8. Demolition of or moving an existing structure within the city
from one site to another;
9. Miscellaneous improvements that do not create additional
demands and need for fire protection facilities, including, but not limited
to, construction of accessory structures, as defined in KCC 15.02.005,
fences, walls, swimming pools and signs;
10. Alteration, expansion or remodeling of an existing dwelling or
accessory residential structure where the use is not changed;
11. Construction of an accessory dwelling unit on a parcel with an
existing single-family dwelling unit; provided, however, that this shall only
7 Fire Impact Fee
Amend Title 12
exempt the construction from two thirds of the normal residential impact
fee that would otherwise apply; and
12. A development permit for a City project.
B. Pursuant to RCW 82.02.100(2), where automatic fire sprinklers are
installed in single-family residential occupancies, a reduced fee equal to
seventy percent of the impact fee shall serve to mitigate the costs of
needed EMS and rescue resources.
C. The director shall be authorized to determine whether a particular
development activity falls within an exemption identified in this chapter, or
is exempt pursuant to other applicable law. Determinations of the director
shall be subject to the appeals procedures set forth in KCC 12.15.110.
Sec. 12.15.050. Interlocal agreement between the city and
the RFA. As a condition of the city's authorization and adoption of a fire
impact fee ordinance, the city and the RFA shall enter into an interlocal
agreement governing the operation of the fire impact fee program, and
describing the relationship and liabilities of the parties thereunder.
Sec. 12.15.060. Submission of RFA capital facilities and
equipment plan and data.
A. On an annual basis, the RFA shall submit the following materials to
the city council:
1. The RFA's capital facilities and equipment plan (as defined in
KCC 12.15.020(A)) as adopted by the RFA's governing board. The capital
facilities and equipment plan shall contain asix-year financing component
as set forth in KCC 12.15.020(A);
8 Fire Impact Fee
Amend Title 12
2I The RFA's growth projections over the next six years;
3. The RFA's standard of service;
4. The RFA's overall capacity to meet levels of service over the
next six years, and the expected service improvements from fire protection
facilities planned by the RFA but not yet built or implemented, and
5. An inventory of the RFA's existing facilities.
B. To the extent that the RFA's levels of service identify a deficiency in
its existing facilities, the RFA's capital facilities and equipment plan must
identify the sources of funding other than impact fees, for building or
acquiring the necessary facilities to serve the existing population in order
to eliminate the deficiencies within a reasonable period of time.
C. Facilities to meet future demand shall be designed to meet the RFA's
adopted levels of service. If sufficient funding is not projected to be
available to fully fund facilities which meet the adopted levels of service,
the RFA's capital facilities and equipment plan should document the reason
for the funding gap, and identify all sources of funding and mitigation that
the RFA plans to use to meet the adopted levels of service.
D. The RFA shall also submit an annual report to the city council
showing the capital improvements which were serviced in whole or in part
by the impact fees.
Sec. 12.15.070. Annual Council review. On an annual basis,
the city council shall review the information submitted by the RFA pursuant
to KCC 12.15.060(A)(1) and consider whether to adopt the same. The city
9 Fire Impact Fee
Amend Title 12
council's review and possible adoption shall occur in conjunction with any
update of the capital facilities element of the city's comprehensive plan
that occurs concurrently with the adoption or amendment of the city's
budget.
Sec. 12.15.080. Impact fee program elements.
A. Impact fees will be assessed on every new structure in the city for
which a fee schedule has been established.
B. Concurrently with the city's assessment of impact fees, the RFA will
assess the proposed development's total impacts using the guidance of the
RFA's mitigation and level of service policy. If it is determined by this
policy that impact fees alone will not address fire service concurrency
within a reasonable time, additional mitigations may be required to reduce
development impacts. Subsequently, impact fees may or may not be
reduced depending upon the mitigations imposed.
C. Consistent with RCW 82.02.050 through 82.02.100, any impact fee
imposed shall be reasonably related to the impact caused by the
development and shall not exceed a proportionate share of the cost of the
system improvements that are reasonably related to the development.
D. The impact fee shall be based on the capital facilities and equipment
pIan developed by the RFA and approved by the RFA governing board, and
adopted by reference by the city as part of the capital facilities element of
the comprehensive plan for the purpose of establishing the fee program.
10 Fire Impact Fee
Amend Tit/e 12
Sec. 12.15.090. Fee calculations.
A. The fee shall be calculated based on a RFA -wide basis using the
appropriate factors and data to be supplied by the RFA as indicated in
Attachment A of the RFA's mitigation and level of service policy using the
formula set out in Appendix A of Attachment A, adopted herein by
reference.
B. Separate fees shall be calculated for single-family, multifamily,
commercial/industrial, assisted care and hospital and medical facilities, and
other facilities as identified in Attachment A. For the purpose of this
chapter, mobile homes and manufactured homes shall be treated as
single-family dwellings and duplexes shall be treated as multifamily
dwellings.
C. The formula in Attachment A provides for a credit where creditable
mitigations are implemented or where voluntary agreements between the
RFA and developer provide for fire protection facilities, fire facility sites, or
other related developer contributions that the RFA finds acceptable.
D. The city may also impose an application fee, as established by
council resolution, to cover the reasonable costs of administration of the
impact fee program.
Sec. 12.15.100 Assessment and collection of impact fees.
A. At the time of issuance of a building permit by the city, including a
permit for a manufactured home, the fire impact fee shall be assessed
based on the impact fee schedule then in effect as calculated in
Attachment A. The impact fee and the application fee, if any, shall be
11 Fire Impact Fee
Amend Tit/e 12
collected by the city, and maintained in separate accounts. All fire impact
fees shall be paid to the RFA from the fire impact fee account monthly. If
the city imposes an application fee, the city shall retain the application fees
associated with the city's administration of the impact fee program.
B. Collection of fire impact fees may be deferred upon the city's
adoption of a deferral ordinance pursuant to ESB 5923.
Sec, 12.15.110. Determination of the fee — Adjustments —
Exception —Appeals.
A. The director shall determine the amount of the fire impact fee,
baseA
upon the schedule provided by the RFA.
B. The developer shall be entitled to a credit for the value of any
dedication of land for, improvement to, or new construction of any system
improvements provided by the developer, to fire protection facilities that
are identified in the capital facilities plan that are required by the city as a
condition of approving the development.
C. The standard impact fees may be adjusted in one of the following
circumstances:
1. The developer demonstrates that an impact fee assessment
was improperly calculated; or
2. Where unusual circumstances are identified by the director,
developer, or RFA, the fee may be adjusted in specific cases to ensure that
imPau t fees are imposed fairly. Adjustments will be determined jointly by
the director and the RFA's designee.
12 Fire Impact Fee
Amend Title 12
D. In cases where a developer requests an independent fee calculation,
adjustment exception or a credit pursuant to RCW 82.02.060(6), the
director shall consult with the RFA and the RFA shall advise the director
prior to making the final impact fee determination.
E. A developer may provide studies and data to demonstrate that any
particular factor used by the RFA may not be appropriately applied to the
development proposal.
F. Any appeal of the decision of the director with regard to fee
amounts shall follow the process for the appeal of the underlying
development application.
G. Impact fees may be paid under protest in order to obtain a building
permit or a manufactured home permit.
Sec. 12.15.120. Impact fee accounts and refunds.
A. Impact fee receipts shall be earmarked specifically and retained in a
special interest bearing account established by the RFA solely for the RFA's
fire impact fees. All interest shall be retained in the account and expended
for the purpose or purposes for which impact fees were imposed. Annually,
the RFA, based in part on its report prepared pursuant to KCC 12.15.060,
shall prepare a report on the impact fee account showing the source and
amount of all moneys collected, earned or received, and capital or system
improvements that were financed in whole or in part by impact fees. The
RFA shall submit a copy of this report to the city council annually. The city
shall maintain a separate fire impact fee account and, if applicable, an
administration fee account pursuant to KCC 12.15.100. The city's finance
department shall, upon request from the RFA, provide a memo to the city
13 Fire Impact Fee
Amend Title Y2
council which will include an accounting of the annual amount of all fire
impact fees collected and transferred to the RFA.
B. Impact fees for the RFA's system improvements shall be expended
by the RFA only in conformance with the RFA's adopted capital facilities
and equipment plan element of the comprehensive plan.
C. Impact fees shall be expended or encumbered by the RFA for a
permissible use within ten years of when the fees were paid, unless there
exists an extraordinary or compelling reason for fees to be held longer
than ten years. Such extraordinary or compelling reasons shall be
identified to the city by the RFA in a written report. The city council shall
identify the RFA's extraordinary and compelling reasons for the fees to be
held longer than ten years in the council's own written findings.
D. The current owner of property on which an impact fee has been paid
may receive a refund of such fees if the impact fees have not been
expended or encumbered within ten years of receipt of the funds by the
RFA on fire protection facilities intended to benefit the development
activity for which the impact fees were paid. In determining whether
impact fees have been encumbered, impact fees shall be considered
encumbered on a first in, first out basis. The RFA shall notify potential
claimants by first class mail deposited with the United States postal service
addressed to the owner of the property as shown in the county tax
records.
E. An owner's request for a refund must be submitted to the RFA in
writing within one year of the date the right to claim the refund arises or
the date that notice is given, whichever date is later. Any impact fees that
are not expended or encumbered by the RFA in conformance with the
capital facilities and equipment plan within these time limitations, and for
14 Fire Impact Fee
Amend Title 12
which no application for a refund has been made within this one-year
period, shall be retained and expended consistent with the provisions of
this section. Refunds of impact fees shall include any interest earned on
the impact fees.
F. Should the city seek to terminate any or all fire impact fee
requirements, all unexpended or unencumbered funds, including interest
earned, shall be refunded to the current owner of the property for which a
fire impact fee was paid. Upon the finding that any or all fee requirements
are to be terminated, the city shall place notice of such termination and
the availability of the refunds in a newspaper of general circulation at least
two times and shall notify all potential claimants by first class mail
addressed to the owner of the property as shown in the county tax
records. All funds available for refund shall be retained for a period of one
year. At the end of one year, any remaining funds shall be retained by the
RFA, but must be expended by the RFA, consistent with the provisions of
this section. The notice requirement set forth above -shall not apply if there
are no unexpended or unencumbered balances with the account or
accounts being terminated.
G. A developer may request and shall receive a refund, including
interest earned on the impact fees paid, when.
1. The developer does not proceed to finalize the development
activity as required by statute or city code, including the international
building code; and
2. No impact on the RFA has resulted.
H. Interest due upon the refund of impact fees required by this section
shall be calculated according to the average amount received by the RFA
15 Fire Impact Fee
Amend Title 12
on invested funds throughout the period during which the fees were
retained.
SECTION 2, -Severability. If one or more sections, subsections, or
sentences of this ordinance is held to be unconstitutional or invalid, that
decision will not affect the validity of the remainder of this ordinance and it
will remain in full force and effect.
SECTION 3, -Corrections by City Clerk or Code Reviser. Upon
approval of the city attorney, the city clerk and the code reviser may make
necessary corrections to this ordinance, including the correction of clerical
errors; ordinance, section, or subsection numbering; or references to other
local, state or federal laws, codes, rules, or regulations.
SECTION 4. -Effective Date. This ordinance shall take effect and
be in force thirty days from and after its passage, as provided by law.
ATTEST:
BRUBAKER, CITY ATTORNEY
i6 Fire Impact Fee
Amend Title Y2
PASSED: day of , 2015.
If
APPROVED: day of Se
2 eAn d r , 2015.
2015.
PUBLISHED: day of ,
passed by the city council of the city of Kent, Washington, and approved
by the Mayor of the city of Kent as hereon
P:\Cir�I\Ordinnnce�Fire Ln7nct Fez Amend 12.dacs
Y7
icated
1
Fire Impact Fee
Amend Title 12
fijjW4j'.TQLrj r4 71k� WA
I3��_TS1:1 a 14 ► k i_1
Kent Fire Department Regional Fire
Authority
Mitigation and Level of Service Policy
Prepared For:
Kent Fire Department Regional Fire Authority
24611116TH Ave SE
Kent, WA 98030
Prepared B�:
Captain Larry Rabel
Kent Fire Department Regional Fire Authority
Wit12 Assistance From:
Deputy Chief I<en Weatherill
Kent Fire Department Regional Fire Authority and;
Deployment Dynamics Group LLC
Auburn, WA 98092
August 2011
This policy has been designed with two distinct purposes in mind, first to inform the lad
reader regarding issues critical to maintaining fire service concurrency and second, to
provide guidance to Kent Fire Department Regional Fire Authority's staff in implementing
appropriate mitigations necessary for maintaining fire service concurrency within the Kent
Fire Department Regional Fire Authority service area. The basis for impact and level of
service contribution fees is derived from the revenues needed to maintain Kent Fire
Department Regional Fire Authority's 2014-2033
Capital Improvement Plan. Data used in
development of this polio was supplied b� Kent Fire Department Regional Fire Authority.
ii
iii
ATTACHMENT A
Table of Contents
1. Acronyms.......................................................................................................................... 2
2. Definitions.. 408000 $ 0 $*84*6644 a**@ a a 0 a oto $00000 64000$ 6 6 646666666 a 6 6 a # a 0 6 0 0 * a 0 a 0 a a 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 s s 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 02
2.1. Call Stacking, 2
2.2. Concentration, 2
2.3. Concurrency:..............................................................................................................2
2.4. Distribution, 3
2.5. Drive Time, 3
2.6. Effective Response Force:.......................................................................................... 3
2.7. Fire Impact Fee:......................................................................................................... 3
2.8. Fire Level of Service Fees 3
2.9. Fire Service Concurrency:.......................................................................................... 3
2.10. First-in:...................................................................................................................3
2.11
2.12
2..
Full First Alarm :
13
Fractile Performance:...............................................................................
..........................................................................
Level of Service:.................................................................-:::0000.
.. 3
.. 3
2.14. Reliability:..............................................................................................................4
2.15. Resource Exhaustion. ............................................................................................. 4
2.16. Responses 4
2.17. Standard of Covers 00*00 **too* 0 09498009 6 6 6 a too@*@ @to 6 @@to 4
3. Concurrency Policy Statement,. 00 68 a$ 0 9*0000 0 0 9 0009404se 00869 6 0 @too 0 0*0
5
4. Purpose Statement............................................................................................................. 5
5. Consistency with other Plans and Policies, 6
6.
Introduction, 6
7. The Importance of Time and Fire Service Measures........................................................ 6
7.3. Fire Department Total Reflex Time Sequence........................................................... 7
7.3.1.1. Dispatch time:................................................................................................. 7
7.3.1.3. Response/Drive time, 7
7.3.1.4. Access time. 7
7.3.1.5. Setup time.
....................................................................................................... 7
7.4. Flashover.................................................................................................................... 8
7.5. Consequences of Flashover...................................................................................... 10
7.6. Brain Death in allon-Breathing Patient.................................................................. 11
8. National Fire Service Standards for Performance :.............................0606........................ 12
iv
ANN, G9 23T 4 1 WA
8.1. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard 1710 ................................. 12
8.2. Center for Public Safety Excellence Standards of Response Coverage ................... 13
9. State and Local Standards............................................................................................... 17
9.1. Washington State Law............................................................................................. 17
9.2. King County Standards............................................................................................ 17
9.3. City Kent Response Standards................................................................................. 17
9.4. KFDRFA's LOS Standard....................................................................................... 17
10. Local Restriction on Level of Service......................................................................... 19
11. Need for Mitigation of Development Impacts............................................................. 19
12. Determining Development Impacts............................................................................. 20
12.1. Concepts of Fire Service Capacity and Cascading Failure. 20
12.2. Components of Response* 6 0 0 a * 0 f a 0 0 9 0 * 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 $ a A * 6 a & a 0 a a a 0 4 * 0 * 0 0 0 9 0 * 0 0 a 6 9 a 0 0 6 * & a a a 6 6 * 0 * 0 a 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 9 s 6 a 6 a 0 a 6 21
12.3. Effect of Development on Fire System Performance:.........................................6 21
12.4. Mitigation Actions Required. 6 a a a # 6 0 a 0 0 a f 0 0 0 * 0 9 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 & 0 6 6 6 6 a 0 a a 0 4 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 a 0 22
12.5. Mitigation Options:............................................................................................... 23
13. Developer Agreements Required........................................::::.................................... 24
14. Mitigation Methodology and Fee Application:............................................................ 26
14.1. New Development Assessment:........................................................................... 26
14.1.1. Impact Fees & Mitigations............................................................................ 26
14.1.2. Level of Service Fees &Mitigations............................................................. 27
14.1.3. Impact and Level of Service Fee Reduction. 27
14.1.4. Fee Payment Policy. . 6 6 0 0 0 * 0 0 0 * 6 0 4 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a a a 0 a 0 0 a a * 0 0 f a 0 4 9 9 9 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 a a 0 6 a 6 a a 0 a 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 9 0 9 0 0 27
14.1.4.4. Fee Exempt Properties. 29
14.1.4.5. Agreements:...............................................................................................29
15. Assurance of Adequate Provisions for Public Safety, Limitations, Intent of
Concurrency:........................................................................................................................... 30
16. Policy Review and Adjustment:................................................................................... 31
Appendix— A.......................................................................................................................... 32
AppendixB............................................................................................................................. 34
v
14TITC1
1
Table of jZuresFigure 1: Photo of a Witnessed Flashover ................................................. 8
Figure 2: Time vs. Products of Combustion........................................................................... 10
Figure 3: Cardiac Survival Rate........ a 0 0 0 0 6 6 0 a 0 a 6 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 a a 0 a 6 6 6 a a a a a a 0 0 6 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 a a a 6 6 0 0 0 0 a 0 6 a a 0 a a 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 a 11
Figure 4: Cardiac Survival with CPR and Defibrillation........................................................ 12
Figure 5: Community Definitions and Performance Expectations ......................................... 15
Figure 6: KFDRFA Turnout Time Performance Objectives .................................................. 18
Figure 7: KFDRFA Baseline Drive Time Performance Objectives ....................................... 18
Figure 8: KFDRFA Benchmark Drive Time Performance Objectives.. **off 94006666 6 6 a Possess a 18
Figure 9: KFDRFA Reliability Objectives............................................................................. 19
vi
ATTACHMENT A
ATTACHMENT A
ALS: Advanced Life Support
BLS: Basic Life Support
C&E: Capital and Equipment
CFAI: Commission on Fire Accreditation International
CPSE: Center for Public Safety Excellence
EMS: Emergency Medical Services
ERF: Effective Response Force
AFC: International Association of Fire Chiefs
ICMA: International City/County Management Association
ISO: Insurance Services Office
KFDRFA: Kent Fire Department Regional Fire Authority
LOS: Level of Service
NFPA: National Fire Protection Association
SOC: Standard of Cover
1• �
2.1. Call Stacking: Refers to the occurrence of simultaneous emergency calls. Call
stacking occurs when more than one request for emergency assistance occurs
within the same fire station service area. When this occurs, the primary response
unit cannot answer the second emergency and a second fire unit from the same
station must respond or a fire unit from a fire station much farther away responds.
2.2. Concentration: Refers to the deployment of multiple fire and rescue resources
from within afire service jurisdiction so that the proper number of resources
needed for all types of emergency incidents can be assembled at the scene of an
emergency within the defined level of service time.
2.3. Concurrency: Concurrency refers to the twelfth goal of the Washington State
Growth Management Act1 which requires. public facilities and services necessary
for public safety to be adequate to serve new development without decreasing
current service levels below locally established minimum standards.
1 Found in RCW 36.70A.020
ATTACHMENT A
2.4. Distribution: The deployment or "distribution" of fire stations and resources
across a fire service jurisdiction so that the adopted first -in drive time standard for
fire and rescue resources can be achieved.
2.5. Drive Time: The elapsed time needed for an emergency vehicle to travel to a
dispatched address. Drive time begins when the wheels of a fire apparatus begin to
roll in response to a dispatch and ends when the apparatus is parked at the scene of
the dispatched address.
2.6. Effective Response Force: Refers to the number of resources and personnel
needed to effectively provide fire or emergency medical services. The number of
resources malting up an effective response force varies by type of emergency.
2.7. Fire Impact Fee: A fee authorized under Chapter 82.02 RCW that is assessed on
new development to pay a proportionate share of the costs associated with
maintaining fire service concurrency inside of a jurisdiction that has adopted fire
impact fees. Fire Impact fees must be adopted and authorized by the local land use
authority (City of Covington, Kent, or King County).
2.8. Fire Level of Service Fee: A fee that is used to mitigate the direct impacts new
development has upon fire services inside of a jurisdiction that has not adopted fire
impact fees. Fire level of service fees are consistent with the Growth Management
Act and applied through the SEPA process or in cooperation with the authority
having permitting jurisdiction under RCW 54.18.110.
2.9. Fire Service Concurrency: See Concurrency
2.10. First -in: Refers to the first fire and rescue resource to arrive at the scene of an
emergency. Distribution performance is a measure of first -in drive time.
2.11. Fractile Performance: Refers to the percentage of time a specified performance
expectation is achieved. If an emergency response drive time of 5 minutes is
achieved on 82 of 100 responses, the fractile performance would be 82%.
2.12. Full First Alarm: Refers to the number of fire resources and personnel assigned to
a specific alarm type that is capable of assembling an effective response force.
2.13. Level of Service: Level of service (LOS) refers to the Kent Fire Department's
adopted time and performance expectations. Benchmarlt LOS is the targeted goal to
achieve fi
re service concurrency. Baseline LOS is the minimum performance
expectation. Service below baseline in considered response failure. Development
ATTACHMENT A
within areas below baseline performance should be opposed if adequate mitigation
cannot be integrated into the project.
Reliability: Refers to the use of fire resource capacity. For a resource to be reliable,
it must be available to answer emergency calls as least as often as the service
expectation placed upon that resource. For instance, if a fire resource is expected to
deliver service at the adopted standard 90% of the time, then that resource should
be available to respond to an emergency incident from its assigned fire station at
least 90% of the time. Reliability levels below the adopted performance expectation
indicate resource exhaustion.
2.15. Resource Exhaustion: Resource exhaustion occurs when the demand for service
pI
aced upon a fire service resource is so great, that its fractile reliability begins to
fall below the adopted level of service for that resource resulting in the need for
resources from fire stations farther away to respond in place of the resource
experiencing exhaustion. A fire station service area experiencing regular resource
exhaustion will result in longer and longer response times unless additional
resources are added to the fire station serving that area to create more capacity.
2.16. Response: Response refers to the movement of firefighters and fire apparatus to
the scene of an emergency request for fire or emergency medical services. The
request for response is generally issued through Valley Communications Center,
the 9-1-1 answering point for the KFDRFA.
2.17. Standard of Cover: Refers to the in-depth process developed by the Center for
Public Safety Excellence in their accreditation process for the strategic planning of
fire station and fire resource deployment. Standard of Cover is the "Standard" to
which the fire department will deliver service based upon community descriptions
and the risks within those community types.
ATTACHMENT A
Uoneurrency itoficy Statement
ole It is the policy of Kent Fire Department Regional Fire Authority (KFDRFA) to
participate in the orderly growth of the community and to maintain concurrency of
fire and life safety services as the community grows. Concurrency describes the
ideal that service capacity of the KFDRFA shall grow with or stay concurrent with
the impacts of development occurring within the service area. The KFDRFA
recognizes that regional economic vitality depends upon orderly growth and
supports community growth through development and is not opposed to new
development.
3.2. However, new development and the population increase that comes with new
development has a direct impact on the ability of the KFDRFA to maintain adopted
levels of service and adequate public safety concurrently with development.
Consequently, the FDRFA opposes the negati
Kve impacts development imposes
upon level of service performance and directs the Fire Chief to utilize the
mitigation strategies found within this document to mitigate any and all negative
impacts of development that threaten concurrency by reducing service capacity
below the benchmark level of service standards adopted herein.
3.3. The Fire Chief shall cause the evaluation of each development proposed to occur
within the service area. The Chief's evaluation shall identify any adverse impacts
that may affect the KFDRFA's ability to maintain adopted benchmark levels of
service and the mitigation strategies necessary to maintain concurrency with
development. It is the intent of the KFDRFA to recognize when adequate service
capacity exists and to only impose mitigations that are rational and relational to the
impacts of new development upon service capacity.
4.1. The purpose of this policy is to establish guidelines for the implementation of
monetary and non -monetary mitigations appropriate to maintaining fire service
concurrency within the KFDRFA's emergency response area. It is the intent to
utilize the guidelines herein to mitigate the direct impacts of new development
upon the KFDRFA's ability to deliver fire and life safety services in accordance
with its adopted level of service standards. Further, this policy as prepared shall
constitute Growth Management, Impact Fee, State Environmental Protection Act
(S.E.P.A.), and land subdivision Policy as adopted by the Board of Commissioners
of Kent Fire Department Regional Fire Authority.
ATTACHMENT A
5. Consistency with other itlans and 'o
5.1. To ensure that Kent Fire Department Regional Fire Authority (KFDRFA) will be
able to meet the increasing demand for fire protection services resulting from future
development and population growth, this policy utilizes the findings and
conclusions of a number of plans and policies including but not limited to; Dent,
Covington and King County Comprehensive Plans, KFDRFA's Capital Facilities
Plan, Station Location Analysis, Standard of Cover and annual reports required by
Chapter 52.33 RCW.
6.1. The primacy responsibility of the KF'DRFA is the delivery of fire and rescue
services. The delivery of these services ideally originates from fire stations located
throughout the service area. To provide effective service, firefighters must respond
in a minimum amount of time after the incident has been reported and with
sufficient resources to initiate meaningful fire, rescue, or emergency medical
services.
7.1. Time is the critical issue when an emergency is reported. Fire can expand at a rate
of many times its volume per minute and as a result, quick response is critical for
the rescue of occupants and the application of extinguishing agents to minimize
loss. The time segment between fire ignition and the start of fire suppression
activities has a direct relationship to fire loss.
7.2. The delivery of emergency medical services are also time critical. Survival rates for
some types of medical emergencies are dependent upon rapid intervention by
trained emergency medical personnel. In most cases, the sooner trained fire or
emergency medical rescue personnel arrive, the greater the chance for survival and
conservation of property. The importance of time and the critical factors affected
by time are discussed in section 7.3.
ATTACHMENT A
7.3. Fire Department Total Reflex Time Sequence
7.3.1. There are five components of the fire department total reflex time sequence as
defined below:
7.3.1.1. Dispatch time: Amount of time that it takes to receive and process an
emergency call. This includes (1) receiving the call, (2) determining
what the emergency is, (3) verifying where the emergency is located,
(4) determining what resources and fire department units are required
to handle the call, and (5) notifying the fire department units that are to
respond.
7.3.1.2. Turnout time: The time from when fire department units are first
notified of an emergency to the beginning point of response time. This
includes discontinuing and securing the activity firefighters were
involved in at time of dispatch, traveling by foot to their apparatus,
donning appropriate protective clothing and taking a seat -belted
position on the apparatus.
7.3.1.3. Response/Drive time: The time that begins when the wheels of a
response vehicle begin to roll en route to an emergency incident and
ends when wheels of the response vehicle stop rolling upon arrival at
the address of the emergency scene.
7.3.1.4. Access time: Amount of time required for the crew to move from
where the apparatus stops at the address of an emergency incident to
where the actual emergency exists. This can include moving to the
interior or upper stories of a large building and dealing with any
barriers such as locked gates, doors or other restrictions that may slow
aN
cess to the area of the emergency.
7.3.1.5. Setup time: The amount of time required for fire department units to
setup, connect hose lines, position ladders, and prepare to extinguish
the fire. Setup time includes disembarking the fire apparatus, pulling
and placing hose lines, charging hose lines, donning self-contained
breathing apparatus, making access or entry into the building, and
applying water. The opportunity for saving time during setup is
minimal, even for trained personnel.
f
< w
-may
ATTACHMENT A
7.4.4. Over the past 50 years, fire engineers agree that the replacement of wood and
other natural products with plastics and synthetic materials for interior
furnishings has resulted in increased fuel loads, higher fire temperatures and
decreasing time to flashover, making quick response more important than
ever. Flashover can typically occur from less than four (4) to beyond 10
minutes after free burning starts depending upon the air or oxygen supply
available to the fire.
7.4.5. Figure 2: Time vs. Products of Combustion, shows the progression of fire and
how some time frames can be managed by the fire department and some
cannot. The elapsed time from fire ignition to fire report
ing varies but can be
indirectly managed through the use of remotely monitored fire alarm and
suppression systems to help mitigate the growth of fire. These systems can
automatically report the presence of a fire to a public safety answering point
(PSAP) or 9-1-1 center. In a perfect world, all structures would be equipped
with a monitored fire alarm and automatic fire sprinkler system to help reduce
dispatch time and speed the arrival of fire department resources allowing
firefighters to arrive at the scene when fires are smaller and more controllable.
(Intentionally blank to Figure 2)
TIME vs. PRODUCTS of C01 -
x
MONS Based upon ,
EFORE FIRE oll=
^ NORTIIERNI(Lltit)IS
F1kk ItSPEC(()ILS
�.� AS5(1C11i1(�'!
s'i,'
ATTACHMENT A
intense he of flashover. A post -flashover fire burns hotter and moves faster,
compounding the search and rescue problems in the remainder of the structure
at the same time that more firefighters are needed to deal with the much larger
fire problem.
7.5.2. Because of the dramatic change in fire conditions post flashover, all fire based
performance standards attempt to place fire resources on scene of a fire prior
to flashover.
7.6. Brain Death in allon-Breathing Patient
7.6.1. The delivery of emergency medical services (EMS) by first responders is also
time critical for many types of injuries and events. If a person has a heart
attack and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is started within four minutes,
that person's chances of leaving the hospital alive are almost four times
greater than if they did not receive CPR until after four minutes. Exhibit 3
shows the survival rate for heart attack victims when CPR is available.
Figure 3: Cardiac Survival Rate2
�Pi� begun in
4 minutes car lis
�PF2 t��gurE n�re
than 4 minutes
Fter arrest
urviv�l
tats
S�tr�tvnl ltnir al�Ilc�tx>'lrllt€rck 1 ietin%r {€Yrat) �'PR Is.�i�ailrrGl
7.6.2. Chances of survival are increased with the intervention of a cardiac
defibrillator. All KF'DRFA units carry defibrillators. Exhibit 4 shows the
i Source: National Fire Protection Association Handbook Volume 19
ATTACHMENT A
survival rate of a heart attack victim with CPR and defibrillation.
Figure 4: Cardiac Survival with CPR and Defibrination3
(response Time I In#ervenbon vs. Survival
sv
sv
Tifflovdift EMS Responsomme
Detections 9--lli1
Of �...�x' .
Collapses r
8 am
Uiliffmageable 8=8l�
Tho
8. National Fire Service Standards for Performance:
8.1. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard 1710
8.1.1. NFPA 1710 establishes Standards for the Organization and Deployment of
Fire Suppression Operations, Emergency Medical Operations, and Special
Operations to the Public by Career Fire Departments and contains the
following time objectives:
8.1.1.1. Turnout time:
• Fire based response: 1 minute 20 seconds (80 seconds)
• Medical based response: 1 minute 00 seconds (60 seconds)
8.1.1.2. Fire response/drive time: Four minutes (240 seconds) or less for the
arrival of the first arriving engine company at a fire suppression
incident and/or eight minutes (480 seconds) or less for the deployment
of a full fi
rst alarm assignment at a fire suppression incident
a Data Source: King County Emergency Medical Services
ATTACHMENT A
8.1.1.3. First responder or higher emergency medical response/drive time:
Four minutes (240 seconds) or less for the arrival of a unit with first
responder or higher-level capability at an emergency medical incident
8.1.1.4. Advanced life support response/drive time: Eight minutes (480
seconds) or less for the arrival of an advanced life support unit at an
emergency medical incident, where the service is provided by the fire
department
8.1.1.5. The standard NFPA 1710, states that the fire department shall establish
a performance objective of not less than 90 percent for the achievement
of each response time objective. NFPA 1710 also contains a time
objective for dispatch time by requiring that "All communications
facilities, equipment, staffing, and operating procedures shall comply
with NFPA 1221." NFPA 1221 sets the performance standard for
dispatch time at 1 minute (60 seconds) 90 percent of the time.
8.1.1.6. Adding the three separate time segments together, the NFPA expects
the following temporal benchmarks to be performed at least 9 out of
every 10 times from receipt of a 9-1-1 call to the arrival of fire and
EMS resources;
• Fire call
o FirsWn Dispatch = 1:00 + Turnout = 1:20 + Drive = 4:00 = 6:20
o Full alarm Dispatch = 1:00 + Turnout — 1:20 + Drive = 8:00 = 10:20
• EMS — Basic Life Support (BLS)
o First4n Dispatch = 1:00 + Turnout = 1:00 + Drive = 4:00 = 6:00
o Full Alarm Dispatch = 1:00 + Turnout = 1:00 + Drive = 8:00 = 10:00
• EMS — Advanced Life Support (ALS)
o First -in Dispatch =1:00 + Turnout = 1:00 + Drive = 4:00 = 6:00
o Full alarm Dispatch = 1:00 + Turnout = 1:00 + Drive = 8:00 — 10:00
8.2. Center for Public Safety Excellence Standards of Response Coverage
8.2.1. The Center of Public Safety Excellence is a consortium of the International
Association of Fire Chiefs (IAFC), the International City/County Management
Association (ICMA), the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and the
Insurance Services Office (ISO). Together this group has established the
Commission on Fire Accreditation International (CFAI) and criteria for fire
departments to achieve Accredited Agency Status. Critical to achieving
Accredited Agency Status is an assessment of the fire department's ability to
ATTACHMENT A
effectively deliver service. To make this assessment, the CFAI has
established a methodology for; determining the fire service risk of a
community, assessing the fire department's capability compared to risk,
measurement of resource capacity, and guidelines for performance standards
to assess overall capabilities of a fire department. The CFAI publishes this
methodology in its Standards of Cover manual.
8.2.2. The term standard of cover refers to the "standard(s)" to which a fire
department runs daily operations in order to "cover" the service area of the
fire department. The CFAI process for establishing a Standard of Cover has
nine parts that are described below with relevant information to the KFDRFA:
8.2.2.1. Existing deployment assessment: Identifies current inventory of fire
stations, apparatus and staffing. KFDRFA's stations apparatus and
staffing are found in the 2008 fire station study and in the KFDRFA's
Capital Improvement Plan in Section 3, Physical Capital Resources.
8.2.2.2. Review of Community outcome expectations: Ultimately, level of
service standards are driven by the community. The KFDRFA's
standards have been adopted herein and by the Cities of Kent and
Covington in their Comprehensive Plan, both have undergone a public
review and hearing process.
8.2.2.3. Community risk assessment: The CFAI identifies the service area
definitions, and benchmarks and baselines for performance in Figure 5:
Community Definitions and Performance Expectations on the next
page. The Kr RFA provides fire and life safety services to
approximately 173,000 people across 60 square miles and serves rural,
suburban and urban communities.
ATTACHMENT A
Figure 5: Community Definitions and Performance Expectations
8.2.2.4. Distribution of Resources: Fire stations should be distributed so that
resources deployed from them can provide coverage to the response
area within the level of service (LOS) standard established for first -in
fire and rescue units. The KFDRFA's Standard of Cover has revealed
service areas where current fire station deployment cannot meet
adopted service levels.
8.2.2.5. Concentration of Resources: Fire resources should be concentrated
near high demand areas and in large enough numbers of equipment and
personnel to provide an effective response force with the full first alarm
assignment. Because of a lack of resources, KFDRFA often relies on
resources from neighboring fire departments to assemble an effective
response force.
8.2.2.6. Capacity Analysis/Reliability: To achieve an adopted performance
standard, resources must be available or "reliable" at least as often as
their adopted performance expectation. Historic reliability below the
adopted performance standard places the service area in "Resource
Exhaustion" and creates call stacking and simultaneous calls within a
ATTACHMENT A
8.2.2.8.
specific service area. K -F RFA is currently experiencing resource
exhaustion at Stations 71 and 74 where reliability is below 90%.
Historical response effectiveness studies: The percentage of
compliance the existing response system delivers based on current
LOS. Section 4.5 of the KFDRFA Capital Improvement Plan, identifies
historical sub -standard performance.
Prevention and mitigation: Prevention and mitigation directly
impacts the level of safety for responding firefighters and the public.
Using analysis of risk and looking at what strategic mitigations can be
implemented may not only prevent the incident from occurring but may
also minimize the severity when and if the incident ever occurs.
8.2.2.8.1. The KFDRFA works closely with the Cities of Kent and
Covington to reduce risk by providing enforcement of the
International Fire Code. This policy will provide the additional
mitigations necessary to maintain fire service concurrency.
8.2.2.9. Overall evaluation: "In 90 percent of all incidents, the first -due unit
shall arrive within 4 minutes travel or 6 minutes 20 seconds of total
reflex time which includes; dispatch, turnout and response times. The
first -due unit shall be capable of advancing the first hose line for fire
control, starting rescue procedures or providing basic life support for
medical incidents. In a moderate risk area, an initial effective response
force shall arrive within 8 minutes travel or 10 minutes 20 seconds of
total reflex time, 90 percent of the time, and be able to provide 1,500
gallons per minute for firefighting, or be able to handle a five -patient
emergency medical incident." Tables 12, 13 & 14 in the KFDRFA
Capital Improvement Plan, identifies historical sub -standard
performance.
ATTACHMENT A
9. State and Local Standards
9.1. Washington State Law
9.1.1. Chapter 52.33 RCW requires fire departments with paid staff to establish
Level of Service (LOS) policies and performance objectives based on the
arrival of first responders with defibrillation equipment prior to brain death
and the arrival of adequate fire suppression resources prior to flashover. This
law recognizes the NFPA's Standard 1710 and the Commission on Fire
Accreditation International's (CFAI) Standard of Cover as bases for this
statute and requires a 90% performance expectation of the established LOS.
9.2. King County Standards
9.2.1. The King County Comprehensive Plan and Countywide Planning Policies are
based on the concept of concurrency and require that adequate facilities and
services be available or be made available to serve development as it occurs.
The County Comprehensive Plan recognizes the validity of using a response
time analysis in determining appropriate service levels and recognizes the
central role of fire protection districts in providing those services.
9.3. City Kent Response Standards
9.3.1. The Kent Comprehensive Plan has adopted the following fire service response
standards:
9.3.1.1. First due unit for both fire and EMS shall arrive on scene within 7
minutes of initial dispatch 80% of the time
9.3.1.2. Structure Fires: 16 firefighters on scene within 10 minutes of origin of
emergency call 80% of the time.
9.3.1.3. Advanced life support incidents: 5 to 6 first responders on scene within
10 minutes of initial dispatch 80% of the time.
9.4. KFDRFA's LOS Standard
9.4.1. As an Accredited Agency, the KFDRFA has established benchmark and
baseline performance measures following the guidelines established by the
ATTACHMENT A
Center for Public Safety Excellence (CPSE) as published in their 8th edition
of the Commission on Fire Accreditation (CFAI) Self -Assessment Manual.
Benchmark performance represents industry best practices and baseline
performance indicates minimum standards capable of limiting the loss of life
and property. Agencies performing below baseline standards are considered
in response failure and are not considered for Accredited Agency Status by the
CFAI. Performance below benchmark standards can contribute to
unnecessary property and life loss.
Figure 6: KFDRFA Turnout Time Performance Objectives
Figure 7: KI'DRFA Baseline Drive Time Performance Objectives
Community &Performance
Distribution
Mini Concentration
Full Concentrations
Urban @ 90%
5 min, 40 sec
7 min, 05sec
11 min, 00 sec
Suburban @ 90%
6 min, 10 sec
7 min, 10 sec
11 min, 00 sec
Rural @ 90%
6 in, 35 sec
7 min, 30 sec
11 min, 00 sec
Figure 8: KFDRFA Benchmark Drive Time Performance Objectives
4Mini-Concentration force is the arrival of at least three engines to fires or two units for medical incidents.
s Full -Concentration is the arrival of the full first alarm assignment.
e Full -Concentration is the arrival of the full first alarm assignment.
ATTACHMENT A
Figure 9: K11 RFA Reliability Objectives
10. Local Restriction on Level of Service
10.1. The KFDRFA has assessed its ability to deliver service in compliance with
established national standards finding that current deployment will not allow the
department to meet recognized standards. As a result of the level of service
analysis, the KFDRFA has completed a fire station deployment study with a focus
on determining the optimum station location and resource deployment necessary to
achieve effective response times. This study has considered the National Fire
Protection Association's Standard 1710, the Center for Public Safety Excellence's
(CPSE) Standard of Coverage recommendations and Chapter 52.33 RCW in
establishing standards for emergency response.
10.2. Because of resource limitations and budget restrictions, the KFDRFA has adopted
drive time level of service standards that exceed the benchmark standards
established by NFPA 1710, the CPSE and the guidelines of Chapter 52.33 by as
much as 2 minutes and 15 seconds.
11.1. The KFDRFA's current fire system performance falls short of national standards
and in many parts of the service area performance compared to the CFAI baseline
standards would be considered in response failure. Any additional impacts posed
by new development will further erode the KFDRFA's ability to deliver service at
adopted standards.
11.2. As a result of the economic recession that began in 2008, normal tax revenues
available to the KFDRFA have been reduced because of the reduction in assessed
propert
y values. The KFDRFA is dependent upon property tax revenues generated
from a levy of $1.00 per thousand dollars of assessed real and personal property
value and a Fire Benefit Charge. Declining property values, the statutory tax levy
capacity of $1.00 and the nationwide recession has resulted in declining revenues,
staff reductions and delays in equipment replacements within the KFDRFA.
Traditional funding of capital replacement programs has been shifted to meet
ATTACHMENT A
operating expenses which is largely made up of salary and benefits for firefighters
and other staff leaving the capital plan under funded.
11.3. Unless new development can mitigate their impacts to the KFDRFA system in
accordance with this policy, the KFDRFA must oppose each and every
development occurring within the KFDRFA service area.
12.1. Concepts of Fire Service Capacity and Cascading Failure:
12.1.1. The deployment of fire and life safety resources such as fire engines and
emergency medical vehicles is geographically based through planned
selection of fire station locations. Fire station locations must be carefully
chosen to allow the resource(s) deployed from these locations to reach all
portions of the fire stations assigned service area within a time frame capable
of providing successful outcomes for critically injured or non -breathing
patients and to prevent flashover and minimize life and property loss during a
structure fire.
12.1.2. This type of geographic deployment depends on the availability of the
resources assigned to that fire station location. System failure begins to occur
when the demand for these resources is increased to a point where
simultaneous requests for a resource begins to commonly occur as a result of
exceeding the capacity of that resource. When service demand exceeds a
single resource fire station's capacity, a resource from a fire station further
away must respond in its place. The result of this situation is often referred to
as cascading failure. The failure of one resource to be available to answer
emergency calls cascades to the next closest fire station resource, leaving two
service areas unprotected when the covering resource vacates its assigned area
to make up for lack of capacity of the failing resource. This effect continues to
cascade out with a ripple effect to yet other fire stations and jurisdictions.
Cascading failure causes longer drive times to reach emergency scenes and as
a result, it is less likely that those resources can positively affect the negative
outcomes of flashover and brain death.
The solution to cascading failure is the addition of service capacity through
the deployment of additional response resources to the fire station that is
experiencing substandard reliability. The deployment of additional fire
ATTACHMENT A
resources results in considerable expense to a community, therefore a delicate
balance must be maintained to use but not exceed the service capacity of
resources.
12.1.5. The Center for Public Safety Excellence refers to a fire resource's capacity in
their Commission on Fire Accreditation Standards of Cover guidelines, in
terms of level of "reliability" of a fire resource. If a resource is available at
least as often as the expected performance measurement, it is considered
reliable.
12.1.6. The KFDRFA's ability to meet its response time standards is directly affected
by resource reliability.
12.2. Components of Response:
12.2.1. The KFDRFA measures the direct impact of an individual development on
system performance by determining the development's impact on service
capacity and fire department response times. Fire depart
ment response times
have two primary measures. First is the arrival time of the initial arriving
"firsWn" or distribution resource. Second is the arrival of all resources needed
to effectively mitigate the incident which is referred to as the "Effective
Response Force" (ERF) or concentration resources. The ERF is also
commonly referred to as the full first alarm assignment. An initial arriving
resource can begin to render aid or perform other necessary tasks as a
component of the ERF but cannot resolve the incident alone. An ERF for a
life threatening medical call requires two or more fire resources and a
structure fire requires five or more fire resources. The additional resources of
the ERF must respond from greater distances than the first -in resource
therefore the first -in and ERF have two separate performance expectations.
12.3. Effect of Development on Fire System Performance:
12.3.1. Each new development uses service capacity affecting the reliability and the
temporal performance of fire service resources. Where service capacity exists
to accommodate the impacts of new development, mitigations should be
reduced accordingly to allow new development credit for the existing
capacity. However, service capacity or resource reliability must be carefully
measured to assess the reliability and response performance of both first4n
and full first alarm (ERF) resources.
ATTACHMENT A
12.3.2. It is important to understand whether a new development is placed nearer to or
farther from a fire station, its use of service capacity will have a negative
"till the fire service systems performance.
12.3.3. Mitigations necessary to maintain fire service concurrency is not dependent on
geographical location within a fire stations service area but on the fact that
each development consumes service capacity negatively affecting reliability
and response performance. Those developing property close to an existing fire
station directly impact the system because they are using capacity that would
otherwise serve more distant development. As close -in properties develop,
they in turn, directly impact the system by reducing resource reliability for
those developments that are more distant.
12.4. Mitigation Actions Required:
12.4.1. The KFDRFA's limited funding and resources has caused the need to adopt
standards that establish levels of service below nationally recognized
benchmark standards and as a result, all new development has a direct impact
on the KFDRFA's service capacity.
12.4.2. When system inadequacies exist, the impact of each new development will
have an unacceptable direct impact on the KFDRFA's ability to provide
service. Each new development shall be reviewed to determine whether it will
further impact the following identified service defi
ciencies. Mitigation shall
be required if any one or more of the following performance deficiencies
listed below exist within the service area of the proposed development:
12.4.2.1. Historical performance data shows arrival time for first -in unit response
times exceed the adopted Level of Service standard.
12.4.2.2. Historical performance data shows arrival time of full first alarm units
exceed the adopted Level of Service standard.
12.4.2.3. Historical performance data shows fractile reliability of first in units is
equal to or less than 5%more than the adopted Level of Service on a 24
hour bases or equal to or less than the adopted standard during peals
demand hours.
ATTACHMENT A
12.4.2.4. Historical performance data shows fractile reliability of Full First
Alarm resources is equal to or less than 5% more than the adopted
Level of Service during peals demand hours.
Historical data shows evidence that more than one mutual -aid company
has been consistently relied upon to provide an Effective Response
Force to the area of proposed development.
12.4.2.6. Less than 1,500 gallons of fire flow is available when any structure to
structure spacing is less than 15 feet from any pant of another structure.
12.5. Mitigation Options:
12.5.1. The KF'DRFA staff may utilize the options listed below and/or any State or
locally adopted building code set, and any NFPA or other recognized standard
to mitigate the impacts of new development upon the ability of the KFDRFA
to deliver service.
12.5.2. Acceptable mitigations shall include but not be limited to one or more of the
following options:
12.5.2.1. Installation of automatic fire sprinkler systems to provide onsite fire
control until KFDRFA response units can arrive on scene.
12.5.2.1.1. All automatic fire sprinkler systems shall comply with NFPA 13.
12.5.2.1.1.1. Flow through or "Multi -Purpose" systems may be allowed
in one and two family structures upon approval of the Fire
Marshal representing the authority having jurisdiction
(Covington, Kent or King County).
12.5.2.2. Installation of monitored alarm and alerting systems to provide early
alerting to the KFDRFA.
Installation of fi
re walls or other building separations to reduce fire
flow and/or firefighting resource requirements.
12.5.2.4. Use of alternate construction materials to reduce chance of fire spread
between structures.
ATTACHMENT A
12.5.2.5. Installation of intercom systems in multi -family housing to assist
evacuation and sheltering in place.
12.5.2.6. Addition of access enhancements such as secondary access points, fire
lanes, ambulance parking spaces etc.
12.5.2.7. Installation of incident reduction features such as grab bars in senior
anA
disabled housing units
12.5.2.8. Installation of monitored medical alarms
12.5.2.9. Installation of alarm monitored defibrillators in public areas of multi-
family housing, places of assembly, and public buildings.
12.5.2.10. Impact Fees.
12.5.2.11. Level of Service Fees
12.5.3. Selected mitigation measures should be relational to the risk imposed by the
development. Time is the critical issue in the delivery of fire and emergency
medical services. Mitigation measures should be appropriate and adequate to
achieve a level of public safety that would be equivalent to the KFDRFA's
achievement of response time standards.
13.1. Developer agreements are required for all developments occurring within the
KFDRFA service area. The KFDRFA and the development applicant shall enter
into a mitigation agreement that clearly identifies all mitigation required to
maintain fire service concurrency.
13.1.1. Exceptions:
13.1.1.1. Where the development occurs within the City of Covington and
impact fees are the only mitigation required, an agreement may not be
necessary when utilizing the City of Covington's impact fee policies
will ensure collection of impact fees.
When all mitigation requirements are included as plat notes into the
approved and permitted land use plans, a mitigation agreement may not
be required.
ATTACHMENT A
13.2. Basis for Calculating Impact and Level of Service Fees:
13.2.1. Boundaries: As a point of reference, the KFDRFA boundaries shall be used as
a determinant or benchmark as to the extent of capacity of service according
to the KFDRFA's adopted response time standards. This policy may be
applied to all or administratively defined areas within the boundaries of the
KFDRFA.
13.2.2. Property Categories: Properties are grouped by two basic categories,
residential, and commercial. Residential properties shall include both single
family and multifamily units. Commercial property shall be those property
uses that would otherwise be classified as industrial, business, retail sales and
services, wholesale sales, storage, assisted care facilities and hospital and
medical facilities.
13.2.3. Capital Improvements: The KF•DRFAs Capital Improvement Plan identifies
the resources and revenue needed to provide adequate service and maintain
public health and safety over a 20 year planning cycle. Each year an updated
Six Year Capital Plan shall be adopted to provide current levels of service and
provide the basis for updating construction and equipment costs and impact
and level of service fees.
13.2.4. Fire Department Service Demand: Past demand for fire department services to
property categories identified above, shall be used to predict future service
level demand to those property types. The percentage of service use by new
development and its impact on the KFDRFA Service Levels shall be used to
determine appropriate and relational contributions for each property type (see
Appendix A, Res/Com Split). Needed expenditures for improvements
identified in the KFDRFA Capital Improvement Plan will be the basis for
determining the construction and equipment costs (C&E) which are used in
calculating impact fees and level of service contributions.
13.2.5. Usage Factor: The specific use of fire services by land use category. Use
factors are based on actual call rates. (see appendix B)
13.2.6. ERF (Effective Response Force) Factor: The minimum amount of staffing and
equipment that must reach a specific emergency location within the maximum
adopted level of service time capable of fire suppression, EMS and/or other
incident mitigation.
ATTACHMENT A
13.2.7. New Development Share: That portion of the LOS fee to be paid for by new
development. New Development share is used to assure., that new
development does not solely pay for improvements that increase the ability to -
serve throughout the KFDRFA.
Projected Development. The 20 year development capacity analysis found in
the KFDRFA's Capital Improvement Plan will be the basis for KFDRFA
calculations of future dwelling units and future square -footage of
commercially developed properties.
14.1. New Development Assessment:
14.1.1. Impact Fees &Mitigations
14.1.1.1. In areas where Bre service impact fees have been adopted in support of
the KFDRFA by the authority having jurisdiction to permit building
and land uses, each new proposed development will have a capacity
analysis completed to determine the system wide impacts the proposed
development will have on fire concurrency within the KFDRFA service
area.
14.1.1.2. System impacts will be assessed utilizing the KF'DRFA's Mitigation
Assessment Worksheet. (See Appendix B)
14.1.1.3. Impact fees will be calculated and determined by applying the
appropriate formula found in Appendix A
KF'DRFA staff will determine appropriate non -fee mitigations that will
provide adequate protection necessary to provide Bre service
concurrency to the proposed development.
KFDRFA staff shall consider developer submitted alternate mitigations
and fee amounts presented in a study that provides acceptable
alternatives to the mitigations found in this policy.
ATTACHMENT A
14.1.2. Level of Service Fees & Mitigations
14.1.2.1. In areas where fire service impact fees have not been adopted in
support of the KFDRFA by the authority having jurisdiction to permit
building and land uses, each new development when proposed, and
upon notice of application, shall have their direct impacts assessed and
their appropriate mitigation options determined.
14.1.2.2. The KF'DRFA shall pursue all appropriate mitigations necessary to
maintain public safety and fire service concurrency through the
provisions provided by the Growth Management Act (GMA), State
Environmental Protection Act (SEPA), Washington State subdivision
codes, and the adopted land use regulations in the authority having
jurisdiction.
14.1.2.3. Direct impacts will be assessed utilizing the KFDRFAs Mitigation
Assessment Worksheet. (See Appendix B)
14.1.2.4. Appropriate Level of Service Contribution fees will be calculated and
determined by applying the formula found in Appendix A
14.1.2.5. KFDRFA staff will determine appropriate non -fee mitigations that will
provide adequate protection necessary to provide fire service
concurrency to the proposed development.
14.1.3. Impact and Level of Service Fee Reduction:
14.1.3.1. Where automatic fire sprinklers are installed in single family residential
occupancies, a reduced fee equal to 70% of the impact or level of
service fee shall serve to mitigate the costs of needed EMS and rescue
resources. Additional reductions shall be applied as identified on the
KFDRFA Service Capacity Analysis worksheet in Appendix B.
14.1.4. Fee Payment Policy:
ATTACHMENT A
14.1.4.1. Payment of impact fees within the adopting cities will be collected by
the cityhaving jurisdiction at time of permitting or as defined by a
required development agreement. Impact or level of service fees shall
be based on the most recently adopted formula and fees. Any fees paid
later than required shall be subject to interest at a rate of one (1) percent
per month.
14.1.4.2. All impact fees and level of service contributions collected shall be
held by the KFDRFA in a reserve account used to fund the KF'DRFA's
Capital Improvement Plan. If impact fees are not utilized within ten
years of receipt or five years of receipt for level of service fees, a
refund will be issued to the developer with interest.
14.1.4.3. In all cases, it is the KFDRFA's intent to collect impact and level of
service fees in a manner consistent with this section. However, in an
interest to work with developers in as fair and equitable fashion as
possible, the KFDRFA staff shall use the following guidelines for
negotiating payment schedules.
14.1.4.3.1. Residential fee payment;
14.1.4.3.1.1. Collection of all residential impact and level of service fees
shall be collected at the time of building permit issuance by
the local land use authority and level of service fee
payments should occur at the time of final platting or prior
to the start of construction, m extenuating circumstances
the following payment option may be exercised. Any fees
received late from any payment option will be subject to
interest penalties of one (1) percent per month.
14.1.4.3.1.2. Fees shall be at least 50% collected at the time of building
Vermit issuance for a structure and the remaining balance of
the fire fee paid within three business days of the issuance
of a certificate of occupancy for the structure that the fee
was to be paid for.
14.1.4.3.2. Commercial fee payment;
ATTACHMENT A
14.1.4.3.2.1. Collection of all commercial impact and level of service
fees shall be collected by the time of building permit
issuance where impact fee authority exists and level of
service fee amounts should occur at time of final platting or
prior to the start of construction.
14.1.4.4. Fee Exempt Properties:
14.1.4.4.1. Religious buildings constructed for the sole purpose of religious
worship or education
14.1.4.4.2. Existing structures retained and incorporated into a new
subdivision of land.
14.1.4.4.3. Square footage of new construction equal to the percentage of
square footage of existing structures to be redeveloped.
14.1.4.4.4. Public education facilities constructed for the sole purpose of
academic education
14.1.4.5. Agreements:
14.1.4.5.1. All mitigation agreements between the KFDRFA and developers
shall be recorded as a lien against the property of the proposed
development unless the developer agrees to include all mitigation
requirements specified in the agreement in the approved plat
notes. Upon receipt of payment, the KFDRFA will promptly
notify the appropriate authority having jurisdiction and remove
any encumbrances recorded against the appropriate property.
KFDRFA Funding Participation: There is currently an identified
need for additional fire facilities and equipment in the KF'DRFA.
The KFDRFA will share in the expense of needed resources as
outlined in Section 7.3 20 year Funding Plan of the KFDRFA
Capital Improvement Plan, and in the following manner:
14.1.4.5.2.1. The KFDRFA will be directly responsible for the
percentage of construction and equipment costs beyond the
growth share determined for new developments
ATTACHMENT A
14.1 .4.5.2.2. The KFDRFA will contribute shortages as a result of loss
of, or default on collections of impact and level of service
fees.
Estimated revenues are never fully realized from
development and the KFDRFA will need to supplement
shortages.
14.1.4.5.2.4. The KFDRFA will contribute the actual construction and
other costs exceeding original estimates.
14.1.4.5.2.5. Payment of unanticipated costs associated with
implementing the KFDRFA Capital Improvement Plan.
14.1.4.5.2.6. Advancing funds for the project before total collection of
impact fee or level of service contributions.
14.1.4.5.2.7. Management of this policy, and the Capital Improvement
Plan,
15.1. The safety and welfare of current and future residents of the KFDRFA is of
paramount concern to the KFDRFA. It is recognized that this policy may have
limitations and may not provide definitive guidance for effective mitigation of
direct development impacts on the KFDRFA's service capacity in all cases.
15.2. It is not the intent of this policy to limit the KFDRFA's staff in malting decisions
outside of this policy where those decisions and mitigation options seine the intent
of maintaining concurrency with development and protecting KFDRFA's service
capacity, malting rational and relational mitigation requests appropriate to the level
of risk, and protecting the safety of the public and firefighters in a fair and
consistent manner.
r_ CATO]noIZ 14Z kr0
16.1. At least annually, this Policy will be reviewed and amended as necessary. This
review will include updates to reflect current level of service capacity.
Amendments will be made consistent with the annual revision of the six (6) year
Capital Improvement Plan and shall be approved through a resolution of the
KTDRFA's Board.
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Appendix B
Kent Fire Department
Service Capacity Analysis for New SFR Development
Date of Analysis:
Project Address:
Fire Box Location:
1St in Station
Fire ERF Required
ERF Reliability
Project Permit #
Land Parcel #
Fire Box Performance: 1St In %ERF
Peale Hour Reliability % 1St in Area Performance
ERF Pick List ,
Capacity Allowance Calculator:
lst in response area meets LOS = 15%
F -Box development meets first in LOS = 10% %
1St in reliability meets peak hour standard = 10% %
1,500 GPM / structure spacing greater than 15 feet = 10% %
1st alarm reliability meets peals hour standard = 15% %
Sprinklers installed = 30%
1st alarm ERF meets LOS standard to F -Box = 30% %
Total Capacity Allowance
Total Fee Calculation:
Full SFR Impact Fee Rate =
SFR units in development x
Total impact fee amount
Impact fee to be assessed:
Total impact fee x capacity allowance
Kent Fire Department
Service Capacity Analysis for New non -SFR Development
Date of Analysis:
Project Address:
Fire Box Location:
1St in Station
Fire ERF Required
ERF Reliability
Project Permit #
Land Parcel #
Fire Box Performance: 1St In %ERF
Peale Hour Reliability % 1St in Area Performance
ERF Picic List ,
Capacity Allowance Calculator:
1St in response area meets LOS
F -Box development meets fi
rst in LOS
SL in reliability meets peals hour standard
1st alarm reliability meets peals hour standard
1st alarm ERF meets LOS standard to F -Box
Total Capacity Allowance
Impact fee category and rate:
Multi Family _ Impact fee rate per square foot
Commercial/Industrial _ Impact fee rate per square foot
Hospital/Medical/Civic
Impact fee rate per square foot
Assisted CImpact rate foot
are _
Total fee calculation:
Full impact fee rate
Square footage of development
Total impact/LOS amount
Impact fee to be assessed:
Total impact/LOS amount _
fee per square
x capacity allowance